US4169737A — Intrachromospheruloid/intraleuco-spheruloid pigme…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 919 words

A process for producing intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition, which process comprises, in combination: (I) preparing an intrachromospheruloid pigment composition by (a) providing in liquid medium a particulate organic pigment composition consisting essentially of organic color pigment composition dispersed in said medium with the aid of 0-100% by weight of the total of surface active agent material set forth in (c), said organic color pigment composition being essentially insoluble in the liquid and having primary particles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter, (b) forming an aqueous emulsion polymerization system consisting essentially of (1) the composition of (a), (2) the balance, if any, of 100% of the total of surface active agent material set forth in (c) and (3) monomer material selected in the ratio of said monomer material to said pigment composition lying in the range of 100:1 to 1:20 by weight, said monomer material consisting essentially of monomer material selected as set forth in step (III) and (4) emulsion polymerization initiator in an effective amount in the range of 0.2 to 10% by weight of the said monomer material, (c) the ratio of the total of the surface active agent material present after (b) to said particulate pigment composition and monomer material lying in the range of 2:1 to 1:40 by weight, and said total of surface active agent material being selected from the class of polymeric and nonpolymeric surface active agent and combinations thereof capable of effecting emulsion polymerization of the selected ethylenically unsaturated monomer material to yield polymer particles with the pigment provided in step (a) imbedded therein, (d) effecting emulsion polymerization of the combination formed in (b) under agitation and at sufficient temperatures in the range of 0° to 200° C. for sufficient time in the range of a few minutes to 24 hours to permit the polymerization to proceed far enough to effect from 50 to 100% conversion by weight of said monomer material to produce in aqueous dispersion an intrachromospheruloid pigment consisting essentially of spheruloids of organic polymer material cross-linked to insolubility in any physical solvent, having primary particles of an average size not exceeding 4 microns in diameter, and having imbedded therein the still smaller size particles of said particulate organic color pigment composition. (II) preparing an intraleucospheruloid pigment composition by (a') providing in liquid medium a particulate pigment composition consisting essentially of inorganic pigment composition dispersed in said liquid medium with 0-100% by weight of the total of surface active agent material set forth in (c'), said inorganic pigment composition being made up of one or more members selected from the class consisting of the opaque white pigments and the transparent white pigments having refractive indicies different from that of the cross-linked organic polymer formed in step (d') and said inorganic pigment composition having primary particles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter; (b') forming an aqueous emulsion polymerization system consisting essentially of (1) the composition of (a'), (2) the balance, if any, of 100% of the total of surface active agent material set forth in (c') and (3) monomer material selected in the ratio of said monomer material to said pigment composition in (a') lying in the range of 100:1 to 1:20 by weight, said monomer material consisting essentially of ethylenically unsaturated monomer material selected as set forth in step (III), and (4) emulsion polymerization initiator in an effective amount in the range of 0.2 to 10% by weight of the monomer material present, (c') the ratio of the total of the surface active agent material present after (b') to the particulate pigment composition and monomer material present lying in the range of 2:1 to 1:40 by weight, and said total of surface active agent material being selected from the class of polymeric and nonpolymeric surface active agents and combinations thereof capable of effecting emulsion polymerization of the selected ethylenically unsaturated monomer material present to yield polymer particles with the pigment provided in step (a') imbedded therein, (d') effecting emulsion polymerization of the combination formed in (b') under agitation and at sufficient temperatures in the range of 0° to 200° C. for sufficient time in the range of a few minutes to 24 hours to permit the polymerization to proceed far enough in the range from 50 to 100% conversion by weight of said monomer material to produce in aqueous dispersion an intraleucospheruloid pigment composition consisting essentially of spheruloids of organic polymer material cross-linked to insolubility in any physical solvent, having primary particles of an average size not exceeding 4 microns in diameter, and having imbedded therein the still smaller size particles of said inorganic pigment composition, (III) the monomer material referred to in steps (I) (b) and (II) (b') and (IV) (a"), being selected from the class consisting of group (i) monomer material containing and polymerizable through a single ethylenically unsaturated group in the amount of 0% to 99.8% by weight and group (ii) monomer material containing and polymerizable through a plurality of ethylenically unsaturated groups in an amount in the range of 0.2% to 100% by weight for forming polymer spheruloids of different refractive index from the pigment particles, (IV) forming an intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition by: (a") forming a combination, in a weight ratio in the range of 1:100 to 100:1, dry basis, of aqueous dispersions formed in steps (d) and (d'), and bonding in said combination the spheruloids formed in step (d) to spheruloids formed in step (d'); and (b") recovering said intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition from the combination formed in step (a").

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 919 words

A process for producing intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition, which process comprises, in combination: (I) preparing an intrachromospheruloid pigment composition by (a) providing in liquid medium a particulate organic pigment composition consisting essentially of organic color pigment composition dispersed in said medium with the aid of 0-100% by weight of the total of surface active agent material set forth in (c), said organic color pigment composition being essentially insoluble in the liquid and having primary particles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter, (b) forming an aqueous emulsion polymerization system consisting essentially of (1) the composition of (a), (2) the balance, if any, of 100% of the total of surface active agent material set forth in (c) and (3) monomer material selected in the ratio of said monomer material to said pigment composition lying in the range of 100:1 to 1:20 by weight, said monomer material consisting essentially of monomer material selected as set forth in step (III) and (4) emulsion polymerization initiator in an effective amount in the range of 0.2 to 10% by weight of the said monomer material, (c) the ratio of the total of the surface active agent material present after (b) to said particulate pigment composition and monomer material lying in the range of 2:1 to 1:40 by weight, and said total of surface active agent material being selected from the class of polymeric and nonpolymeric surface active agent and combinations thereof capable of effecting emulsion polymerization of the selected ethylenically unsaturated monomer material to yield polymer particles with the pigment provided in step (a) imbedded therein, (d) effecting emulsion polymerization of the combination formed in (b) under agitation and at sufficient temperatures in the range of 0° to 200° C. for sufficient time in the range of a few minutes to 24 hours to permit the polymerization to proceed far enough to effect from 50 to 100% conversion by weight of said monomer material to produce in aqueous dispersion an intrachromospheruloid pigment consisting essentially of spheruloids of organic polymer material cross-linked to insolubility in any physical solvent, having primary particles of an average size not exceeding 4 microns in diameter, and having imbedded therein the still smaller size particles of said particulate organic color pigment composition. (II) preparing an intraleucospheruloid pigment composition by (a') providing in liquid medium a particulate pigment composition consisting essentially of inorganic pigment composition dispersed in said liquid medium with 0-100% by weight of the total of surface active agent material set forth in (c'), said inorganic pigment composition being made up of one or more members selected from the class consisting of the opaque white pigments and the transparent white pigments having refractive indicies different from that of the cross-linked organic polymer formed in step (d') and said inorganic pigment composition having primary particles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter; (b') forming an aqueous emulsion polymerization system consisting essentially of (1) the composition of (a'), (2) the balance, if any, of 100% of the total of surface active agent material set forth in (c') and (3) monomer material selected in the ratio of said monomer material to said pigment composition in (a') lying in the range of 100:1 to 1:20 by weight, said monomer material consisting essentially of ethylenically unsaturated monomer material selected as set forth in step (III), and (4) emulsion polymerization initiator in an effective amount in the range of 0.2 to 10% by weight of the monomer material present, (c') the ratio of the total of the surface active agent material present after (b') to the particulate pigment composition and monomer material present lying in the range of 2:1 to 1:40 by weight, and said total of surface active agent material being selected from the class of polymeric and nonpolymeric surface active agents and combinations thereof capable of effecting emulsion polymerization of the selected ethylenically unsaturated monomer material present to yield polymer particles with the pigment provided in step (a') imbedded therein, (d') effecting emulsion polymerization of the combination formed in (b') under agitation and at sufficient temperatures in the range of 0° to 200° C. for sufficient time in the range of a few minutes to 24 hours to permit the polymerization to proceed far enough in the range from 50 to 100% conversion by weight of said monomer material to produce in aqueous dispersion an intraleucospheruloid pigment composition consisting essentially of spheruloids of organic polymer material cross-linked to insolubility in any physical solvent, having primary particles of an average size not exceeding 4 microns in diameter, and having imbedded therein the still smaller size particles of said inorganic pigment composition, (III) the monomer material referred to in steps (I) (b) and (II) (b') and (IV) (a"), being selected from the class consisting of group (i) monomer material containing and polymerizable through a single ethylenically unsaturated group in the amount of 0% to 99.8% by weight and group (ii) monomer material containing and polymerizable through a plurality of ethylenically unsaturated groups in an amount in the range of 0.2% to 100% by weight for forming polymer spheruloids of different refractive index from the pigment particles, (IV) forming an intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition by: (a") forming a combination, in a weight ratio in the range of 1:100 to 100:1, dry basis, of aqueous dispersions formed in steps (d) and (d'), and bonding in said combination the spheruloids formed in step (d) to spheruloids formed in step (d'); and (b") recovering said intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition from the combination formed in step (a").

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 97 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein (c") as a part of step (b") the intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition produced in aqueous dispersion in step (a") is modified to contain 0.5 to 35 parts of modifying agent per 100 parts of said pigment composition, dry basis by weight, said modifying agent being selected from the class consisting of (1) the C 5 to C 12 alcohols, (2) hydrocarbons consisting essentially of hydrocarbons forming aqueous azeotropic boiling mixture in the range of 100°-200° C., (3) organic plasticizers, and (4) combinations of any two or more members from the foregoing.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 34 words

A process according to claim 2, which further comprises (d") as a part of step (b"), after step (c"), drying the modified composition, whereby the intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition is recovered in soft powder form.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 36 words

A process according to claim 2, which further comprises (d") as a part of step (b"), after step (c"), spray drying the modifed composition, whereby the intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition is recovered in particulate soft powder form.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 72 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the ethylenically unsaturated monomer material in at least one of steps (b) and (b') comprises several portions sequentially added and sequentially polymerized in the ensuing polymerization step, at least one of said several portions comprising monomer material containing and polymerizable through at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups in a sufficient proportion to cross-link the polymer formed therewith to essential insolubility in any physical solvent.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 76 words

A process according to claim 1, in which in at least one of steps (b) and (b') the monomer material having a plurality of polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups consists essentially of material copolymerizable with vinyl monomers and selected from the unsaturated conjugated drying oils and their acids and derivatives of the foregoing, the ratio of said drying oil material to the other monomer material polymerized therewith lying in the range of 0.2:99.8 to 20:80 by weight.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 35 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the pigment material provided in at least one of the steps (a) and (a') has primary particles of an average size less than 0.1 micron in diameter.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 67 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein the pigment composition supplied for at least one of steps (a) and (a') is a relatively coarse particulate pigment composition and in said step is micronized in the liquid medium with the aid of any surface active agent present therein until said pigment composition has its primary particles reduced to said average size of less than 0.2 micron in diameter.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 55 words

A process according to claim 8, wherein in at least one of steps (a) and (a') the liquid medium in which the pigment material is micronized consists essentially of an aqueous solution of from 1% to 10% by weight of the total of surface active agent set forth in the associated steps (c) and (c').

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 40 words

A process according to claim 8, wherein (b) in at least one of steps (a) and (a') the liquid medium in which the pigment material is micronized consists essentially of monomer material employed in the associated steps (b) and (b').

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 65 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein said inorganic pigment composition supplied for step (a') is a relatively coarse particulate inorganic pigment composition and in step (a') is micronized in the liquid medium with the aid of any surface active agent present therein until said inorganic pigment composition has primary particles of an average size in the range of 0.2 to 0.1 micron in diameter.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 28 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the surface active agent material employed in at least one of steos (c) and (c') comprises polymeric surface active agent.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 26 words

A process according to claim 12, in which said polymeric active agent has basic groups at least in part of the form of water soluble salts.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 27 words

A process according to claim 12, in which said polymeric surface active agent has acidic groups at least in part in the form of water soluble salts.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 223 words

A process according to claim 1, in which step (a') the inorganic pigment composition and in step (a") the combination contains from 0 to an equal weight based on the inorganic pigment composition dispersed in step (a'), of pigment bonding agent material selected from the class consisting of (i) water soluble alkali metal silicates precipitated in the presence of said inorganic pigment composition, (ii) water soluble titanium and zirconium compounds precipitated in the presence of said inorganic pigment composition, (iii) water soluble and dispersible aminoplasts performed and formed in situ and adhered to said inorganic pigment composition, (iv) water soluble and dispersible phenoplasts preformed and formed in situ and adhered to said inorganic pigment composition, (v) water soluble and dispersible organic polymers having carboxyl, amine, sulfate and sulfonic acid groups and salts thereof precipitated in the presence of said inorganic pigment composition, and (vi) water soluble and dispersible organic silanes; and said inorganic pigment composition has, based on the inorganic pigment composition dispersed in step (a'), from 0 to an equal weight of nitrogenous material therewith, said nitrogenous material being selected from the class consisting of (i) oleophilic amines, (ii) oleophilic imines, (iii) oleophilic amine carboxylates, (iv) the oleophilic quaternary ammonium compounds, (v) water soluble polyamines, (vi) water soluble imines and polyimines, and (vii) combinations of two or more members of the foregoing.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 35 words

A process according to claim 15, wherein the said pigment material provided for step (a') is micronized with at least 2% by weight of pigment bonding agent material set based on the said pigment composition.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 38 words

A process according to claim 15, wherein the said pigment material provided for step (a') is micronized with at least 2% by weight of the nitrogenous material set forth in step (a') based on the said pigment composition.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 43 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein the said pigment material provided for step (a) or (a') is micronized with at least 2% by weight of the monomer material supplied in step (b) (2) or (b') (2), based on the said pigment composition.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 21 words

A process according to claim 18, wherein the said 2% by weight of monomer material consists essentially of amine monomer material.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 41 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the recovery in step (b") comprises the steps of coagulating the intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition produced by step (a"), and separating serum from the coagulum to provide the intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition as wet coagulum.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 22 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the recovery in step (b") comprises the step of drying the intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 142 words

A process according to claim 1, in which step (a') the inorganic pigment composition is made up of one or more members selected from the class consisting of the following groups (1) siliceous pigment compositions selected from (i) the natural silica pigments, (ii) the precipitated silica pigments, (iii) the pyrogenic silica pigments, (iv) the alkaline earth silicate pigments, (v) the aluminum silicate pigments, (vi) the zinc silicate pigments, (vii) the zirconium silicate pigments and (viii) combinations of any two or more of the foregoing; (2) titanium dioxide pigment compositions; (3) metal oxide and hydroxide pigment compositions selected from (i) alkaline earth oxide pigments, (ii) alumina pigments, (iii) aluminum hydroxide pigments, (iv) antimony oxide pigments, (v) zinc oxide pigments, and (vi) zirconium oxide pigments and (4) combinations of any two or more of the foregoing, selected respectively from groups (1), (2), and (3).

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 75 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the recovery in step (b") comprises the step of co-coagulating the combined aqueous dispersions of intrachromospheruloid and intraleucospheruloid pigments formed in step (a") with the aid of coagulant selected from the class consisting of (i) water soluble alcohols (ii) pH adjustment materials of the group consisting of water soluble acids and inorganic bases, (iii) sodium chloride, and (iv) combinations of any two or more of the foregoing.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 66 words

A process according to claim 15, in which the combination formed in step (a") has therein at least 2% by weight based on the polymer content of (d) and (d') of spheruloid bonding agent material selected from the subclass consisting of groups (iii) or (iv) and step (b") comprises insolubilizing said bonding agent of groups (iii) or (iv) to form a resin bonded intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 92 words

A process according to claim 1, which further comprises (i) selecting in steps (b) and (b"), respectively, monomer material containing sufficient acidic monomer to provide each of the intrachromospheruloid and intraleucospheruloid pigments with groups selected from the class consisting of acid groups and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, and (ii) in step (b") causing the said spheruloid pigments to combine by reacting the said groups thereof with water soluble and dispersible organic materials having a plurality of groups selected from the class consisting of amine and imine groups and salts thereof.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 89 words

A process according to claim 1, which further comprises (i) selecting in steps (b) and (b'), respectively, monomer material containing sufficient monomer having groups from the class consisting of amine and imine groups and salts thereof, to provide each of the intrachromospheruloid and intraleucospheruloid pigments with said groups, and (ii) in step (b") causing the said spheruloid pigments to combine by reacting said groups with water soluble organic material having a plurality of groups selected from the class consisting of carboxyl, sulfate and sulfonic acid groups and salts thereof.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 82 words

A process according to claim 1, which further comprises (i) selecting anionic surface active agent in steps (c) and (c'), respectively, to provide both of the aqueous dispersions in steps (d) and (d') with anionic surface active agent and (ii) in step (b") causing the said spheruloid pigments to be coagulated by reacting the combination formed in step (a") with water soluble organic material having a plurality of groups selected from the class consisting of amine and imine groups and salts thereof.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 85 words

A process according to claim 1, which further comprises (i) selecting cationic surface active agent in steps (c) and (c'), respectively, to provide both of the aqueous dispersions formed in steps (d) and (d') with cationic surface active agent and (ii) in step (b") causing the said spheruloid pigments to be coagulated by reacting the combination formed in step (a") with water soluble organic material having a plurality of groups selected from the class consisting of carboxyl, sulfate and sulfonic acid groups and salts thereof.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 129 words

A process according to claim 1, which further comprises (i) selecting in steps (b) and (b'), respectively, monomer material containing sufficient monomer containing basic groups thereon to provide each of the intrachromospheruloid and intraleucospheruloid pigments with said groups, and (ii) in step (b") coagulating the combined aqueous dispersions of intrachromospheruloid and intraleucospheruloid pigments formed in step (a") with inorganic coagulant consisting essentially of material selected from the class made up of (i) the precipitated hydrated silicas, (ii) the precipitated hydrated silicas formed in situ from alkali metal silicates, (iii) the pyrogenic silicas, (iv) the alkaline-earth silicates, (v) the aluminum silicates, (vi) hydrated aluminas, (vii) zinc silicates, (viii) the zirconium silicates, (ix) the phosphotungstic acids and the phosphomolybdic acids, and (x) combinations of any two or more of the foregoing.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 145 words

A process according to claim 1, which further comprises (i) selecting surface active agent in steps (c) and (c') respectively, having groups selected from the class consisting of amine and imine groups, salts thereof, a quaternary ammonium groups, to provide both of the aqueous dispersions formed in steps (b) and (b') with surface active agent having such groups, and (ii) in step (b") coagulating the combined aqueous dispersions of intrachromospheruloid and intraleucospheruloid pigments formed in step (a") with inorganic coagulant selected from the class consisting of (i) the precipitated hydrated silicas (ii) the precipitated hydrated silicas formed in situ from alkali metal silicates, (iii) the pyrogenic silicas, (iv) the alkaline-earth silicates, (v) the aluminum silicates, (vi) hydrated aluminas, (vii) the zinc silicates, (viii) the zirconium silicates, (ix) the phosphotungstic acids and the phosphomolybdic acids, and (x) combinations of any two or more of the foregoing.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 107 words

A process according to claim 1, which further comprises (i) selecting in steps (b) and (b'), respectively, monomer material containing sufficient acidic monomer to form spheruloids which contain acidic groups and which after neutralization with water soluble base are coagulable, and (ii) in step (b") neutralizing with a water soluble base the acidic groups of the combined aqueous dispersion of intrachromospheruloid and intraleucospheruloid pigments formed in step (a'), and (iii) then coagulating the spheruloids with water soluble coagulant selected from the class consisting of water soluble (i) alkali-earth metal compounds, (ii) aluminum salts, (iii) zinc salts, (iv) oleophilic amine acid salts, and (v) combination of the foregoing.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 73 words

A process according to claim 1, which further comprises (i) selecting anionic surface active agents in steps (c) and (c'), respectively, and (ii) in step (b∝) coagulating the combined aqueous dispersion of instrachromospheruloid and intraleucospheruloid pigments formed in step (a") with water soluble coagulant selected from the class consisting of water soluble (i) alkli-earth metal compounds, (ii) aluminum salts, (iii) zinc salts, (iv) oleophilic amine acid salts, and (v) combinations of the foregoing.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 60 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein (c") the recovery in step (b") is assisted by selecting the monomer materials in steps (b) and (b'), respectively, to provide one of the intrachromospheruloid and intraleucospheruloid pigments with acidic groups and the other with basic groups, for causing the bonding together of said spheruloid pigments in the combination formed in step (a").

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 69 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein (c") the recovery in step (b") is assisted by selecting the surface active agents in steps (c) and (c'), respectively, to provide one of the aqueous dispersions formed in step (d) and (d') with anionic surface active agent and the other with cationic surface active agent for causing the bonding together of said spheruloid pigments in the combination formed in step (a").

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 63 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the inorganic pigment composition in step (a') consists essentially of silica pigment composition having primary particles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter and titanium dioxide pigment composition having primary particles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter, in a weight ratio in the range of 1:10 to 10:1.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 68 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the inorganic pigment composition in step (a') consists essentially of silica pigment composition having primary prticles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter and titanium dioxide pigment composition having primary particles of an average size in the range of about 0.2 to 0.1 micron in diameter, in a weight ratio in the range of 1:10 to 10:1.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 53 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the selected inorganic pigment composition in step (a') consists essentially of siliceous pigment selected from the subclass consisting essentially of (a) wet, and dried, paper grade precipiated hydrated silica pigments, (b) wet, and dried, reinforcing grade precipitated hydrated silica pigments and (c) pyrogenic silica pigment.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 35 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the inorganic pigment composition in step (a') consists essentially of titanium dioxide pigment composition having primary particles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 40 words

A process according to claim 1, in which the inorganic pigment composition in step (a') consists essentially of titanium dioxide pigment composition having primary particles of an average size in the range of about 0.2 to 0.1 micron in diameter.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 200 words

An intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition consisting essentially of composition particles made up of component (A) intrachromospheruloid pigment composition, consisting essentially of organic color pigment material having an average particle size not exceeding 0.2 micron in diameter imbedded in spheruloids of organic polymer material cross-linked to insolubility in any physical solvent, bonded to component (B) intraleucospheruloid pigment composition, consisting essentially of inorganic leuco pigment material having an average particle size not exceeding 0.2 micron in diameter and imbedded in spheruloids of organic polymer material cross-linked to insolubility in any physical solvent, said polymer material consisting essentially of polymerized monomer material selected from the class consisting of monoethylenically unsaturated and polyethylenically unsaturated polymerizable compounds, the spheruloids of organic polymer materials bonded to each other each having primary particles of an average size not exceeding 4 microns in diameter, the weight ratio of said intrachromospheruloid pigment composition to said intraleucospheruloid pigment composition lying in the range of 100:1 to 1:100, the polymer material of the spheruloids being of different refractive index from the pigment materials embedded therein and from the environment of intended use of the intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition, and said intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition being essentially insoluble in the environment of intended use thereof.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 200 words

An intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition consisting essentially of composition particles made up of component (A) intrachromospheruloid pigment composition, consisting essentially of organic color pigment material having an average particle size not exceeding 0.2 micron in diameter imbedded in spheruloids of organic polymer material cross-linked to insolubility in any physical solvent, bonded to component (B) intraleucospheruloid pigment composition, consisting essentially of inorganic leuco pigment material having an average particle size not exceeding 0.2 micron in diameter and imbedded in spheruloids of organic polymer material cross-linked to insolubility in any physical solvent, said polymer material consisting essentially of polymerized monomer material selected from the class consisting of monoethylenically unsaturated and polyethylenically unsaturated polymerizable compounds, the spheruloids of organic polymer materials bonded to each other each having primary particles of an average size not exceeding 4 microns in diameter, the weight ratio of said intrachromospheruloid pigment composition to said intraleucospheruloid pigment composition lying in the range of 100:1 to 1:100, the polymer material of the spheruloids being of different refractive index from the pigment materials embedded therein and from the environment of intended use of the intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition, and said intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition being essentially insoluble in the environment of intended use thereof.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 62 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40 wherein the spheruloids of one of said components (A) and (B) of the component particles consist essentially of polymer material having basis groups, and the spheruloids of the other of said components consist essentially of polymer material having acidic groups, and said components (A) and (B) are bonded together by mutual interaction of said groups.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 17 words

A pigment composition according to claim 41, wherein the spheruloids of component (A) contain the acidic groups.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 33 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40, in which in the composite particles the components (A) and (B) are bonded together by resin selected from the class consisting of the aminoplasts and phenoplasts.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 55 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40, in which, in the composite particles, the components (A) and (B) are bonded together by reaction products of anionic surface active agent material associated with their spheruloids, with organic material having a plurality of groups selected from the class consisting of amine and imine groups and salts thereof.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 69 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40 in which, in the composite particles, the components (A) and (B) are bonded together by reaction products of cationic surface active agent material associated with their spheruloids and selected from the class consisting of amines, imines, and salts thereof, with organic material having a plurality of groups selected from the class consisting of carboxyl, sulfate and sulfonic acid groups and salts thereof.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 98 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40 in which, in the composite particles, the components (A) and (B) are bonded together by the reaction products of basic groups of their spheruloids with acidic material selected from the class consisting of (i) the precipitated hydrated silicas, (ii) the precipitated hydrated silicas formed in situ from alkali metal silicates (iii) the pyrogenic silicas, (iv) the alkaline-earth silicates, (v) the aluminum silicates, (vi) hydrated aluminas, (vii) zinc silicates, (viii) the zirconium silicates, (ix) the phosphotungstic acids and the phosphomolybdic acids, and (x) combinations of any two or more of the foregoing.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 103 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40 in which, in the composite particles, the components (A) and (B) are bonded together by the reaction products of cationic surface active agent material associated with their spheruloids with acidic material selected from the class consisting of (i) the precipitated hydrated silicas, (ii) the precipitated hydrated silicas formed in situ from alkali metal silicates, (iii) the pyrogenic silicas, (iv) the alkaline-earth silicates, (v) the aluminum silicates, (vi) hydrated aluminas, (vii) the zinc silicates, (viii) the zirconium silicates, (ix) the phosphotungstic acids and the phosphomolybdic acids, and (x) combinations of any two or more of the foregoing.

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 79 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40 in which, in the composite particles, the components (A) and (B) are bonded together by the reaction products of acidic groups of their spheruloids selected from the class consisting of acid groups and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, with basic water soluble polyvalent material selected from the class consisting of (i) the alkali metal salts, (ii) aluminum salts, (iii) zinc salts, (iv) oleophilic amine salts, and (v) combination of the foregoing.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 66 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40 in which, in the composite particles, the components (A) and (B) are bonded together by the reaction products of anionic surface active agent material associated with their spheruloids with water soluble polyvalent material selected from the class consisting of (i) alkali metal salts, (ii) aluminum salts, (iii) zinc salts, (iv) oleophilic amine salts, and (v) combinations of the foregoing.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 50 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40 in which, in the composite particles, the components (A) and (B) are bonded together by the reaction products of anionic surface active agent material associated with one of said components, with cationic surface active agent material associated with the other of said components.

Claim 53

Dependent Claim 46 words

A pigment composition according to claim 40 in which the organic color pigment material of component (A) consists of a mixture of two or more chemically different organic color pigments and said component (A) exhibits a coloration different from that of either of said color pigments.

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 70 words

An intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition according to claim 40 in which in component (B), the inorganic pigment material consists essentially of (i) silica composition having primary particles of an average size les than 0.2 micron in diameter and (ii) titanium dioxide pigment composition having primary particles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter in a weight ratio of (i) to (ii) in the range of 1:10 to 10:1.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 76 words

An intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition according to claim 40 in which, in component (B) the inorganic pigment material consists essentially of (i) silica pigment composition having primary particles of an average size less than 0.2 micron in diameter and (ii) titanium dioxide pigment composition having primary particles of an average size in the range of about 0.2 to 0.1 micron in diameter in a weight ratio of (i) to (ii) in the range of 1:10 to 10:1.

Claim 56

Dependent Claim 310 words

An intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition according to claim 40 in which, in component (B), the inorganic pigment composition is selected from the class consisting of the following groups (1) siliceous pigment compositions selected from (i) the natural silica pigments, (ii) the precipitated silica pigments, (iii) the pyrogenic silica pigments, (iv) the alkaline earth silicate pigments, (v) the aluminum silicate pigments, (vi) the zinc silicate pigments, (vii) the zirconium silicate pigments, and (viii) combinations of any two or more of the foregoing; (2) titanium dioxide pigment compositions; (3) metal oxide and hydroxide pigment compositions selected from the class consisting of the following groups (i) alkaline-earth oxide pigments, (ii) alumina pigments, (iii) aluminum hydroxide pigments, (iv) antimony oxide pigments, (v) zinc oxide pigments, (vi) zirconium oxide pigments, and (vii) combinations of any two or more of the foregoing, and (4) combinations of any two or more members selected respectively from classes (1), (2) and (3); in which component (B) contains (I) from 0 to an equal weight of pigment bonding agent material on its pigment composition and selected from the class consisting of water insoluble deposits from (i) water soluble alkali metal silicates, (ii) water soluble titanium compounds, (iii) water soluble and dispersible aminoplasts preformed and formed in situ, (iv) water soluble and dispersible phenoplasts preformed and formed in situ, (v) water soluble and dispersible organic polymers having carboxyl, amine, sulfate and sulfonic acid groups and salts thereof, and (vi) water soluble and dispersible organic silanes; and (II) from 0 to an equal weight of nitrogenous materal on its pigment composition, said nitrogenous material on its pigment composition, said nitrogenous material being selected from the class consisting of (i) oleophilic amines, (ii) oleophilic imines, (iii) oleophilic amine carboxylates, (iv) the oleophilic quaternary ammonium compounds, (v) water soluble polyamines, (vi) water soluble polyimines, and (vii) combinations of two or more members of the foregoing.

Claim 57

Dependent Claim 43 words

An intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition according to claim 54, in which the inorganic pigment material of component (B) consists essentially of silica pigment composition of the group having primary particles of an average size in the range of 0.2 to 0.01 micron in diameter.

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 42 words

An intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition according to claim 40 in which the inorganic pigment material of component (B) consists essentially of titanium dioxide pigment composition having primary particles of an average size in the range of about 0.2 to 0.1 micron in diameter.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 15 words

An intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition according to claim 40 in the form of a wet coagulum.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 11 words

An intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition according to claim 40 in powder form.

Claim 61

Dependent Claim 14 words

A physically insoluble intrachromospheruloid/intraleucospheruloid pigment composition according to claim 40, in soft powder form.

Claim 62

Dependent Claim 30 words

A process as claimed in claim 1, in which monomer material selected from group (ii) is incorporated in at least one of steps (b) and (b') prior to step (a").

Claim 63

Dependent Claim 30 words

A process as claimed in claim 1, in which monomer material selected from group (ii) is incorporated in at least one of steps (b) and (b') concurrently with step (a").

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1982-10-01	1983-04-02	1983-10-02	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1986-10-01	1987-04-02	1987-10-02	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1990-10-01	1991-04-02	1991-10-02	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Intrachromospheruloid/intraleuco-spheruloid pigment compositions and processes for producing same

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