US3869090A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Comminuting apparatus and method
Assignee: Air Liquide SA
•
Filing: 1973-07-23
•
Granted: 1975-03-04
•
Expires: 1993-07-23
Abstract
Abstract An apparatus for breaking-up or pulverizing particles of solid material, comprising a pulverizing chamber defined by a wall having substantially a shape of revolution with respect to an axis; at least one rotor disposed coaxially in the interior of said pulverizing chamber and comprising a substantially cylindrical body provided with centrifugal flow means for the particles to be pulverized, said means being uniformly distributed angularly with respect to the axis of said chamber, each flow means extending radially from an internal extraction extremity for said particles to be pulverized, located in an axial receiving zone for said particles, up to an external projection extremity for said particles, located at the outer periphery of said rotor, each said centrifugal flow means having a front surface (with respect to the direction of rotation of said rotor) for displacement of said particles; means for introducing said particles to be pulverized into the axial receiving zone of said rotor; an annular pulverizing target disposed in the interior of said chamber and constituted, if so desired, by the wall of said chamber, surrounding said rotor; evacuation means for said pulverized particles, in communication with the peripheral pulverizing zone in the vicinity of said annular target; a driving shaft for said rotor passing through the wall of said pulverization chamber, said flow means further comprising a blade having a front displacement surface with an entirely concave profile from the internal extraction extremity to the external projection extremity of said particles to be pulverized. The invention also covers a method of utilizing this apparatus comprising the further step of recycling at least part of said pulverized particles by fluidization with a carrier gas in a separation and collection chamber and thence to the pulverization chamber.
Inventors
- 👤 Jacques Roussel
- 👤 Georges Perrin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 16:33
CPC Classifications
B; B02; B02C; B02C23/00; B02C13/00; B02C13/14; B02C13/18; B02C13/1807; B02C19/00; B02C19/18; B02C19/186
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 136
Claim 1
Independent Claim
10 words
IN AN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING PARTICLES OF SOLID MATERIAL COMPRISING:
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
10 words
IN AN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING PARTICLES OF SOLID MATERIAL COMPRISING:
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
A WALL HAVING SUBSTANTIALLY A SHAPE OF REVOLUTION ABOUT AN AXIS AND DEFINING A GRINDING CHAMBER,
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
A WALL HAVING SUBSTANTIALLY A SHAPE OF REVOLUTION ABOUT AN AXIS AND DEFINING A GRINDING CHAMBER,
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
144 words
AT LEAST ONE ROTOR DISPOSED COAXILLY WITHIN SAID GRINDING CHAMBER, COMPRISING: - A BODY HAVING A SHAPE OF REVOLUTION ABOUT SAID AXIS - CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS FOR THE PARTICLES TO BE GROUND, SECURED TO SAID BODY, UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED ANGULARLY ABOUT SAID AXIS, EACH OF SAID CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS EXTENDING RADIALLY FROM AN INTERNAL EXTREMITY FOR THE EXTRACTION OF SAID PARTICLES TO BE GROUND, LOCATED IN AN AXIAL RECEIVING ZONE FOR SAID PARTICLES, UP TO AN EXTERNAL EXTREMITY FOR THE PROJECTION OF SAID PARTICLES, LOCATED AT THE OUTER CIRCULAR PERIPHERY OF SAID ROTOR, AND EACH OF SAID CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS HAVING A FRONT SURFACE WITH RESPECT TO THE DIRECTION ROTATION OF SAID ROTOR FOR DISPLACEMENT OF SAID PARTICLES, SAID FRONT DISPLACEMENT SURFACE HAVING A CONCAVE PROFILE FROM SAID INTERNAL EXTRACTION EXTREMITY TO SAID EXTERNAL PROJECTION EXTREMITY OF SAID PARTICLES TO BE GROUND,
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
144 words
AT LEAST ONE ROTOR DISPOSED COAXILLY WITHIN SAID GRINDING CHAMBER, COMPRISING: - A BODY HAVING A SHAPE OF REVOLUTION ABOUT SAID AXIS - CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS FOR THE PARTICLES TO BE GROUND, SECURED TO SAID BODY, UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED ANGULARLY ABOUT SAID AXIS, EACH OF SAID CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS EXTENDING RADIALLY FROM AN INTERNAL EXTREMITY FOR THE EXTRACTION OF SAID PARTICLES TO BE GROUND, LOCATED IN AN AXIAL RECEIVING ZONE FOR SAID PARTICLES, UP TO AN EXTERNAL EXTREMITY FOR THE PROJECTION OF SAID PARTICLES, LOCATED AT THE OUTER CIRCULAR PERIPHERY OF SAID ROTOR, AND EACH OF SAID CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS HAVING A FRONT SURFACE WITH RESPECT TO THE DIRECTION ROTATION OF SAID ROTOR FOR DISPLACEMENT OF SAID PARTICLES, SAID FRONT DISPLACEMENT SURFACE HAVING A CONCAVE PROFILE FROM SAID INTERNAL EXTRACTION EXTREMITY TO SAID EXTERNAL PROJECTION EXTREMITY OF SAID PARTICLES TO BE GROUND,
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
144 words
at least one rotor disposed coaxially within said grinding chamber, comprising: - a body having a shape of revolution about said axis - centrifugal flow guide means for the particles to be ground, secured to said body, uniformly distributed angularly about said axis, each of said centrifugal flow guide means extending radially from an internal extremity for the extraction of said particles to be ground, located in an axial receiving zone for said particles, up to an external extremity for the projection of said particles, located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor, and each of said centrifugal flow guide means having a front surface with respect to the direction rotation of said rotor for displacement of said particles, said front displacement surface having a concave profile from said internal extraction extremity to said external projection extremity of said particles to be ground,
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
144 words
at least one rotor disposed coaxially within said grinding chamber, comprising: - a body having a shape of revolution about said axis - centrifugal flow guide means for the particles to be ground, secured to said body, uniformly distributed angularly about said axis, each of said centrifugal flow guide means extending radially from an internal extremity for the extraction of said particles to be ground, located in an axial receiving zone for said particles, up to an external extremity for the projection of said particles, located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor, and each of said centrifugal flow guide means having a front surface with respect to the direction rotation of said rotor for displacement of said particles, said front displacement surface having a concave profile from said internal extraction extremity to said external projection extremity of said particles to be ground,
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
supplying means for said particles to be ground, disposed above said introducing means of said grinding device, communicating with said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
supplying means for said particles to be ground, disposed above said introducing means of said grinding device, communicating with said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
at least one rotor disposed coaxially within said grinding chamber, for centrifuging said particles to be ground,
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
at least one rotor disposed coaxially within said grinding chamber, for centrifuging said particles to be ground,
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
supplying means for said particles to be ground, disposed above said introducing means of said grinding device, communicating with said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
26 words
supplying means for said particles to be ground, disposed above said introducing means of said grinding device, communicating with said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
40 words
by rotating said rotor, accelerating and centrifuging said introduced particles along a concave trajectory from an internal extraction extremity located in said axial receiving zone up to an external projection extremity located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor,
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
40 words
by rotating said rotor, accelerating and centrifuging said introduced particles along a concave trajectory from an internal extraction extremity located in said axial receiving zone up to an external projection extremity located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor,
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
42 words
by rotating said rotor, accelerating and centrifuging said introduced particles along a predetermined concave centrifuging trajectory, from an internal extraction extremity located in said axial receiving zone up to an external projection extremity located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor,
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
42 words
by rotating said rotor, accelerating and centrifuging said introduced particles along a predetermined concave centrifuging trajectory, from an internal extraction extremity located in said axial receiving zone up to an external projection extremity located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor,
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
supplying means for said particles to be ground, disposed above said introducing means of said grinding device, communicating with said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
supplying means for said particles to be ground, disposed above said introducing means of said grinding device, communicating with said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
supplying means for said particles to be ground, communicating with said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
supplying means for said particles to be ground, communicating with said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
145 words
at least one rotor disposed coaxially within said grinding chamber, comprising: - a body having a shape of revolution about said axis - centrifugal flow guide means for the particles to be ground, secured to said body, uniformly distributed angularly about said axis, each of said centrifugal flow guide means extending radially from an internal extremity for the extraction of said particles to be ground, located in an axial receiving zone for said particles, up to an external extremity for the projection of said particles, located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor, and each of said centrifugal flow guide means having a front surface with respect to the direction of rotation of said rotor for displacement of said particles, said front displacement surface having a concave profile from said internal extraction extremity to said internal projection extremity of said particles to be ground,
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
145 words
at least one rotor disposed coaxially within said grinding chamber, comprising: - a body having a shape of revolution about said axis - centrifugal flow guide means for the particles to be ground, secured to said body, uniformly distributed angularly about said axis, each of said centrifugal flow guide means extending radially from an internal extremity for the extraction of said particles to be ground, located in an axial receiving zone for said particles, up to an external extremity for the projection of said particles, located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor, and each of said centrifugal flow guide means having a front surface with respect to the direction of rotation of said rotor for displacement of said particles, said front displacement surface having a concave profile from said internal extraction extremity to said internal projection extremity of said particles to be ground,
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
32 words
a plurality of rotors disposed coaxially within said grinding chamber, for centrifuging respectively and successively said particles to be ground, each of said rotors having an axial reception zone for said particles,
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
32 words
a plurality of rotors disposed coaxially within said grinding chamber, for centrifuging respectively and successively said particles to be ground, each of said rotors having an axial reception zone for said particles,
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
40 words
by rotating said rotor, accelerating and centrifuging said introduced particles along a concave trajectory from an internal extraction extremity located in said axial receiving zone up to an external projection extremity located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor,
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
40 words
by rotating said rotor, accelerating and centrifuging said introduced particles along a concave trajectory from an internal extraction extremity located in said axial receiving zone up to an external projection extremity located at the outer circular periphery of said rotor,
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
18 words
means for introducing said particles to be ground, in communication with said axial receiving zone of said rotor,
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
18 words
means for introducing said particles to be ground, in communication with said axial receiving zone of said rotor,
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
83 words
Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein in combination: a. at said external projection extremity, the profile of said front displacement surface of each said centrifugal flow guide means forms an angle comprised between 0* and 10* with said outer circular periphery of said rotor, and b. at said internal extraction extremity, the profile of said front displacement surface of each said centrifugal flow guide means forms an angle comprised between 0* and 10* with the inner circular periphery of said axial receiving zone.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
23 words
a rotary distributor for said particles to be ground, disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grindIng device, and
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
23 words
a rotary distributor for said particles to be ground, disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grindIng device, and
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
30 words
projecting the particles so accelerated from said external projection extremity towards said annular impact target means, whereby said projected particles are ground by impact on said impact target means, and
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
30 words
projecting the particles so accelerated from said external projection extremity towards said annular impact target means, whereby said projected particles are ground by impact on said impact target means, and
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
22 words
a rotary distributor for said particles to be ground, disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
22 words
a rotary distributor for said particles to be ground, disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
22 words
a rotary distributor for said particles to be ground, disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
22 words
a rotary distributor for said particles to be ground, disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
30 words
projecting the particles so accelerated from said external projection extremity towards said annular impact target means, whereby said projected particles are ground by impact on said impact target means, and
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
30 words
projecting the particles so accelerated from said external projection extremity towards said annular impact target means, whereby said projected particles are ground by impact on said impact target means, and
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
30 words
projecting the particles so accelerated from said external projection extremity towards said annular impact target means, whereby said projected particles are ground by impact on said impact target means, and
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
30 words
projecting the particles so accelerated from said external projection extremity towards said annular impact target means, whereby said projected particles are ground by impact on said impact target means, and
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
19 words
means for introducing said particles to be ground, in communication with said axial receiving zone of a first rotor,
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
19 words
means for introducing said particles to be ground, in communication with said axial receiving zone of a first rotor,
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
12 words
means for introducing said particles to be ground into said grinding chamber,
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
12 words
means for introducing said particles to be ground into said grinding chamber,
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
22 words
a rotary distributor for said particles to be ground, disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
22 words
a rotary distributor for said particles to be ground, disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grinding device,
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
18 words
means for introducing said particles to be ground, in communication with said axial receiving zone of said rotor,
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
18 words
means for introducing said particles to be ground, in communication with said axial receiving zone of said rotor,
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
18 words
MEANS FOR INTRODUCING SAID PARTICLES TO BE GROUND, IN COMMUNICATION WITH SAID AXIAL RECEIVING ZONE OF SAID ROTOR,
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
18 words
MEANS FOR INTRODUCING SAID PARTICLES TO BE GROUND, IN COMMUNICATION WITH SAID AXIAL RECEIVING ZONE OF SAID ROTOR,
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
12 words
ANNULAR IMPACT MEANS DISPOSED IN SAID GRINDING CHAMBER, AND SURROUNDING SAID ROTOR,
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
12 words
ANNULAR IMPACT MEANS DISPOSED IN SAID GRINDING CHAMBER, AND SURROUNDING SAID ROTOR,
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
12 words
annular impact means disposed in said grinding chamber, and surrounding said rotor,
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
12 words
annular impact means disposed in said grinding chamber, and surrounding said rotor,
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
39 words
a classifying separator for said ground particles, disposed outside said grinding device, having an inlet for said ground particles, a first outlet for ground particles of larger size, and a second outlet for ground particles of smaller size, and
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
39 words
a classifying separator for said ground particles, disposed outside said grinding device, having an inlet for said ground particles, a first outlet for ground particles of larger size, and a second outlet for ground particles of smaller size, and
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
31 words
separating means for said ground particles, disposed outside said grinding device, having an inlet communicating with said evacuation means of said grinding device, and an outlet for said ground particles, and
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
31 words
separating means for said ground particles, disposed outside said grinding device, having an inlet communicating with said evacuation means of said grinding device, and an outlet for said ground particles, and
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
14 words
annular impact means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding said rotor,
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
14 words
annular impact means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding said rotor,
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
16 words
annular impact means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding each of said rotors,
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
16 words
annular impact means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding each of said rotors,
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
85 words
moving away the particles so ground from a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact target means, and evacuating the ground particles from said grinding chamber; the improvement comprising imparting to said particles to be ground, accelerated and centrifuged by rotation of said rotor, a predetermined centrifuging trajectory, from said internal extraction extremity to said external projection extremity, substantially close to the natural centrifuging trajectory of said particles to be ground under the working conditions of said rotor and said particles to be ground.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
85 words
moving away the particles so ground from a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact target means, and evacuating the ground particles from said grinding chamber; the improvement comprising imparting to said particles to be ground, accelerated and centrifuged by rotation of said rotor, a predetermined centrifuging trajectory, from said internal extraction extremity to said external projection extremity, substantially close to the natural centrifuging trajectory of said particles to be ground under the working conditions of said rotor and said particles to be ground.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
50 words
moving away the particles so ground from a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact target means, and evacuating the ground particles from said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein an adjustable subatmospheric pressure is maintained in said grinding chamber, said adjustable pressure being comprised between 10 and 200 torrs.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
50 words
moving away the particles so ground from a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact target means, and evacuating the ground particles from said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein an adjustable subatmospheric pressure is maintained in said grinding chamber, said adjustable pressure being comprised between 10 and 200 torrs.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
39 words
a classifying separator for said ground particles, disposed outside said grinding device, having an inlet for said ground particles, a first outlet for ground particles of larger size, and a second outlet for ground particles of smaller size, and
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
39 words
a classifying separator for said ground particles, disposed outside said grinding device, having an inlet for said ground particles, a first outlet for ground particles of larger size, and a second outlet for ground particles of smaller size, and
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
60 words
Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus works under an adjustable subatmospheric pressure, wherein said driving shaft rotates on gas bearing means comprising a guiding member secured to said wall of said grinding chamber and defining with said driving shaft a calibrated gaseous passage, and wherein vacuum-creating means are connected to said grinding chamber through said calibrated gaseous passage.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
164 words
separating means for said ground particles, communicating with said peripheral grinding zone of said grinding device, and having at least an outlet for said ground particles; the improvement wherein said apparatus is adapted to work under an adjustable subatmospheric pressure, and so has the further following features: a. said supplying means comprise a feed hopper under atmospheric pressure, and a depressurizable intermediate hopper, both disposed vertically, b. said intermediate hopper has upper and lower closure means, said upper closure means communicating with said feed hopper for the introduction of said particles to be ground, and said lower closure means communicating with said rotary distributor for the extraction of said particles to be ground, and c. vacuum creating means, to communicate on the one hand with at least said intermediate hopper, and on the other hand through flow-rate adjusting means and at least a filter with at least said grinding chamber, said introducing means, said evacuation means of said grinding device, and said separating means.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
164 words
separating means for said ground particles, communicating with said peripheral grinding zone of said grinding device, and having at least an outlet for said ground particles; the improvement wherein said apparatus is adapted to work under an adjustable subatmospheric pressure, and so has the further following features: a. said supplying means comprise a feed hopper under atmospheric pressure, and a depressurizable intermediate hopper, both disposed vertically, b. said intermediate hopper has upper and lower closure means, said upper closure means communicating with said feed hopper for the introduction of said particles to be ground, and said lower closure means communicating with said rotary distributor for the extraction of said particles to be ground, and c. vacuum creating means, to communicate on the one hand with at least said intermediate hopper, and on the other hand through flow-rate adjusting means and at least a filter with at least said grinding chamber, said introducing means, said evacuation means of said grinding device, and said separating means.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
12 words
annular impact means disposed in said grinding chamber, and surrounding said rotor,
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
12 words
annular impact means disposed in said grinding chamber, and surrounding said rotor,
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
100 words
moving away the particles so ground from a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact target means, and evacuating the ground particles from said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein for said predetermined centrifuging concave trajectory, and at said internal extraction extremity of said particles to be ground, the relative speed of reception of said particles with respect to said rotor is maintained substantially tangential with respect to said predetermined trajectory by controlling at least one of the following conditions: - the absolute speed of reception of said particles on said rotor - the speed of rotation of said rotor.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
100 words
moving away the particles so ground from a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact target means, and evacuating the ground particles from said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein for said predetermined centrifuging concave trajectory, and at said internal extraction extremity of said particles to be ground, the relative speed of reception of said particles with respect to said rotor is maintained substantially tangential with respect to said predetermined trajectory by controlling at least one of the following conditions: - the absolute speed of reception of said particles on said rotor - the speed of rotation of said rotor.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
20 words
evacuation means for said ground particles, in communication with a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact means, and
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
20 words
evacuation means for said ground particles, in communication with a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact means, and
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
300 words
a circuit for the pneumatic recycling of said ground particles of larger size, comprising: (5.1) an evacuation conduit communicating with said evacuation means of said grinding device, and with inlet of said classifying separator, (5.2) an introduction conduit communicating with said first outlet of said classifying separator, and with said introducing means of said grinding device, through a rotary distributor, (5.3) gaseous circulation means for circulating cyclically a carrier gas from said evacuation means of said grinding device to said introducing means of said grinding device, through said evacuation conduit and said classifying separator, and (5.4) a carrier gas separator for separating said ground particles of smaller size from said carrier gas, having an inlet communicating with said second outlet of said classifying separator, an outlet for said carrier gas, and an outlet for said ground particles of smaller size; the improvement wherein said apparatus works under an adjustable subatmospheric pressure, and so has the further following features: a. said supplying means comprise a feed hopper under atmospheric pressure, and a depressurizable intermediate hopper, both disposed vertically, b. said intermediate depressurizable hopper has upper and lower clOsure means, said upper closure means communicating with said feed hopper for the introduction of said particles to be ground, and said lower closure means communicating with said rotary distributor disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grinding device, c. said gaseous circulating means are vacuum-creating means, communicating on the one hand with said intermediate hopper, and on the other hand through at least one filter with said outlet for said carrier gas of said carrier gas separator, and d. said outlet for said ground particles of smaller size of said carrier gas separator has a closable orifice communicating with a recovery vessel for said ground particles of smaller size.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
300 words
a circuit for the pneumatic recycling of said ground particles of larger size, comprising: (5.1) an evacuation conduit communicating with said evacuation means of said grinding device, and with inlet of said classifying separator, (5.2) an introduction conduit communicating with said first outlet of said classifying separator, and with said introducing means of said grinding device, through a rotary distributor, (5.3) gaseous circulation means for circulating cyclically a carrier gas from said evacuation means of said grinding device to said introducing means of said grinding device, through said evacuation conduit and said classifying separator, and (5.4) a carrier gas separator for separating said ground particles of smaller size from said carrier gas, having an inlet communicating with said second outlet of said classifying separator, an outlet for said carrier gas, and an outlet for said ground particles of smaller size; the improvement wherein said apparatus works under an adjustable subatmospheric pressure, and so has the further following features: a. said supplying means comprise a feed hopper under atmospheric pressure, and a depressurizable intermediate hopper, both disposed vertically, b. said intermediate depressurizable hopper has upper and lower clOsure means, said upper closure means communicating with said feed hopper for the introduction of said particles to be ground, and said lower closure means communicating with said rotary distributor disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grinding device, c. said gaseous circulating means are vacuum-creating means, communicating on the one hand with said intermediate hopper, and on the other hand through at least one filter with said outlet for said carrier gas of said carrier gas separator, and d. said outlet for said ground particles of smaller size of said carrier gas separator has a closable orifice communicating with a recovery vessel for said ground particles of smaller size.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
311 words
means for the pneumatic recycling of said ground particles, comprising: (5.1) an evacuation conduit communicating with said evacuation means of said grinding device and with said inlet of said separating means, (5.2) an introduction conduit communicating with said outlet of said separating means, and with said introducing means of said grinding device, through a rotary distributor, (5.3) gaseous circulation means for circulating cyclically a carrier gas from said evacuation means of said grinding device to said introducing means of said grinding device, through said evacuation conduit and said separating means, and (5.4) a carrier gas separator for separating said ground particles from said carrier gas, having an inlet, an outlet for said carrier gas, and an outlet for said ground particles; the improvement wherein: a. said supplying means comprise a feed hopper, and an intermediate hopper, both disposed vertically, said intermediate hopper having a feed inlet communicating with said feed hopper, and an evacuation outlet communicating with said rotary distributor, disposed between said supplying means and said introduction means of said grinding device, b. said introduction conduit communicates with a recycling inlet of said intermediate hopper, whereby said introduction conduit communicates with said introducing means of said grinding device, through said intermediate hopper and said rotary distributor disposed between said supplying means and said introduction means of said grinding device, c. said carrier gas separator is disposed outside the recycling circuit formed by said evacuation means of said grinding device, said evacuation conduit, said separating means, said introduction conduit, said intermediate hopper, said rotary distributor, and said introducing means of said grinding device, and d. change-over means disposed on said introduction conduit, said change-over means haviNg a recycling position from said evacuation means of said grinding device towards said separating means, and an evacuation position from said evacuation means of said grinding device towards said inlet of said carrier gas separator.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
311 words
means for the pneumatic recycling of said ground particles, comprising: (5.1) an evacuation conduit communicating with said evacuation means of said grinding device and with said inlet of said separating means, (5.2) an introduction conduit communicating with said outlet of said separating means, and with said introducing means of said grinding device, through a rotary distributor, (5.3) gaseous circulation means for circulating cyclically a carrier gas from said evacuation means of said grinding device to said introducing means of said grinding device, through said evacuation conduit and said separating means, and (5.4) a carrier gas separator for separating said ground particles from said carrier gas, having an inlet, an outlet for said carrier gas, and an outlet for said ground particles; the improvement wherein: a. said supplying means comprise a feed hopper, and an intermediate hopper, both disposed vertically, said intermediate hopper having a feed inlet communicating with said feed hopper, and an evacuation outlet communicating with said rotary distributor, disposed between said supplying means and said introduction means of said grinding device, b. said introduction conduit communicates with a recycling inlet of said intermediate hopper, whereby said introduction conduit communicates with said introducing means of said grinding device, through said intermediate hopper and said rotary distributor disposed between said supplying means and said introduction means of said grinding device, c. said carrier gas separator is disposed outside the recycling circuit formed by said evacuation means of said grinding device, said evacuation conduit, said separating means, said introduction conduit, said intermediate hopper, said rotary distributor, and said introducing means of said grinding device, and d. change-over means disposed on said introduction conduit, said change-over means haviNg a recycling position from said evacuation means of said grinding device towards said separating means, and an evacuation position from said evacuation means of said grinding device towards said inlet of said carrier gas separator.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
19 words
evacuation means for said ground particles, in communication with a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact means,
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
19 words
evacuation means for said ground particles, in communication with a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact means,
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
20 words
evacuation means for said ground particles, in communication with a peripheral grinding zone adjacent to said annular impact means, and
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
20 words
evacuation means for said ground particles, in communication with a peripheral grinding zone adjacent to said annular impact means, and
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
190 words
a circuit for the pneumatic recycling of said ground particles of larger size, comprising: (5.1) an evacuation conduit communicating with said evacuation means of said grinding device, and with said inlet of said classifying separator, (5.2) an introduction conduit communicating with said first outlet of said classifying collector, and with said introducing means of said grinding device, through a rotary distributor, and (5.3) gaseous circulation means for circulating cyclically a carrier gas from said evacuation means of said grinding device to said introducing means of said grinding device, through said evacuation conduit and said classifying separator; the improvement wherein said classifying separator comprises separating means for separating said ground particles from said carrier gas, and classifying means, distinct from said separating means, for separating said ground particles of larger size from said ground particles of smaller size, said separating means having said inlet for said ground particles, an outlet for said carrier gas, and an outlet communicating with an inlet of said classifying means, and said classifying means having said first and second outlets, said second outlet communicting directly with a recovery vessel for said ground particles of smaller size.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
190 words
a circuit for the pneumatic recycling of said ground particles of larger size, comprising: (5.1) an evacuation conduit communicating with said evacuation means of said grinding device, and with said inlet of said classifying separator, (5.2) an introduction conduit communicating with said first outlet of said classifying collector, and with said introducing means of said grinding device, through a rotary distributor, and (5.3) gaseous circulation means for circulating cyclically a carrier gas from said evacuation means of said grinding device to said introducing means of said grinding device, through said evacuation conduit and said classifying separator; the improvement wherein said classifying separator comprises separating means for separating said ground particles from said carrier gas, and classifying means, distinct from said separating means, for separating said ground particles of larger size from said ground particles of smaller size, said separating means having said inlet for said ground particles, an outlet for said carrier gas, and an outlet communicating with an inlet of said classifying means, and said classifying means having said first and second outlets, said second outlet communicting directly with a recovery vessel for said ground particles of smaller size.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
19 words
evacuation means for said ground particles, in communication with a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact means,
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
19 words
evacuation means for said ground particles, in communication with a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact means,
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
19 words
EVACUATION MEANS FOR SAID GROUND PARTICLES, IN COMMUNICATION WITH A PERIPHERAL GRINDING ZONE, ADJACENT TO SAID ANNULAR IMPACT MEANS,
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
19 words
EVACUATION MEANS FOR SAID GROUND PARTICLES, IN COMMUNICATION WITH A PERIPHERAL GRINDING ZONE, ADJACENT TO SAID ANNULAR IMPACT MEANS,
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
93 words
A DRIVING SHAFT FOR SAID ROTOR PASSING THROUGH SAID WALL OF SAID GRINDING CHAMBER; THE IMPROVEMENT WHEREIN, IN COMBINATION: A.AT SAID EXTERNAL PROJECTION EXTREMITY, THE PROFILE OF SAID FRONT DISPLACEMENT SURFACE OF EACH SAID CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS FORMS AN ANGLE COMPRISED BETWEEN 0* AND 10* WITH SAID OUTER CIRCULR PERIPHERY OF SAID ROTOR, AND B. AT SAID INTERNAL EXTRACTION EXTERMITY, THE PROFILE OF SAID FRONT DISPLACEMENT SURFACE OF EACH SAID CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS FORMS AN ANGLE COMPRISED BETWEEN 0* AND 10* WITH THE INNER CIRCULAR PERIPHERY OF SAID AXIAL RECEIVING ZONE.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
93 words
A DRIVING SHAFT FOR SAID ROTOR PASSING THROUGH SAID WALL OF SAID GRINDING CHAMBER; THE IMPROVEMENT WHEREIN, IN COMBINATION: A.AT SAID EXTERNAL PROJECTION EXTREMITY, THE PROFILE OF SAID FRONT DISPLACEMENT SURFACE OF EACH SAID CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS FORMS AN ANGLE COMPRISED BETWEEN 0* AND 10* WITH SAID OUTER CIRCULR PERIPHERY OF SAID ROTOR, AND B. AT SAID INTERNAL EXTRACTION EXTERMITY, THE PROFILE OF SAID FRONT DISPLACEMENT SURFACE OF EACH SAID CENTRIFUGAL FLOW GUIDE MEANS FORMS AN ANGLE COMPRISED BETWEEN 0* AND 10* WITH THE INNER CIRCULAR PERIPHERY OF SAID AXIAL RECEIVING ZONE.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
21 words
a driving shaft for said rotor passing through said wall of said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein said apparatus further comprises:
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
21 words
a driving shaft for said rotor passing through said wall of said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein said apparatus further comprises:
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
36 words
means for transferring the ground particles from a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact means cooperating with one of said rotors, to said axial receiving zone of the next one of said rotors, and
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
36 words
means for transferring the ground particles from a peripheral grinding zone, adjacent to said annular impact means cooperating with one of said rotors, to said axial receiving zone of the next one of said rotors, and
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
30 words
Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said separating means have a closable orifice for the evacuation of said ground particles, communicating with a depressurizable recovery vessel for said ground particles.
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
64 words
a driving shaft for said rotor passing through said wall of said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein said front displacement surface of each said centrifugal flow guide means has a profile, from said internal extraction extremity to said external projection extremity, substantially close to the natural centrifuging trajectory of said particles to be ground under the working conditions of said rotor and said particles.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
64 words
a driving shaft for said rotor passing through said wall of said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein said front displacement surface of each said centrifugal flow guide means has a profile, from said internal extraction extremity to said external projection extremity, substantially close to the natural centrifuging trajectory of said particles to be ground under the working conditions of said rotor and said particles.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
94 words
a driving shaft for said rotor passing through said wall of said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein, in combination: a. at said external projection extremity, the profile of said front displacement surface of each said centrifugal flow guide means forms an angle comprised between 0* and 10* with said outer circular periphery of said rotor, and b. at said internal extraction extremity, the profile of said front displacement surface of each said centrifugal flow guide means forms an angle comprised between 0* and 10* with the inner circular periphery of said axial receiving zone.
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
94 words
a driving shaft for said rotor passing through said wall of said grinding chamber; the improvement wherein, in combination: a. at said external projection extremity, the profile of said front displacement surface of each said centrifugal flow guide means forms an angle comprised between 0* and 10* with said outer circular periphery of said rotor, and b. at said internal extraction extremity, the profile of said front displacement surface of each said centrifugal flow guide means forms an angle comprised between 0* and 10* with the inner circular periphery of said axial receiving zone.
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 112
Dependent Claim
58 words
a single driving shaft passing through the wall of said grinding chamber, on which each of said rotors is secured; the improvement wherein said rotors have respective radii increasing from said introducing means for said particles to be ground to said evacuation means for said ground particles, along the flow path of said particles within said grinding chamber.
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
58 words
a single driving shaft passing through the wall of said grinding chamber, on which each of said rotors is secured; the improvement wherein said rotors have respective radii increasing from said introducing means for said particles to be ground to said evacuation means for said ground particles, along the flow path of said particles within said grinding chamber.
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
32 words
at least one expansion turbine mounted on the driving shaft of said rotor, having an inlet for a gas under high pressure, and an outlet for a gas under low pressure, and
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
32 words
at least one expansion turbine mounted on the driving shaft of said rotor, having an inlet for a gas under high pressure, and an outlet for a gas under low pressure, and
Claim 116
Dependent Claim
128 words
a closed circuit for compression and expansion of said gas, comprising: - a compressor having an intake for said gas under said low pressure, and a delivery for said gas under high pressure, said intake and said delivery of said compressor communicating respectivelY with said outlet and said inlet of said expansion turbine, - said expansion turbine, - and at least one of the following elements: - a conduit for said gas expanded to said low pressure, located between said compressor intake and said turbine outlet, in heat exchange relationship with said introducing means for said particles to be ground - a conduit for said gas expanded to said low pressure, located between said compressor intake and said turbine outlet, in heat exchange relationship with said grinding chamber.
Claim 117
Dependent Claim
128 words
a closed circuit for compression and expansion of said gas, comprising: - a compressor having an intake for said gas under said low pressure, and a delivery for said gas under high pressure, said intake and said delivery of said compressor communicating respectivelY with said outlet and said inlet of said expansion turbine, - said expansion turbine, - and at least one of the following elements: - a conduit for said gas expanded to said low pressure, located between said compressor intake and said turbine outlet, in heat exchange relationship with said introducing means for said particles to be ground - a conduit for said gas expanded to said low pressure, located between said compressor intake and said turbine outlet, in heat exchange relationship with said grinding chamber.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
89 words
Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said apparatus works under an adjustable subatmospheric pressure, and so has the further following features: a. said intermediate hopper is depressurizable, b. said gaseous circulating means are vacuum-creating means, communicating on the one hand with said depressurizable intermediate hopper, and on the other hand through a filter with said recycling circuit and with said carrier gas separator, and c. said outlet for said ground particles of said carrier gas separator has a closable orifice communicating with a recovery vessel for said ground particles.
Claim 121
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 122
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
99 words
Apparatus according to claim 10, and a collection hopper disposed between said supplying means and said rotary distributor disposed between said supplying means and said introduction means of said grinding device, said collection hopper having a feed inlet for said particles to be ground communicating with said supplying means, a recycling inlet for said ground particles of larger size communicating with said introduction conduit, and an outlet for said particles to be grouNd communicating with said rotary distributor, whereby said introduction conduit communicates with said introducing means of said grinding device through said collection hopper and said rotary distributor.
Claim 124
Dependent Claim
170 words
Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said apparatus works under an adjustable subatmospheric pressure, and so has the further following features: a. said supplying means comprise a feed hopper under atmospheric pressure, and a depressurizable intermediate hopper, both disposed vertically, b. said intermediate depressurizable hopper is provided with closable upper and lower closure means, said upper closure means communicating with said feed hopper for the introduction of said particles to be ground, and said lower closure means communicating with said rotary distributor disposed between said supplying means and said introducing means of said grinding device, c. said gaseous circulating means are vacuum-creating means, communicating on the one hand with said intermediate hopper, and on the other hand through at least one filter and flow-rate adjusting means with said outlet for said carrier gas of said carrier gas separator, and d. said outlet for said ground particles of smaller size of said carrier gas separator has a closable orifice communicating with a recovery vessel for said ground particles of smaller size.
Claim 125
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
10 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material comprising:
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
16 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material, adapted to work at low temperature, comprising:
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
16 words
In an apparatus for grinding particles of solid material, adapted to work at low temperature, comprising:
Claim 129
Dependent Claim
49 words
In a method for grinding particles of solid material, utilizing a grinding apparatus comprising a grinding chamber, at least one centrifuging rotor disposed within said grinding chamber, and annular impact target means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding said rotor, said method comprising the following steps:
Claim 130
Dependent Claim
49 words
In a method for grinding particles of solid material, utilizing a grinding apparatus comprising a grinding chamber, at least one centrifuging rotor disposed within said grinding chamber, and annular impact target means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding said rotor, said method comprising the following steps:
Claim 131
Dependent Claim
49 words
In a method for grinding particles of solid material, utilizing a grinding apparatus comprising a grinding chamber, at least one centrifuging rotor disposed within said grinding chamber, and annular impact target means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding said rotor, said method comprising the following steps:
Claim 132
Dependent Claim
49 words
In a method for grinding particles of solid material, utilizing a grinding apparatus comprising a grinding chamber, at least one centrifuging rotor disposed within said grinding chamber, and annular impact target means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding said rotor, said method comprising the following steps:
Claim 133
Dependent Claim
49 words
In a method for grinding particles of solid material, utilizing a grinding apparatus comprising a grinding chamber, at least one centrifugiNg rotor disposed within said grinding chamber, and annular impact target means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding said rotor, said method comprising the following steps:
Claim 134
Dependent Claim
49 words
In a method for grinding particles of solid material, utilizing a grinding apparatus comprising a grinding chamber, at least one centrifugiNg rotor disposed within said grinding chamber, and annular impact target means disposed in said grinding chamber, cooperating with and surrounding said rotor, said method comprising the following steps:
Claim 135
Dependent Claim
85 words
A method according to claim 16, wherein: a. said particles to be ground are introduced into said grinding chamber through an introduction zone, b. a carrier gas is also introduced into said introduction zone towards said grinding chamber, said carrier gas circulating in cocurrent flow with respect to said particles to be ground, and c. the flow rate of said carrier gas is adjusted to regulate the absolute speed of reception of said particles to be ground onto said rotor, at said internal extraction extremity.
Claim 136
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 18, wherein an adjustable subatmospheric pressure is maintained at least in said introduction zone, and is comprised between 10 and 200 torrs.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US990633A
Cited
US1608717A
Cited
US3065919A
Cited
US3174697A
Cited
US3180582A
Cited
US3614001A
Cited
US3545683A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-03-03 | 1978-09-02 | 1979-03-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-03-03 | 1982-09-02 | 1983-03-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-03-03 | 1986-09-02 | 1987-03-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |