Base-catalyzed, low temperature self-crosslinking polymers

Claim 2

A low temperature curable, base-catalyzed, self-crosslinking polymer, which consists essentially of (a) at least 1 mole % of a halohydrin monomer, (b) at least 1 mole % of a secondary or tertiary amine salt monomer, and (c) 0-98% mole % of a vinyl polymerizable monomer other than (a) or (b) with the mole percentage totaling 100%, wherein the polymer crosslinks, in the presence of a base, at a lower temperature than a polymer without (b).

Claim 3

The polymer of Claim 1, wherein the halohydrin monomer has the where R and R¹ are independently hydrogen or CH₃; R² is hydrogen when R³ is a lower alkyl, or R³ is hydrogen when R² is a lower alkyl, or R² and R³ are independently a lower alkyl; R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are independently hydrogen or a lower alkyl; n and m are 1-5; X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine; Z is -NH- or -O-; HY is an organic or inorganic acid.

Claim 4

The polymer of Claim 2, wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are methyl; n is 1 and m is 2 or 3; and wherein X is chlorine.

Claim 5

The polymer of Claim 1, wherein the halohydrin monomer is 3-chloro-2-­hydroxypropyl acrylate or methacrylate present in an amount from about 1-­15%; wherein the amine salt monomer is a secondary amine salt selected from the group consisting of diallylamine hydrochloride or N-­isopropylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrogen sulfate and/or a tertiary amine salt selected from the group consisting of dimethyl- aminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride or acetate present in an amount from about 1-25%; and wherein the vinyl polymerizable monomer is dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, N-(2-­methacryloylethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, vinyl acetate, octyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and/or ethyl acrylate present in an amount from about 65-98%.

Claim 6

The polymer of Claim 1, wherein the halohydrin monomer is present in an amount from about 5-91% and the amine salt monomer is present in an amount from about 9-95%.

Claim 7

The polymer of Claim 1, wherein the polymer consists essentially of 15% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 10% dimethylaminopropyl methacryl­amide hydrochloride, and 75% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride; 2% 3-­chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydro- chloride, 96% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride; 2% 3-chloro-2-­hydroxypropyl-acrylate, 2% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydro­chloride, and 96% 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropene sulfonic acid; 12% 3-­chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 17% aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride and 71% N-(2-methacryloylethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride; 10% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 25% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride, and 65% acrylamide; 6% 3-chloro-2-­hydroxypropyl acrylate, 6% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride, and 88% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride; 6% 3-chloro-2-­hydroxypropyl acrylate, 6% dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride, and 88% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride; 3.3% 3-chloro-­2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide, 5.7% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride, and 91% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride; 6% 3-chloro-2-­hydroxypropyl acrylate, 10% N-methyl diallylamine hydrochloride or N-­isopropylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrogen sulfate, and 84% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride; 5% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 95% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; 90.4% 3-chloro-2-­hydroxypropyl methacrylate acetate and 9.6% dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate acetate; 2.6% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 4.7% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide acetate, 24.6% vinyl acetate, and 68.1% octyl acrylate; 2.4% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 4.6% dimethylamino- propyl methacrylamide acetate, and 93% butyl acrylate; or 1.0% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 1% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, 5.5% octyl acrylate, and 92.5% ethyl acrylate.

Claim 8

An electroconductive coating for a paper substrate, which consists essentially of an aqueous solution of a cationic, self-crosslinking, alka­line-curable polymer and an alkali or alkaline earth salt; the polymer consisting essentially of (a) of at least about 70 mole % of a non-cross­linking, cationic quaternary ammonium salt monomer, (b) at least about 1 mole % of a halohydrin-containing monomer, (c) at least 1 mole % of a secondary or tertiary amine salt monomer, and (d) 0-28% of a vinyl poly­merizable monomer other than (a), (b), or (c), with the mole percentage totaling 100%; wherein the polymer crosslinks, in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth salt, at a lower temperature than a polymer without the amine salt.

Claim 9

An electroconductive coating for a paper substrate, which consists essentially of an aqueous solution of a cationic, self-crosslinking, alka­line-curable polymer and an alkali or alkaline earth salt; the polymer consisting essentially of (a) of at least about 70 mole % of a non-cross­linking, cationic quaternary ammonium salt monomer, (b) at least about 1 mole % of a halohydrin-containing monomer, (c) at least 1 mole % of a secondary or tertiary amine salt monomer, and (d) 0-28% of a vinyl poly­merizable monomer other than (a), (b), or (c), with the mole percentage totaling 100%; wherein the polymer crosslinks, in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth salt, at a lower temperature than a polymer without the amine salt.

Claim 10

The coating of Claim 7, wherein the polymer consists essentially of 70-97% of the non-crosslinking, cationic quaternary ammonium salt monomer which R⁸ is R⁷ or β-propionamido, and A is an anion; 2-20 mole % of the halohydrin monomer which has the formula where X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine, R is hydrogen or CH₃, Z is -NH- or -O-, and R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently a C₁-C¹⁸ alkyl group; and 1-10 mole % of the amine salt monomer which has the formula where R¹ is hydrogen or CH₃, R² is hydrogen when R³ is a lower alkyl, or R³ is hydrogen when R² is a lower alkyl, or R² and R³ are independently a lower alkyl; R⁴, R⁵, and R⁶ are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; n and m are 1-5; Z is -NH- or -0-; and HY is an organic or inorganic acid.

Claim 11

The coating of Claim 8, wherein the non-crosslinking, cationic monomer is dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride; the halohydrin-containing monomer is 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate or methacrylate or the adduct of epichlorohydrin and dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide or of epichlorohydrin and dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide or of epichlorohydrin dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; and the amine salt monomer is dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide or dimethylaminoethyl meth­acrylate.

Claim 12

The coating of Claim 20, wherein the polymer consists essentially of 93% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 4% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and 3% dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride; 87% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 7% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and 6% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; 81% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 12% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and 7% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; 75% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 15% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and 10% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; 70% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 20% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and 10% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; 94% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 3% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and 2% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; 93% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 3% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and 4% N-­methyl diallyl amine hydochloride; 91% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 3% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and 6% dimethyl­aminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; 87% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 5% 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 6% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride, and 2% acrylic acid; 93% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 3% of the adduct of epichlorohydrin and dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, and 4% N-methyl diallyl amine hydro­chloride; 93% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 3% of the adduct of epichlorohydrin and dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, and 4% dimethyl­aminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; 88% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 9% of the adduct of epichlorohydrin and dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, and 3% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; 93% dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride, 3% of the adduct of epichlorohydrin and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and 4% dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride; or 93% dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 3% of the adduct of epichlorohydrin and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and 4% of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride.