US4119082A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Subaqueous heater apparatus
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1977-03-25
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Granted: 1978-10-10
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Expires: 1997-03-25
Abstract
Abstract A subaqueous heater apparatus of simple construction adapted for use by a human diver who in underwater activities needs to maintain his vital warmth. The apparatus contains uncombined calcium which under the gradual, controlled supply of water effects chemical reaction with evolution of heat. The supply of such water into the apparatus by capillary action is so controlled that the apparatus serves as an optimum body-warmer to the diver.
Inventors
- 👤 Katsuya Miyamori
- 👤 Toru Murai
- 👤 Osamu Shitamori
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 02:22
CPC Classifications
B; B63; B63C; B63C11/00; B63C11/02; B63C11/28; F; F24; F24V; F24V30/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
85 words
A subaqueous heater apparatus, comprising: a generally water-tight container; a substance within said container that will exothermically chemically react with water; a water absorbent member within said container and in contact with said substance; and means to supply said absorbent member in the container with water from outside the container by capillary action, so that the heat evolved upon the chemical reaction between said substance and water supplied to said absorbent member by said means is used as the heat source for the heater apparatus.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
85 words
A subaqueous heater apparatus, comprising: a generally water-tight container; a substance within said container that will exothermically chemically react with water; a water absorbent member within said container and in contact with said substance; and means to supply said absorbent member in the container with water from outside the container by capillary action, so that the heat evolved upon the chemical reaction between said substance and water supplied to said absorbent member by said means is used as the heat source for the heater apparatus.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
40 words
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said container includes at least one wall constructed of elastomeric material so as to provide an expansible chamber within said container having therein the substance to compensate for volumetric changes during the chemical reaction.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
43 words
The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said means includes a wicking material extending through said container and being in contact with said absorbent member within said container at one end and open to the environment exterior of said container at its opposite end.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
43 words
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said means includes a wicking material extending through said container and being in contact with said absorbent member within said container at one end and open to the environment exterior of said container at its opposite end.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
128 words
A subaqueous heater apparatus, comprising: a generally water-tight container; uncombined calcium within said container that will exothermically react with water to produce heat and hydrogen gas; a water absorbent member within said container and in contact with said uncombined calcium; said container having a hydrogen gas outlet formed to discharge externally the hydrogen gases evolved through the reaction between said uncombined calcium and water; and capillary means for automatically trasmitting water from outside said container to said absorbent member within said container so that hydrogen gases evolved in the chemical reaction betwen water supplied to the absorbent member by said capillary means and said uncombined calcium is discharged from said hydrogen outlet while heat evolved upon said reaction is used as a heat source for the heater apparatus.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
128 words
A subaqueous heater apparatus, comprising: a generally water-tight container; uncombined calcium within said container that will exothermically react with water to produce heat and hydrogen gas; a water absorbent member within said container and in contact with said uncombined calcium; said container having a hydrogen gas outlet formed to discharge externally the hydrogen gases evolved through the reaction between said uncombined calcium and water; and capillary means for automatically trasmitting water from outside said container to said absorbent member within said container so that hydrogen gases evolved in the chemical reaction betwen water supplied to the absorbent member by said capillary means and said uncombined calcium is discharged from said hydrogen outlet while heat evolved upon said reaction is used as a heat source for the heater apparatus.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
40 words
The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said container provides at least in part a volume expanding means of elastomeric material to compensate for volumetric expansio attained by said uncombined calcium being replaced with calcium hydroxide during the reaction with water.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said volume expanding means is one wall of said container being constructed of elastomeric material.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
39 words
The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said capillary means is a wick extending through said container andin contact at one end with said absorbent member and at its opposite end being exposed to the environment exterior of said container.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
65 words
The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said container has a peripheral side wall, and further including an aperatured partition wall separating said uncombined calcium from said peripheral side wall and being spaced from said peripheral side wall to provide a peripheral chamber for collecting hydrogen gases passing through the aperatures of said partition; said hydrogen outlet being in direct fluid communication with said peripheral chamber.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
40 words
The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said capillary means is a wick extending through said container and in contact at one end with said absorbent member and at its opposite end being exposed to the environment exterior of said container.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-10-09 | 1982-04-10 | 1982-10-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-10-09 | 1986-04-10 | 1986-10-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-10-09 | 1990-04-10 | 1990-10-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |