US4328638A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method of eliminating mussels and the like from an underwater bed
Assignee: Illinois Power Co
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Filing: 1980-09-19
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Granted: 1982-05-11
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Expires: 2000-09-19
Abstract
Abstract Mussels and related bottom dwelling creatures may be eliminated from an underwater bed by applying to the zone of at least the bottom 2 feet of water above the bed water-soluble sulfite salt such as sodium metabisulfite to substantially deplete dissolved oxygen in the zone. Thereafter, hydrogen sulfide may be directly added to the zone, being stabilized by the absence of oxygen therein the enhance the mussel kill. Thereafter, as fresh water is added to the zone, the hydrogen sulfide and residual sulfites are oxidized to relatively harmless sulfates.
Inventors
- 👤 James A. Smithson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 19:32
CPC Classifications
C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/50; A; A01; A01N; A01N59/00; A01N59/02; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S424/00; Y10S424/09
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
58 words
The method of eliminating mussels and the like from an underwater bed which comprises; applying to the zone of at least the bottom 2 feet of water above said bed sufficient water-soluble sulfite salt, having a substantially nontoxic cation, to substantially deplete dissolved oxygen in said zone, and maintaining said conditions until the desired mussel kill is obtained.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
58 words
The method of eliminating mussels and the like from an underwater bed which comprises; applying to the zone of at least the bottom 2 feet of water above said bed sufficient water-soluble sulfite salt, having a substantially nontoxic cation, to substantially deplete dissolved oxygen in said zone, and maintaining said conditions until the desired mussel kill is obtained.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 1 in which cation is sodium.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 1 in which at least most of said sulfite salt is applied as a solution through a conduit directly into said zone under conditions in which currents in the water are essentially minimal, whereby a sulfite concentration gradient is created between said zone and the water above said zone.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 1 in which at least about 0.5 part per million of dissolved cobalt salt, based on the sulfite salt, is added to said sulfite salt to serve as an oxidation catalyst.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1 in which said sulfite salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite and sodium metabisulfite.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 1 in which there is applied to said zone at least twice the amount of sulfite salt needed to remove all free oxygen from said zone.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 in which said sulfite solution contains from 300 to 900 pounds of sodium metabisulfite per 300 to 400 gallons of water.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
91 words
The method of eliminating mussels and the like from an underwater bed comprising a substantially enclosed area essentially free of water currents, which comprises: applying through a conduit directly into the zone of at least the bottom 2 feet of water sufficient water solution of a sodium sulfite salt to substantially deplete dissolved oxygen in said zone, to provide a sulfite concentration gradient between said zone and the water above said zone, and maintaining a sufficient concentration of said sulfite salt in the zone until the desired mussel kill is obtained.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
91 words
The method of eliminating mussels and the like from an underwater bed comprising a substantially enclosed area essentially free of water currents, which comprises: applying through a conduit directly into the zone of at least the bottom 2 feet of water sufficient water solution of a sodium sulfite salt to substantially deplete dissolved oxygen in said zone, to provide a sulfite concentration gradient between said zone and the water above said zone, and maintaining a sufficient concentration of said sulfite salt in the zone until the desired mussel kill is obtained.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 8 in which there is applied to said zone at least twice the amount of sulfite salt theoretically needed to remove all free oxygen from said zone.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 9 in which at least about 0.5 part per million of dissolved cobalt salt is added to said sulfite salt solution to serve as an oxidation catalyst.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 10 in which said sulfite solution contains from 300 to 900 pounds of sodium metabisulfite per 300 to 400 gallons of water.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 11 in which an added soluble sodium sulfite salt is added to said zone in solid form.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
84 words
The method of eliminating mussels and the like from an underwater bed, which comprises: applying to the zone of at least the bottom 2 feet of water above said bed sufficient water-soluble sulfite salt having a substantially nontoxic cation to substantially deplete dissolved oxygen in said zone, and thereafter directly adding hydrogen sulfide to said zone, whereby the hydrogen sulfide is stabilized by the absence of dissolved oxygen in said zone, to increase the kill of mussels and the like in said underwater bed.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
84 words
The method of eliminating mussels and the like from an underwater bed, which comprises: applying to the zone of at least the bottom 2 feet of water above said bed sufficient water-soluble sulfite salt having a substantially nontoxic cation to substantially deplete dissolved oxygen in said zone, and thereafter directly adding hydrogen sulfide to said zone, whereby the hydrogen sulfide is stabilized by the absence of dissolved oxygen in said zone, to increase the kill of mussels and the like in said underwater bed.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 13 in which said cation is sodium.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 13 in which said sulfite salt solution is applied through a conduit directy into said zone under conditions in which currents in the water are essentially minimal, whereby a sulfite concentration gradient is created between said zone and the water above said zone.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 13 in which at least about 0.5 part per million of dissolved cobalt salt, based on the weight of said sulfite salt, is added to said sulfite salt to serve as an oxidation catalyst.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 13 in which said sulfite salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite and sodium metabisulfite.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 13 in which there is applied to said zone at least twice the amount of sulfite salt theoretically needed to remove all free oxygen from said zone.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 13 in which at least most of said sulfite salt is added as a water solution.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 19 in which said sulfite solution contains from 300 to 900 pounds of sodium metabisulfite per 300 to 400 gallons of water.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 13 in which said hydrogen sulfide is added as a gas through a conduit extending into said zone.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
52 words
The method of claim 13 in which said hydrogen sulfide is added to a water solution of sulfite salt after initial amounts of said sulfite salt have been added to the zone to substantially deplete the dissolved oxygen, and the hydrogen sulfide containing water solution is then also added to said zone.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 13 in which 30 to 60 pounds of hydrogen sulfide are added.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
157 words
The method of eliminating mussels and the like from an underwater bed, which comprises: applying to the zone of at least the bottom 2 feet of water above said bed sufficient water solution of a sulfite salt selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite and sodium metabisulfite, at least some of said sulfite salt being applied as a solution directy through a conduit into said zone under conditions in which currents in the water are essentially minimal, whereby the dissolved oxygen in said zone is substantially depleted and a sulfite concentration gradient is created between said zone and the water above said zone, and thereafter hydrogen sulfide is added to said zone, said hydrogen sulfide being applied directly through a conduit into said zone under conditions in which currents in the water are essentially minimal, and maintaining a concentration of hydrogen sulfide under oxygen depleted conditions in said zone sufficient to obtain the desired mussel kill.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
157 words
The method of eliminating mussels and the like from an underwater bed, which comprises: applying to the zone of at least the bottom 2 feet of water above said bed sufficient water solution of a sulfite salt selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite and sodium metabisulfite, at least some of said sulfite salt being applied as a solution directy through a conduit into said zone under conditions in which currents in the water are essentially minimal, whereby the dissolved oxygen in said zone is substantially depleted and a sulfite concentration gradient is created between said zone and the water above said zone, and thereafter hydrogen sulfide is added to said zone, said hydrogen sulfide being applied directly through a conduit into said zone under conditions in which currents in the water are essentially minimal, and maintaining a concentration of hydrogen sulfide under oxygen depleted conditions in said zone sufficient to obtain the desired mussel kill.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 24 in which at least about 0.5 part per million of dissolved cobalt salt is added to said sulfite salt to serve as an oxidation catalyst.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 25 in which there is applied to said zone at least twice the amount of sulfite salt theoretically needed to remove all free oxygen from said zone.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 26 in which said hydrogen sulfide is added as a gas through a conduit extending into said zone.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 27 in which said hydrogen sulfide is added to said water solution of sulfite salt after initial amounts of said water solution of sulfite salt have been added to the zone to substantially deplete the dissolved oxygen, and the hydrogen sulfide containing water solution is then also added to said zone.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 28 in which, after the desired mussel kill is obtained, said zone is aerated by bubbling air therethrough, to oxidize any remaining hydrogen sulfide.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-05-10 | 1985-11-09 | 1986-05-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-05-10 | 1989-11-09 | 1990-05-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-05-10 | 1993-11-09 | 1994-05-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |