US4377170A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Non-polarizable bioelectrode
Assignee: 3M Co
•
Filing: 1980-12-01
•
Granted: 1983-03-22
•
Expires: 2000-12-01
Abstract
Abstract A non-polarizable electrode is disclosed comprising a metallic sensing element in contact with an electrolyte gel or other conformable, electrically conductive skin-interfacing material containing dissolved electrolyte salt and an oxidizing agent. The oxidizing agent reduces the metal on the surface of the sensing element to a metal cation which reacts with the anion of the electrolyte salt to produce an insoluble compound which is deposited on the sensing element to render it non-polarizable. The preferred embodiment of the invention relates to silver/silver chloride electrodes.
Inventors
- 👤 Hatim M. Carim
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 21:46
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/24; A61B5/25; A61B5/263; A61B5/265; A61B5/266; A61B5/279; A61B5/28; A61B2562/00; A61B2562/02; A61B2562/0209; A61B2562/0215; A61B2562/0217
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
128 words
A non-polarizable biomedical electrode comprising: an electrical impulse-sensing element having a metallic surface, said sensing element having a base portion with a lower skin-directed surface and an upper surface having means for connection to an electromedical testing apparatus; and a conformable, electrically-conductive skin-interfacing material in electrical contact with said lower surface of said sensing element comprising a solvent having dissolved therein an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing the metal on said lower surface of said sensing element to form a metallic cation, and an electrolyte salt in sufficient quantity to render said skin-interfacing material electrically-conductive, the anion of said salt being capable of reacting with said metallic cation to form an insoluble compound on said lower surface of said sensing element which causes the electrode to be non-polarizable.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
128 words
A non-polarizable biomedical electrode comprising: an electrical impulse-sensing element having a metallic surface, said sensing element having a base portion with a lower skin-directed surface and an upper surface having means for connection to an electromedical testing apparatus; and a conformable, electrically-conductive skin-interfacing material in electrical contact with said lower surface of said sensing element comprising a solvent having dissolved therein an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing the metal on said lower surface of said sensing element to form a metallic cation, and an electrolyte salt in sufficient quantity to render said skin-interfacing material electrically-conductive, the anion of said salt being capable of reacting with said metallic cation to form an insoluble compound on said lower surface of said sensing element which causes the electrode to be non-polarizable.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode according to claim 1 wherein the metallic surface of said sensing element is silver.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode according to claim 2 wherein said insoluble compound is a silver halide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrode according to claim 3 wherein said silver halide is silver chloride.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode according to claim 2 wherein said anion of said electrolyte salt is Cl - .
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrode according to claim 5 wherein said anion is present in an amount between about 0.1 and 10 percent by weight of said skin-interfacing material.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrode according to claim 5 wherein said electrolyte salt is selected from the group consisting of NaCl and KCl.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
The electrode according to claim 2 wherein said oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of NaClO 2 , NaOCl and NaClO 3 .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode according to claim 8 wherin said oxidizing agent is NaClO 2 .
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrode according to claim 9 wherein said oxidizing agent is present in an amount between about 0.001 and 0.75 percent by weight of said skin-interfacing material.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode according to claim 1 wherein said solvent is water containing a conventional thickening agent.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
124 words
A conformable electrically-conductive composition for use as the interfacing material between the skin and the metallic sensing element of a biomedical electrode comprising a solvent having dissolved therein an oxidizing agent capable of providing chlorite ions in solution to oxidize the metal on the surface of said sensing element to form a metallic cation, and an electrolyte salt in sufficient quantity to render said composition electrically-conductive, the anion of said salt being capable of reacting with said metallic cation to form an insoluble compound on the surface of said sensing element, said chlorite ion- providing oxidizing agent being present in an amount sufficient to form enough of said insoluble compound on the surface of said sensing element to cause the electrode to be non-polarizable.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
124 words
A conformable electrically-conductive composition for use as the interfacing material between the skin and the metallic sensing element of a biomedical electrode comprising a solvent having dissolved therein an oxidizing agent capable of providing chlorite ions in solution to oxidize the metal on the surface of said sensing element to form a metallic cation, and an electrolyte salt in sufficient quantity to render said composition electrically-conductive, the anion of said salt being capable of reacting with said metallic cation to form an insoluble compound on the surface of said sensing element, said chlorite ion- providing oxidizing agent being present in an amount sufficient to form enough of said insoluble compound on the surface of said sensing element to cause the electrode to be non-polarizable.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition according to claim 12 wherein said metallic sensing element is silver.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition according to claim 13 wherein said insoluble compound is a silver halide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition according to claim 14 wherein said silver halide is silver chloride.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
20 words
The composition according to claim 12 wherein said electrolyte salt is selected from the group consisting of NaCl and KCl.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition according to claim 12 wherein said oxidizing agent is NaClO 2 .
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3027333A
Cited
US3567657A
Cited
GB1350368A
Cited
SU510246A1
Cited
US4114263A
Cited
US4215696A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-03-21 | 1986-09-20 | 1987-03-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-03-21 | 1990-09-20 | 1991-03-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-03-21 | 1994-09-20 | 1995-03-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |