US4126524A
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US
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Silver complex, method of making said complex and method and electrolyte containing said complex for electroplating silver and silver alloys
Assignee: Technic Inc
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Filing: 1976-03-01
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Granted: 1978-11-21
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Expires: 1996-03-01
Abstract
Abstract A non-cyanide silver and silver-alloy electroplating bath composed of silver salts with imides of organic dicarboxylic acids which form a useful complex. Alloy deposits of silver with up to 5 percent of Copper, Cadmium, Gold, Antimony, Palladium and similar related metals can be prepared.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward Hradil
- 👤 Hana Hradil
- 👤 Alfred M. Weisberg
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 02:12
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/46
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 49
Claim 1
Independent Claim
21 words
A reaction product of a water-soluble silver-salt and pyrrolidine-2,5-dione or a 3-pyrroline 2,5-dione to form a complex which is itself water-soluble.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
21 words
A reaction product of a water-soluble silver-salt and pyrrolidine-2,5-dione or a 3-pyrroline 2,5-dione to form a complex which is itself water-soluble.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
107 words
In an aqueous electrolytic solution having a pH of 6 to 14, and free of cyanide, for use in electrodeposition of silver and silver alloys, the improvement that comprises a water-soluble silver complex formed from the reaction of a silver salt and an organic complexing agent selected from a pyrrolidine-2,5 dione of the formula: ##STR2## a 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R is, in each instance of its occurrence in each of the foregoing formulae, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy moiety, said alkyl or alkoxy moiety containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
107 words
In an aqueous electrolytic solution having a pH of 6 to 14, and free of cyanide, for use in electrodeposition of silver and silver alloys, the improvement that comprises a water-soluble silver complex formed from the reaction of a silver salt and an organic complexing agent selected from a pyrrolidine-2,5 dione of the formula: ##STR2## a 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R is, in each instance of its occurrence in each of the foregoing formulae, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy moiety, said alkyl or alkoxy moiety containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
An aqueous electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 2 wherein said silver salt is present in a ratio of one mole equivalent thereof to at least two moles of said organic complexing agent.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 3 wherein said silver salt is present in a ratio of one mole thereof to two moles of said complexing agent.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
An aqueous electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 2 wherein said organic complexing agent is a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
A aqueous electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 5 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is succinimide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
An aqueous electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 2 wherein said organic complexing agent is a 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
An aqueous electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 7 wherein said 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione is maleimide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
An aqueous cyanide-free electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of silver and silver alloys comprising:
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
An aqueous cyanide-free electroplating bath for the electrodeposition of silver and silver alloys comprising:
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
92 words
a water-soluble silver complex formed by reaction of a silver salt with an organic complexing agent selected from a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR4## a 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R is, in each instance of its occurrence in each of the foregoing formulae, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy moiety; said alkyl or alkoxy moiety containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and at least one brightener component; said bath having a pH from 6 to 14 inclusive.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
92 words
a water-soluble silver complex formed by reaction of a silver salt with an organic complexing agent selected from a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR4## a 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R is, in each instance of its occurrence in each of the foregoing formulae, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy moiety; said alkyl or alkoxy moiety containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and at least one brightener component; said bath having a pH from 6 to 14 inclusive.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is succinimide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
18 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 10 wherein at least one brightener component is present.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 11 wherein said brightener component is an amine or polyamine.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 18 wherein said bath includes a water-soluble alloying metal.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 13 wherein said bath includes as a principal brightener, an amine or polyamine.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
15 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione is maleimide.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is 3-methyl-3-ethyl succinimide.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is 3-methyl succinimide.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is 3-ethyl succinimide.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
16 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl succinimide.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is 3,3,4-trimethyl succinimide.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
16 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is 3,3-dimethyl succinimide.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
17 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free, electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is 3-methyl ethyl succinimide.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
37 words
An aqueous cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said silver is present in a ratio of one mole equivalent thereof to at least 2 moles of said organic complexing agent; said complex being water-soluble.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
23 words
An aqueous cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said bath includes as a principal brightener component, an amine or polyamine.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
77 words
An aqueous cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 24 wherein said bath includes a conductivity salt containing as its anionic constituent NO 2 - , OH - , NO 3 - , F - , CO 3 -- , HCO 3 - , PO 4 --- , HPO 4 -- , H 2 PO 4 - , SO 3 -- , SO 4 -- , HSO 4 - , or NH 2 SO 3 - .
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
31 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 24 wherein said principal brightener component is present in said bath in a concentration of 0.001 gram to 50 grams per liter.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
21 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 26 wherein said brightener is an alkylene polyamine or a polyalkylene polyamine.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
33 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said bath includes a water-soluble salt of a metallic brightener or an alloying metal selected from copper, cadmium, gold, palladium or antimony.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
47 words
An aqueous cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein the molar ratio of silver to said succinimide is 1:2 respectively; and the concentration of silver present in said bath in the form of its succinimide complex is from 5 grams to 100 grams per liter.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
25 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 9 wherein said bath includes as a basic component, an alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
18 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 30 wherein said basic component is alkali metal hydroxide.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
17 words
An aqueous, cyanide-free electroplating bath as claimed in claim 30 wherein said basic component is ammonium hydroxide.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
125 words
In a process for the electrodeposition of silver and silver alloys by passing an electric current to a cathode to be plated, the improvement that comprises passing said current through an electroplating bath that comprises an aqueous solution having a pH of from 6 to 14 inclusive of a water-soluble silver complex formed by reaction of a silver salt and an organic complexing agent selected from a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione of the general formula: ##STR6## a 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR7## wherein R is, in each instance of its occurrence in each of the foregoing formulae, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy moiety, said alkyl or alkoxy moiety containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
125 words
In a process for the electrodeposition of silver and silver alloys by passing an electric current to a cathode to be plated, the improvement that comprises passing said current through an electroplating bath that comprises an aqueous solution having a pH of from 6 to 14 inclusive of a water-soluble silver complex formed by reaction of a silver salt and an organic complexing agent selected from a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione of the general formula: ##STR6## a 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR7## wherein R is, in each instance of its occurrence in each of the foregoing formulae, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy moiety, said alkyl or alkoxy moiety containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process as claimed in claim 33 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is succinimide.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process as claimed in claim 33 wherein said 3-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is maleimide.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
77 words
The process that comprises reacting one mole of a silver salt with at least two moles of a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR8## a 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR9## where, in each of the foregoing formulae, R is, in each instance of its occurrence, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy radical; each of said alkyl and alkoxy radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
77 words
The process that comprises reacting one mole of a silver salt with at least two moles of a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR8## a 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR9## where, in each of the foregoing formulae, R is, in each instance of its occurrence, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy radical; each of said alkyl and alkoxy radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process as claimed in claim 36 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is succinimide.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process as claimed in claim 36 wherein said 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione is maleimide.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
88 words
A complex of silver and, as a complexing agent, a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR10## a --pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR11## where, in each of the foregoing formulae, R is, in each instance of its occurrence, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy radical; each of said alkyl and alkoxy radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; formed by reaction of one mole of a silver salt with at least two moles of said complexing agent.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
88 words
A complex of silver and, as a complexing agent, a pyrrolidine-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR10## a --pyrroline-2,5-dione of the formula: ##STR11## where, in each of the foregoing formulae, R is, in each instance of its occurrence, the same or different from its other instances of occurrence, and is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkoxy radical; each of said alkyl and alkoxy radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; formed by reaction of one mole of a silver salt with at least two moles of said complexing agent.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
12 words
A complex as claimed in claim 39 wherein said pyrrolidine-2,5-dione is succinimide.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
12 words
A complex as claimed in claim 39 wherein said 3-pyrroline-2,5-dione is maleimide.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-11-20 | 1982-05-22 | 1982-11-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-11-20 | 1986-05-22 | 1986-11-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-11-20 | 1990-05-22 | 1990-11-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |