US3924260A
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Method and apparatus for suppression of noise in seismic data
Assignee: Halliburton Geophysical Services Inc
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Filing: 1974-06-27
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Granted: 1975-12-02
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Expires: 1994-06-27
Abstract
Abstract Method and apparatus for processing amplitude-normalized multichannel seismic data to reduce noise contaminated data in the recorded seismic record, wherein the gain factors associated with the normalized data are compared to corresponding reference gain factors on a per-channel time increment basis. When the gains applied in normalizing the data actually received on any channel differ by a predetermined amount from the corresponding reference gains, a reject command is generated and utilized to prevent, for a predetermined time, recording of the noise contaminated data for that channel. Although blocking the recorder input prevents recording the seismic data as well as the noise during the predetermined time, the utilization of conventional stacking techniques provides an overall seismic record of high quality.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert M Braham
- 👤 John W Keowski
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 09:39
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01V; G01V1/00; G01V1/24; G01V1/245
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
140 words
A method of suppressing noise in seismic data wherein received seismic signals are amplified by sample normalizing amplifier means which outputs corresponding data and gain factor signals for recording to generate a seismic record, comprising the steps of: receiving the gain factor output signals from the amplifier means a plurality of times during each discrete time increment of a seismic record time interval; generating a reference gain factor for each of the discrete time increments responsive to each of the sampled gain factors; comparing each sampled gain factor during subsequent time intervals to its corresponding reference gain factor; and blocking the recording of the data and gain factor signals output from the amplifier means for a sample time and a predetermined time thereafter whenever the corresponding reference gain factor exceeds the sampled gain factor by more than a predetermined amount.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
140 words
A method of suppressing noise in seismic data wherein received seismic signals are amplified by sample normalizing amplifier means which outputs corresponding data and gain factor signals for recording to generate a seismic record, comprising the steps of: receiving the gain factor output signals from the amplifier means a plurality of times during each discrete time increment of a seismic record time interval; generating a reference gain factor for each of the discrete time increments responsive to each of the sampled gain factors; comparing each sampled gain factor during subsequent time intervals to its corresponding reference gain factor; and blocking the recording of the data and gain factor signals output from the amplifier means for a sample time and a predetermined time thereafter whenever the corresponding reference gain factor exceeds the sampled gain factor by more than a predetermined amount.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of suppressing noise in seismic data as recited in claim 1, including the steps of determining the difference between the respective reference and sampled gain factors and updating the reference gain factors by a predetermined amount for the corresponding time increments responsive to said differences.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
64 words
The method of suppressing noise in seismic data as recited in claim 2, including the steps of sampling the data signals output from the amplifier means for each time increment, verifying the gain factor applied to each such data signal by the amplifier means, and generating an adjusted sampled gain factor for comparison with the corresponding reference gain factor to correct for amplifier errors.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of suppressing noise in seismic data as recited in claim 3, including the step of blocking the updating of reference gain factors for a predetermined time whenever the reference gain factor exceeds the corresponding sampled gain factor by more than a predetermined amount.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
275 words
A method of suppressing noise in seismic data wherein a plurality of successive seismic impulses are generated at a first location, the resulting seismic signals are received at a second location over intervals of time, and each of the received seismic signals is amplified by sample normalizing amplifier means to output corresponding data signals and gain factor signals for summation by field summing recording means to generate a stacked seismic record, comprising the steps of: a. receiving the gain factor signals output from the amplifier means at a plurality of discrete time increments during the first time interval; b. generating a first reference gain factor for each of the time increments of the first time interval responsive to the corresponding sampled gain factors; c. comparing each of the gain factors sampled during the next time interval with the corresponding reference gain factors to determine the gain factor difference for each time increment of the next time interval; d. generating subsequent reference gain factors for each time increment of the next time interval, each next reference gain factor reflecting the gain factor difference for the conrresponding time increment of the preceeding time interval; e. comparing each of the gain factors sampled during the next time interval with the corresponding reference gain factor to determine the gain factor difference for updating that reference gain factor; f. blocking the recording of the data and gain factor signals in the summing recorder means for a sample time and a predetermined time thereafter whenever the reference gain factor exceeds the corresponding sampled gain factor by more than a predetermined amount; and g. repeating steps (c)-(f) for each subsequent time interval.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
275 words
A method of suppressing noise in seismic data wherein a plurality of successive seismic impulses are generated at a first location, the resulting seismic signals are received at a second location over intervals of time, and each of the received seismic signals is amplified by sample normalizing amplifier means to output corresponding data signals and gain factor signals for summation by field summing recording means to generate a stacked seismic record, comprising the steps of: a. receiving the gain factor signals output from the amplifier means at a plurality of discrete time increments during the first time interval; b. generating a first reference gain factor for each of the time increments of the first time interval responsive to the corresponding sampled gain factors; c. comparing each of the gain factors sampled during the next time interval with the corresponding reference gain factors to determine the gain factor difference for each time increment of the next time interval; d. generating subsequent reference gain factors for each time increment of the next time interval, each next reference gain factor reflecting the gain factor difference for the conrresponding time increment of the preceeding time interval; e. comparing each of the gain factors sampled during the next time interval with the corresponding reference gain factor to determine the gain factor difference for updating that reference gain factor; f. blocking the recording of the data and gain factor signals in the summing recorder means for a sample time and a predetermined time thereafter whenever the reference gain factor exceeds the corresponding sampled gain factor by more than a predetermined amount; and g. repeating steps (c)-(f) for each subsequent time interval.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
64 words
The method of suppressing noise in seismic data as recited in claim 5, including the steps of sampling the data signals output from the amplifier means for each time increment, verifying the gain factor applied to each such data signal by the amplifier means, and generating an adjusted sampled gain factor for comparison with the corresponding reference gain factor to correct for amplifier errors.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of suppressing noise in seismic data as recited in claim 6, including the step of blocking the updating of reference gain factors for a predetermined time whenever the reference gain factor exceeds the corresponding sampled gain factor by more than a predetermined amount.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
270 words
Apparatus for suppressing noise in a seismic data output from sample normalizing amplifier means as corresponding data signals and gain factor signals for recording by seismic record generating means, comprising in combination: input means for receiving the gain factor signals output from the amplifier means at a plurality of discrete time increments; first memory means operatively coupled to the input means for storing the lowest gain factor received during each time increment; peak detector means operatively coupled to the input means and to the first memory means for comparing the received gain factors with the corresponding gain factors stored in the first memory means and for replacing the stored gain factor with the sampled gain factor whenever the received gain factor is less than the stored gain factor; second memory means for storing a reference gain factor for each time increment; reference generator means operatively coupled to the first and second memory means for generating a reference gain factor responsive to the corresponding gain factor stored in the first memory means and for storing the reference gain factor at a corresponding location in the second memory means; reject detector means operatively coupled to the input means and to the second memory means for comparing the received gain factors with the corresponding reference gain factors and for generating a reject command whenever the reference gain factor exceeds the inputted gain factor by more than a predetermined amount; and reject time generator means operatively coupled to the reject detector means for generating an extended reject command of predetermined duration responsive to the output of a reject command from the reject detector means.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
270 words
Apparatus for suppressing noise in a seismic data output from sample normalizing amplifier means as corresponding data signals and gain factor signals for recording by seismic record generating means, comprising in combination: input means for receiving the gain factor signals output from the amplifier means at a plurality of discrete time increments; first memory means operatively coupled to the input means for storing the lowest gain factor received during each time increment; peak detector means operatively coupled to the input means and to the first memory means for comparing the received gain factors with the corresponding gain factors stored in the first memory means and for replacing the stored gain factor with the sampled gain factor whenever the received gain factor is less than the stored gain factor; second memory means for storing a reference gain factor for each time increment; reference generator means operatively coupled to the first and second memory means for generating a reference gain factor responsive to the corresponding gain factor stored in the first memory means and for storing the reference gain factor at a corresponding location in the second memory means; reject detector means operatively coupled to the input means and to the second memory means for comparing the received gain factors with the corresponding reference gain factors and for generating a reject command whenever the reference gain factor exceeds the inputted gain factor by more than a predetermined amount; and reject time generator means operatively coupled to the reject detector means for generating an extended reject command of predetermined duration responsive to the output of a reject command from the reject detector means.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
48 words
Apparatus for suppressing noise in seismic data as recited in claim 8, wherein the input means includes gain adjust means for verifying the gain factor applied to each data signal by the amplifier means and generating an adjusted received gain factor responsive to detection of an amplifier error.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
52 words
Apparatus for suppressing noise in seismic data as recited in claim 9, wherein the reject detector means is operatively coupled to the peak detectOr means for inputting the reject command to the peak detector means to prevent the replacement of the corresponding stored gain factor when the received gain factor is rejected.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
53 words
Apparatus for suppressing noise in seismic data as recited in claim 9, wherein the reject time generator means is operatively coupled to the reference generator means for supplying the extended reject command to the reference generator means to disable the generation of reference gain factors for the duration of the extended reject command.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-12-01 | 1979-06-02 | 1979-12-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-12-01 | 1983-06-02 | 1983-12-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-12-01 | 1987-06-02 | 1987-12-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |