US3680133A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Subsurface traveling wave antenna
Assignee: Raytheon Co
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Filing: 1970-06-08
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Granted: 1972-07-25
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Expires: 1990-06-08
Abstract
Abstract A subsurface traveling wave antenna in which a first and a second insulated matched load terminated linear radiating element is positioned in a plane normal to and under the surface. Each of the radiating elements are spaced apart but are located within the refracting cone at the surface interface. The load terminated ends are located at the surface end of each element. The distance between the elements is sufficiently close to provide phase reinforcement. Means are provided for mutually exciting the radiating elements, as well as for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagated along the radiating element to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the radiating elements.
Inventors
- 👤 Carson K H Tsao
- 👤 Joseph T De Bettencourt
- 👤 Howard J Rowland
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 04:36
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01Q; H01Q1/00; H01Q1/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
79 words
A subsurface antenna for transmission and reception of electromagnetic wave energy comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated radiating elements positioned under the surface in a generally vertical position, the distance between the radiating elements is such as to provide phase reinforcement; means for mutually exciting said radiating elements; and means for matching an electromagnetic wave propagating along said radiating elements to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the radiating elements.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
79 words
A subsurface antenna for transmission and reception of electromagnetic wave energy comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated radiating elements positioned under the surface in a generally vertical position, the distance between the radiating elements is such as to provide phase reinforcement; means for mutually exciting said radiating elements; and means for matching an electromagnetic wave propagating along said radiating elements to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the radiating elements.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
A subsurface antenna according to claim 1, wherein: said radiating elements lie along axes which intersect to form an angle at one of their ends.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
A subsurface antenna according to claim 2, wherein: said radiating elements are linear.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
A subsurface antenna according to claim 1, wherein: said radiating elements are linear.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
116 words
A subsurface communications antenna comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated linear radiating elements positioned normal to and under the surface, the elements being spaced apart by distance D, the useful radiating element length L being approximated by B2D/a2 when B1 B2, a1<<a2, and a1L>>1, where a1 and a2 are the attenuation constants of the radiating element and propagation medium respectively, B1 and B2 are the phase constants of the radiating element and propagation medium respectively; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating along said radiating elements to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the elements.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
116 words
A subsurface communications antenna comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated linear radiating elements positioned normal to and under the surface, the elements being spaced apart by distance D, the useful radiating element length L being approximated by B2D/a2 when B1 B2, a1<<a2, and a1L>>1, where a1 and a2 are the attenuation constants of the radiating element and propagation medium respectively, B1 and B2 are the phase constants of the radiating element and propagation medium respectively; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating along said radiating elements to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the elements.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
60 words
A subsurface communications antenna according to claim 5, wherein: each radiating element propagation constant k1 is related to the attenuation constant a1 and phase constant B1 by k1 B1 - ja1, the spacing between the radiating elements being such that kD < or = lambda 2/2, where lambda 2 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the propagation medium.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
76 words
A subsurface antenna for transmission and reception comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated linear radiating elements positioned under the surface, the radiating elements being spaced apart within the refracting cone at the surface interface; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the radiating elements to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the radiating elements.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
76 words
A subsurface antenna for transmission and reception comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated linear radiating elements positioned under the surface, the radiating elements being spaced apart within the refracting cone at the surface interface; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the radiating elements to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the radiating elements.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
85 words
A subsurface antenna for transmission and reception comprising: first and second insulated linear radiating elements spaced apart and defining a plane under the surface within the refracting cone of the surface interface, each element having one end near the surface terminated in a corresponding matched load; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the radiating elements to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the elements.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
85 words
A subsurface antenna for transmission and reception comprising: first and second insulated linear radiating elements spaced apart and defining a plane under the surface within the refracting cone of the surface interface, each element having one end near the surface terminated in a corresponding matched load; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the radiating elements to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the elements.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
A subsurface antenna according to claim 8, wherein: the first and second insulated linear radiating elements are positioned normal to the surface.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
A subsurface antenna according to claim 8, wherein: the first and second insulated linear radiating elements lie along axes which intersect to form an angle at the other of their ends.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
114 words
A subsurface communications antenna comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated linear radiating elements positioned normal to and under the surface, the elements being spaced apart by distance D, the useful radiating element length L being approximated by B2D/a2 when B1 B2, a1<<a2, and a1L>>1, where a1 and a2 are the attenuation constants of the radiating element and propagation medium respectively, B1 and B2 are the phase constants of the radiating element and propagation medium respectively; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave along the radiating elements to the phase velocity of a wave propagating in a medium external to the elements.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
114 words
A subsurface communications antenna comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated linear radiating elements positioned normal to and under the surface, the elements being spaced apart by distance D, the useful radiating element length L being approximated by B2D/a2 when B1 B2, a1<<a2, and a1L>>1, where a1 and a2 are the attenuation constants of the radiating element and propagation medium respectively, B1 and B2 are the phase constants of the radiating element and propagation medium respectively; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave along the radiating elements to the phase velocity of a wave propagating in a medium external to the elements.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
60 words
A subsurface communications antenna according to claim 11, wherein: each radiating element propagation constant k1 is related to the attenuation constant a1 and phase constant B1 by k1 B1 - ja1, the spacing between the radiating elements being such that kD < or = lambda 2/2, where lambda 2 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the propagation medium.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
72 words
A subsurfacE communications antenna comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated linear radiating elements spaced apart under the surface within the refracting cone at the surface interface, the elements being sufficiently close to provide phase reinforcement of waves propagating toward their matched load ends; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and a first and second plurality of inductive impedances interconnecting portions of each element at periodic intervals along their extent.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
72 words
A subsurfacE communications antenna comprising: first and second insulated matched load terminated linear radiating elements spaced apart under the surface within the refracting cone at the surface interface, the elements being sufficiently close to provide phase reinforcement of waves propagating toward their matched load ends; means for mutually exciting the radiating elements; and a first and second plurality of inductive impedances interconnecting portions of each element at periodic intervals along their extent.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
113 words
A subsurface communications antenna comprising: a first and second pair of insulated linear radiating elements spaced apart and defining a plane normal to and positioned under the surface within the refracting cone at the surface interface, the surface ends of each element being terminated in a corresponding matched load, the planes of the pairs being in spaced quadrature to define an omnidirectional beam pattern; means for exciting the first radiating element pair in phased quadrature to the second radiating pair; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating along each radiating element to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the radiating element.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
113 words
A subsurface communications antenna comprising: a first and second pair of insulated linear radiating elements spaced apart and defining a plane normal to and positioned under the surface within the refracting cone at the surface interface, the surface ends of each element being terminated in a corresponding matched load, the planes of the pairs being in spaced quadrature to define an omnidirectional beam pattern; means for exciting the first radiating element pair in phased quadrature to the second radiating pair; and means for matching the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating along each radiating element to the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a medium external to the radiating element.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1975-07-25 | 1976-01-24 | 1976-07-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1979-07-25 | 1980-01-24 | 1980-07-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1983-07-25 | 1984-01-24 | 1984-07-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |