Friction welded transition joint

Claim 1

A bonded transition joint for use in high temperature applications which must withstand severe conditions in high temperature environments comprising at least three tubular transition parts: a first tubular part of low alloy or carbon steel having a first predetermined chromium content with a uniform thermal expansion coefficient, strength and carbon constituency throughout and having a longitudinal extending axis, a second tubular part of a higher chromium alloy with a uniform thermal expansion characteristics, strength and carbon constituency throughout and having a longitudinally extending axis aligned with the longitudinally extending axis of said first tubular part; a third tubular part of a high temperature alloy and having a higher chromium content than said predetermined chromium content, a first interface on the end of said first tubular part in a plane perpendicular to the axis of said first tubular part and having a cross-sectional thickness equal to the thickness of said first tubular part, a second interface on the end of said second tubular part in a plane perpendicular to the axis of said second tubular part and having a cross-sectional thickness equal to the thickness of said second tubular part, at least a portion of the transition parts within the transition joint being formed from standard, code approved materials to assure effective operation over long periods of time, said first and second interfaces being abutted and bonded to each other by friction welding without any weld material between said interfaces to limit mixing of compositions of said first and second materials, to limit the migration of carbon from the first tubular part to the second tubular part, and to reduce thermally induced stresses, said third tubular part being friction welded to another end of said second tubular part.