US4012296A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Electrode for electrolytic processes
Assignee: Occidental Chemical Corp
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Filing: 1975-10-30
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Granted: 1977-03-15
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Expires: 1995-10-30
Abstract
Abstract An electrode, for use in electrolytic processes, especially as an anode for use in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides, comprises a valve metal substrate coated on at least a portion of the surface thereof with a mixed oxide of hafnium and ruthenium wherein the molar ratio of ruthenium:hafnium is from about 0.25 to about 4.0.
Inventors
- 👤 Donald E. Stephens
- 👤 Tilak V. Bommaraju
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 15:13
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25B; C25B1/00; C25B1/01; C25B1/34; C25B1/46; C25B11/00; C25B11/04; C25B11/051; C25B11/073; C25B11/091; C25B11/093
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 13
Claim 1
Independent Claim
46 words
An electrode comprising a valve metal substrate having adhered thereto and extending over at least a portion of the surface thereof a coating consisting essentially of a mixed oxide of ruthenium and hafnium wherein the molar ratio of ruthenium:hafnium is from about 0.25 to about 4.0.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
46 words
An electrode comprising a valve metal substrate having adhered thereto and extending over at least a portion of the surface thereof a coating consisting essentially of a mixed oxide of ruthenium and hafnium wherein the molar ratio of ruthenium:hafnium is from about 0.25 to about 4.0.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
An electrode according to claim 1 wherein the valve metal substrate is titanium.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrode according to claim 2 wherein the molar ratio of ruthenium:hafnium is from about 0.3 to about 3.0.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
66 words
An electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides which comprises an anode and a cathode, said anode comprising a valve metal substrate having adhered thereto and extending over at least a portion of the surface thereof, a coating consisting essentially of a mixed oxide of ruthenium and hafnium wherein the molar ratio of ruthenium:hafnium is from about 0.25 to about 4.0.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
66 words
An electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides which comprises an anode and a cathode, said anode comprising a valve metal substrate having adhered thereto and extending over at least a portion of the surface thereof, a coating consisting essentially of a mixed oxide of ruthenium and hafnium wherein the molar ratio of ruthenium:hafnium is from about 0.25 to about 4.0.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrolytic cell according to claim 4 wherein said substrate is titanium.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
An electrolytic cell according to claim 5 wherein the anode and cathode are separated by a diaphragm.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
61 words
An electrolytic cell according to Claim 5 wherein the anode and cathode are separated by a cation-active permselective membrane diaphragm substantially impervious to liquids and gases and composed essentially of a hydrolyzed copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and a sulfonated perfluorovinyl ether having the formula FSO.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 OCF(CF.sub.3)CF.sub.2 OCF=CF.sub.2 said copolymer having an equivalent weight of from about 900 to about 1600.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
74 words
In a method of electrolyzing aqueous solutions of an alkali metal chloride wherein chlorine is liberated at the anode, the improvement which comprises using as said anode, a composite structure comprising a valve metal substrate having adhered thereto and extending over at least a portion of the surface thereof, a coating consisting essentially of a mixed oxide of ruthenium and hafnium wherein the molar ratio of ruthenium:hafnium is from about 0.25 to about 4.0.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
74 words
In a method of electrolyzing aqueous solutions of an alkali metal chloride wherein chlorine is liberated at the anode, the improvement which comprises using as said anode, a composite structure comprising a valve metal substrate having adhered thereto and extending over at least a portion of the surface thereof, a coating consisting essentially of a mixed oxide of ruthenium and hafnium wherein the molar ratio of ruthenium:hafnium is from about 0.25 to about 4.0.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 8 wherein said valve metal substrate is titanium.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 9 wherein the molar ratio of ruthenium:hafnium is from about 0.3 to about 3.0.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-03-14 | 1980-09-13 | 1981-03-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-03-14 | 1984-09-13 | 1985-03-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-03-14 | 1988-09-13 | 1989-03-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |