US4318795A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Valve metal electrode with valve metal oxide semi-conductor face and methods of carrying out electrolysis reactions
Assignee: ELECTRODE Corp A DE CORP
•
Filing: 1978-01-23
•
Granted: 1982-03-09
•
Expires: 1998-01-23
Abstract
Abstract Describes chlorine resistant metal electrodes, preferably of valve metals such as titanium and tantalum, having coatings of mixed metal oxides, preferably valve metal oxides and platinum group metal oxides, which have been doped to provide semi-conducting surfaces on the electrodes, which coatings also have the capacity to catalyze chlorine discharge from the electrodes and to resist corrosive conditions in a chlorine cell and methods of electrolysis.
Inventors
- 👤 Giuseppe Bianchi
- 👤 Vittorio De Nora
- 👤 Patrizio Gallone
- 👤 Antonio Nidola
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 00:28
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25B; C25B1/00; C25B1/01; C25B1/34; C25B1/46; C25B11/00; C25B11/04; C25B11/051; C25B11/073; C25B11/091; C25B11/093
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
61 words
An electrode comprising a valve metal base and a semi-conducting coating from the group consisting of valve metal oxides, platinum group metal oxides, oxides of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, on said base, said coating having oxygen deficiencies in the crystal lattice.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
61 words
An electrode comprising a valve metal base and a semi-conducting coating from the group consisting of valve metal oxides, platinum group metal oxides, oxides of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, on said base, said coating having oxygen deficiencies in the crystal lattice.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrode comprising a dimensionally stable, supporting electrode base and a semi-conductive coating containing a valve metal oxide and a platinum group metal oxide on said base, said coating being made semi-conducting by withdrawing oxygen from the crystal lattices of said oxides.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrode comprising a dimensionally stable, supporting electrode base and a semi-conductive coating containing a valve metal oxide and a platinum group metal oxide on said base, said coating being made semi-conducting by withdrawing oxygen from the crystal lattices of said oxides.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
181 words
The method of carrying out an electrolysis reaction in an electrolytic cell having anodes and cathodes immersed in an electrolyte, which comprises providing dimensionally stable anode bases, coating the anode bases with a semi-conducting metal oxide coating comprising a mixture of oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, an oxide of a platinum group metal, at least one other oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, having oxygen deficiencies therein made by withdrawing oxygen from said oxides, the percentage of said other oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides, and conducting the electrolyzing current from the anode bases to the electrolyte by means of said semi-conducting coating having oxygen deficiencies.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
181 words
The method of carrying out an electrolysis reaction in an electrolytic cell having anodes and cathodes immersed in an electrolyte, which comprises providing dimensionally stable anode bases, coating the anode bases with a semi-conducting metal oxide coating comprising a mixture of oxides from the group consisting of titanium and tantalum, an oxide of a platinum group metal, at least one other oxide from the group consisting of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, having oxygen deficiencies therein made by withdrawing oxygen from said oxides, the percentage of said other oxide in said coating mixture being between 0.10 and 50% of the material from the group consisting of oxides of titanium and tantalum and the ratio of platinum group metals to the non-precious metals in said coating being between 20:100 and 85:100, all said percentages being based upon the metals in said oxides, and conducting the electrolyzing current from the anode bases to the electrolyte by means of said semi-conducting coating having oxygen deficiencies.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 3 in which the anode bases are made of a valve metal and the semi-conductive coating is an oxide of a valve metal and an oxide of another metal which forms a semi-conductor with the oxide of the valve metal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 3 in which the anode base is titanium and the semi-conductor coating is a mixture of titanium dioxide and an oxide of a metal having electrolytic-catalytic properties.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 3 in which the anode base is titanium and the semi-conductor coating is a mixture of titanium dioxide and an oxide of a platinum group metal, baked on said base.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 3 in which the oxide of a platinum group metal is ruthenium.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 3 in which the said coating mixture includes an oxide of ruthenium, an oxide of titanium and an oxide of cobalt.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 3 in which the coating comprises an oxide of a valve metal and an oxide of a platinum group metal in which the said oxides have been made semi-conducting by withdrawing oxygen from said oxides.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 9 in which the metal oxides comprise an oxide of a valve metal and oxides of two or more platinum group metals.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 10 in which the oxide of the valve metal is TiO 2 and the oxides of the platinum group metals are RuO 2 and IrO 2 and said oxides have been reduced by withdrawing oxygen from the molecules thereof.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
69 words
The method of carrying out an electrolysis reaction in an electrolytic cell having anodes and cathodes and an electrolyte in said cell, which comprises providing dimensionally stable anodes with non-stoichiometric oxide electrocatalysts, in which the non-stoichiometry of said oxide electrocatalysts has been increased by withdrawing oxygen from the molecules of said electrocatalysts, and conducting electrolyzing current from said anodes to the electrolyte and to said cathodes through said electrocatalysts.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
69 words
The method of carrying out an electrolysis reaction in an electrolytic cell having anodes and cathodes and an electrolyte in said cell, which comprises providing dimensionally stable anodes with non-stoichiometric oxide electrocatalysts, in which the non-stoichiometry of said oxide electrocatalysts has been increased by withdrawing oxygen from the molecules of said electrocatalysts, and conducting electrolyzing current from said anodes to the electrolyte and to said cathodes through said electrocatalysts.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 12 in which said electrocatalysts comprise an oxide of at least one platinum group metal and an oxide of at least one valve metal.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method of claim 13 in which said electrocatalysts comprise RuO 2 , IrO 2 and TiO 2 in which the non-stoichiometry of said oxides has been increased by reducing the amount of oxide in the molecules of said RuO 2 , IrO 2 and TiO 2 .
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
70 words
An electrode comprising a dimensionally stable supporting electrode base supporting a semi-conducting oxide electrocatalyst from the group consisting of valve metal oxides, platinum group metal oxides, oxides of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, on said base, which oxides have been made semi-conducting by withdrawing oxygen from crystal lattices of said oxides.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
70 words
An electrode comprising a dimensionally stable supporting electrode base supporting a semi-conducting oxide electrocatalyst from the group consisting of valve metal oxides, platinum group metal oxides, oxides of silver, tin, chromium, lanthanum, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tungsten, vanadium, phosphorus, boron, beryllium, sodium, calcium, strontium, lead, copper and bismuth, and mixtures thereof, on said base, which oxides have been made semi-conducting by withdrawing oxygen from crystal lattices of said oxides.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2783196A
Cited
GB1147442A
Cited
US3505118A
Cited
US3632498A
Cited
US3948751A
Cited
US4070504A
Cited
US3491014A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-03-08 | 1985-09-07 | 1986-03-09 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-03-08 | 1989-09-07 | 1990-03-09 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-03-08 | 1993-09-07 | 1994-03-09 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |