US4297394A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Piezoelectric polymer antifouling coating and method of use and application
Assignee: United States Department of the Navy
•
Filing: 1980-03-18
•
Granted: 1981-10-27
•
Expires: 2000-03-18
Abstract
Abstract An antifouling coating with method of use and method of application on marine structures in the form of a film containing piezoelectric polymer material, which, when electrically activated vibrates at a selected frequency to present a surface interfacing with water which is inhospitable for attachment of vegetable and animal life including free-swimming organisms thereby discouraging their attachment and their subsequent growth thereon to the macrofoulant adult stage.
Inventors
- 👤 Bruce J. Wooden
- 👤 Seymour Edelman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 09:01
CPC Classifications
B; B05; B05D; B05D5/00; B05D5/12; B05D7/00; B05D7/14; B08; B08B; B08B17/00; B08B17/02; B63; B63B; B63B59/00; B63B59/04; C; C09; C09D; C09D5/00; C09D5/16; C09D5/1656; C09D5/1662; C09D5/1693; B05D2350/00; B05D2350/60; B05D7/50; B05D7/52; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/907; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/3154; Y10T428/31544
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of coating the outer surface of an electrically conductive marine structure with a plural layer continuous film for reducing fouling thereon comprising the steps of: preparing the surface of the structure to insure maximum electrical conductivity; applying a layer of electrically conductive cement to substantially the entire outer surface to be contacted by water containing fouling organisms; applying a continuous layer of piezoelectric polymer over the cement; applying another layer of electrically conductive cement to the polymer layer; and applying another continuous layer of piezoelectric polymer for interfacing with water.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of coating the outer surface of an electrically conductive marine structure with a plural layer continuous film for reducing fouling thereon comprising the steps of: preparing the surface of the structure to insure maximum electrical conductivity; applying a layer of electrically conductive cement to substantially the entire outer surface to be contacted by water containing fouling organisms; applying a continuous layer of piezoelectric polymer over the cement; applying another layer of electrically conductive cement to the polymer layer; and applying another continuous layer of piezoelectric polymer for interfacing with water.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method according to claim 1 including an additional step of applying a layer of electrically conductive cement on the last layer of polymer to define an electrode therefor.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the surface is prepared by sandblasting.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the cement is applied by spraying.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
135 words
A method of coating the outer surface of a steel hull ship with a multi-layer film having characteristics to reduce marine fouling thereon comprising the steps of: providing the ship out of water; cleaning substantially the entire outer surface of the hull to insure maximum electrical conductivity; applying a first continuous layer of electrically conductive cement over substantially the entire cleaned surface expected to normally come in contact with water containing fouling organisms; spraying a continuous layer of statically charged fine grain dry piezoelectric polymer on the conductive coating and applying heat to coalesce; applying a second layer of electrically conductive cement over the polymer layer; spraying a continuous layer of statically charged fine grain dry piezoelectric polymer on the second layer of conductive cement and applying heat to coalesce; and poling the polymer layers.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
135 words
A method of coating the outer surface of a steel hull ship with a multi-layer film having characteristics to reduce marine fouling thereon comprising the steps of: providing the ship out of water; cleaning substantially the entire outer surface of the hull to insure maximum electrical conductivity; applying a first continuous layer of electrically conductive cement over substantially the entire cleaned surface expected to normally come in contact with water containing fouling organisms; spraying a continuous layer of statically charged fine grain dry piezoelectric polymer on the conductive coating and applying heat to coalesce; applying a second layer of electrically conductive cement over the polymer layer; spraying a continuous layer of statically charged fine grain dry piezoelectric polymer on the second layer of conductive cement and applying heat to coalesce; and poling the polymer layers.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method according to claim 5 wherein the layers of polymer are poled individually.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 5 wherein the polymer layers are poled simultaneously.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 5 wherein the hull cleaning step includes sandblasting.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method according to claim 5 wherein the conductive cement is applied by spraying.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method according to claim 5 including an additional step of applying an electrically conductive layer on the outer water facing layer of polymer to define an electrode therefor.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method according to claim 10 wherein the conducting layer is applied by spraying.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method according to claim 5 wherein the ship is provided out of water by drydocking.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-10-26 | 1985-04-27 | 1985-10-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-10-26 | 1989-04-27 | 1989-10-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-10-26 | 1993-04-27 | 1993-10-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |