Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 52
Claim 1
Independent Claim
139 words
A method of making an optically black surface having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, comprising the steps of (a) Milling the following mixture of ingredients for up to about 25 minutes: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount (% by weight)
______________________________________
Alkali metal silicate
13-21
Black metal 17-27
oxide pigment
Kaolin 0-5
Mica 0-3
Water 50-70
______________________________________ (b) Coating the surface to be rendered optically black (1) by applying at least four coats of an inorganic composition comprising alkali metal silicate and metal oxide pigment composition, and (2) by spraying at least the last two surface coatings, said last two surface coatings being said mixture, and (c) Drying at least the coats prior to the last two coats, before applying the last two coats.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
139 words
A method of making an optically black surface having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, comprising the steps of (a) Milling the following mixture of ingredients for up to about 25 minutes: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount (% by weight)
______________________________________
Alkali metal silicate
13-21
Black metal 17-27
oxide pigment
Kaolin 0-5
Mica 0-3
Water 50-70
______________________________________ (b) Coating the surface to be rendered optically black (1) by applying at least four coats of an inorganic composition comprising alkali metal silicate and metal oxide pigment composition, and (2) by spraying at least the last two surface coatings, said last two surface coatings being said mixture, and (c) Drying at least the coats prior to the last two coats, before applying the last two coats.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the alkali metal silicate is in the form of an alkali metal silicate solution.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said alkali metal silicate is selected from the group comprising sodium silicate, potassium silicate and lithium silicate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said alkali metal silicate is selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate and potassium silicate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
64 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said alkali metal silicate is selected from the group comprising sodium silicate solution wherein the percentage weight ratio of Na 2 O to SiO 2 is in the range of 1:2.40 to 1:3.75, and potassium silicate solution wherein the percentage weight ratio of K 2 O to SiO 2 is in the range of 1:2.10 to 1:2.50.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said pigment comprises at least one black metal oxide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said pigment comprises a mixture of the black oxides of magnesium, copper and iron.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said drying step comprises drying for a period of between about 2 to about 4 hours at ambient temperature and humidity conditions, drying for between about 3 to 5 minutes at between about 150° F. and 180° F. and up to 70% relative humidity, or combinations thereof.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the surface to be rendered optically black is selected from the group comprising metal, glass and porcelain.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the surface is a metal surface selected from the group comprising steel, copper and aluminum.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 including the further step of pretreating the surface prior to coating it with said mixture.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method according to claim 12 wherein said further step comprises cleaning said surface and, when said surface is metal, subjecting the surface to etching, vapor honing, sand blasting or combinations thereof.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said mixture is ball milled for a period of between about 10 minutes and 20 minutes.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said ball milling is done using 1/2 inch diameter by 1/2 inch long porcelain or ceramic cylinders or 1/2 to 1 inch porcelain or ceramic balls.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said alkali metal silicate and pigment composition comprises said mixture ball milled for about 3 to about 4 hours.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said alkali metal silicate and pigment composition comprises the following: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount (% by weight)
______________________________________
Alkali metal silicate
5-21
Black pigment 17-27
Kaolin 0-5
Mica 0-3
Water 50-70
______________________________________
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said alkali metal silicate and pigment composition comprises said mixture.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
37 words
An optically black surface, having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, made in accordance with the method of claim 1.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said mixture comprises the following: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount
______________________________________
Sodium silicate solution
200 milliliters
Black pigment comprised of the
black oxides of Fe, Cu & Mn
175 grams
Water 225 milliliters
______________________________________
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
37 words
An optically black surface, having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, made in accordance with the method of claim 20.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said mixture comprises the following: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount
______________________________________
Potassium silicate solution
280 ml
Black pigment comprised of the
black oxides of Fe, Cu & Mn
168 grams
Water 170 ml
______________________________________
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
37 words
An optically black surface, having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, made in accordance with the method of claim 22.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
218 words
A method of making an optically black surface having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, comprising the steps of: (a) Ball milling a mixture of the following ingredients for a period of about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes until the mixture has achieved a sprayable consistency: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount
______________________________________
Sodium silicate solution
270-290 milliliters
Black pigment 160-170 grams
Water 160-180 milliliters,
______________________________________ wherein said sodium silicate solution has a percentage weight ratio of Na 2 O to SiO 2 in the range of 1:2.40 to 1:3.75 and comprises about 50% to 70% by weight H 2 O, and said black pigment comprises the substantially black oxides of manganese, copper and iron, (b) Treating the surface to be rendered optically black in a manner which will enhance the bonding of the silicate coating to said surface, and (c) Coating the surface to be rendered optically black (1) by applyng at least five coats of an inorganic composition comprising alkali metal silicate and metal oxide pigment composition, and (2) by spraying at least the last two coats, said coats being said mixture, and (d) Drying at least the coats prior to the two last coats before applyng the last two coats.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
218 words
A method of making an optically black surface having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, comprising the steps of: (a) Ball milling a mixture of the following ingredients for a period of about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes until the mixture has achieved a sprayable consistency: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount
______________________________________
Sodium silicate solution
270-290 milliliters
Black pigment 160-170 grams
Water 160-180 milliliters,
______________________________________ wherein said sodium silicate solution has a percentage weight ratio of Na 2 O to SiO 2 in the range of 1:2.40 to 1:3.75 and comprises about 50% to 70% by weight H 2 O, and said black pigment comprises the substantially black oxides of manganese, copper and iron, (b) Treating the surface to be rendered optically black in a manner which will enhance the bonding of the silicate coating to said surface, and (c) Coating the surface to be rendered optically black (1) by applyng at least five coats of an inorganic composition comprising alkali metal silicate and metal oxide pigment composition, and (2) by spraying at least the last two coats, said coats being said mixture, and (d) Drying at least the coats prior to the two last coats before applyng the last two coats.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
37 words
An optically black surface, having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, made in accordance with the method of claim 24.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
235 words
A method of making an optically black surface having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, comprising the steps of: (a) Milling the following mixture of ingredients for a period of up to about 3 hours: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount (% by weight)
______________________________________
Alkali metal silicate
13 to 21
Kaolin 0 to 5
Mica 0 to 3
Water 50 to 70,
______________________________________ (b) Adding black metal oxide pigment in an amount of between about 17 and 27% by weight based upon the total weight of the mixture to the mixture of step (a) and continuing the ball milling for an additional period of up to 25 minutes, (c) Preparing said surface by treating said surface in a manner which will enhance the adhesion of the silicate coating to the surface, (d) Coating the surface to be rendered optically black (1) by applying at least five coats of an inorganic composition comprising alkali metal silicate and metal oxide pigment composition, and (2) by spraying at least the last two coats, said last two coats comprising said mixture, (e) Drying at least the coats prior to the last two coats, prior to coating on said last two coats, and (f) Heating the coating to a temperature of between about 250° C. and 350° C. for about 15 minutes to 30 minutes.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
235 words
A method of making an optically black surface having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, comprising the steps of: (a) Milling the following mixture of ingredients for a period of up to about 3 hours: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount (% by weight)
______________________________________
Alkali metal silicate
13 to 21
Kaolin 0 to 5
Mica 0 to 3
Water 50 to 70,
______________________________________ (b) Adding black metal oxide pigment in an amount of between about 17 and 27% by weight based upon the total weight of the mixture to the mixture of step (a) and continuing the ball milling for an additional period of up to 25 minutes, (c) Preparing said surface by treating said surface in a manner which will enhance the adhesion of the silicate coating to the surface, (d) Coating the surface to be rendered optically black (1) by applying at least five coats of an inorganic composition comprising alkali metal silicate and metal oxide pigment composition, and (2) by spraying at least the last two coats, said last two coats comprising said mixture, (e) Drying at least the coats prior to the last two coats, prior to coating on said last two coats, and (f) Heating the coating to a temperature of between about 250° C. and 350° C. for about 15 minutes to 30 minutes.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said alkali metal silicate and pigment composition comprises said mixture.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said mica comprises water white mica having a particle size of about 325 mesh.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein the alkali metal silicate is in the form of an alkali metal silicate solution.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said alkali metal silicate is selected from the group comprising sodium silicate, potassium silicate and lithium silicate.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said alkali metal silicate is selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate and potassium silicate.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
64 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said alkali metal silicate is selected from the group comprising sodium silicate solution wherein the percentage weight ratio of Na 2 O to SiO 2 is in the range of 1:2.40 to 1:3.75, and potassium silicate solution wherein the percentage weight ratio of K 2 O to SiO 2 is in the range of 1:2.10 to 1:2.50.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said pigment comprises at least one black metal oxide.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said pigment comprises a mixture of the black oxides of magnesium, copper and iron.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
53 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said drying step comprises drying for a period of about 2 to about 4 hours at ambient temperature and humidity conditions, drying for between about 3 to 5 minutes at between about 150° F. and 180° F. and up to 70% relative humidity, or combinations thereof.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein the surface to be rendered optically black is selected from the group comprising metal, glass and porcelain.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein the surface is a metal surface selected from the group comprising steel, copper and aluminum.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 26 including the further step of pretreating the surface prior to coating it with said mixture.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said further step comprises cleaning said surface and, when said surface is metal, subjecting the surface to etching or vapor honing.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said mixture is ball milled for a period of between about 10 minutes and 20 minutes.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said ball milling is done using 1/2 inch diameter by 1/2 inch long porcelain cylinders or 1/2 inch to 1 inch porcelain balls.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
37 words
An optically black surface, having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, made in accordance with the method of claim 26.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said mixture comprises the following: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount
______________________________________
Sodium silicate solution
100 ml
Black pigment comprised of the
black oxides of Fe, Cu & Mn
75 grams
Kaolin 10 grams
Water 120 ml
______________________________________
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
37 words
An optically black surface, having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, made in accordance with the method of claim 44.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said mixture comprises the following: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount
______________________________________
Sodium silicate solution
150 ml
Black pigment comprised of the
black oxides of Fe, Cu & Mn
110 grams
Kaolin 18 grams
Mica 8 grams
Water 100 ml
______________________________________
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
37 words
An optically black surface, having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, made in accordance with the method of claim 46.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method according to claim 26 wherein said mixture comprises the following: ______________________________________
Ingredient Amount
______________________________________
Sodium silicate solution
150-170 ml
Black pigment comprised of the
black oxides of Fe, Cu & Mn
120-140 grams
Kaolin 5-15 grams
Mica 5-15 grams
Water 120-130 ml
______________________________________
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
37 words
An optically black surface, having a low reflectance of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the solar spectrum, a relatively high heat resistance, and a relatively low amount of off-gassing, made in accordance with the method of claim 48.