US4385118A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Fermentation process
Assignee: Millennium Petrochemicals Inc
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Filing: 1981-10-22
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Granted: 1983-05-24
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Expires: 2001-10-22
Abstract
Abstract An improved process is provided for the continuous fermentation of sugar to ethanol in a series of fermentation vessels featuring yeast recycle which is independent of the conditions of fermentation occurring in each vessel at a particular point in time. The process facilitates the management of yeast levels in each fermentation vessel so as to provide an optimum overall rate of ethanol production.
Inventors
- 👤 Werner C. Muller
- 👤 Franklyn D. Miller
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 19:51
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12P; C12P7/00; C12P7/02; C12P7/04; C12P7/06; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E50/00; Y02E50/10; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/813
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
331 words
In a continuous ethanol fermentation process in which a stream of sterile sugar liquor and a quantity of viable yeast cells are introduced into a first fermentation vessel wherein initial fermentation is carried out under conditions favoring a high level of yeast cell propagation relative to ethanol production, effluent from the first fermentation vessel containing ethanol, sugar and yeast cells is introduced into a second fermentation vessel wherein further fermentation is carried out under conditions favoring a high rate of ethanol production relative to yeast cell propagation and effluent from the second fermentation vessel is separated into a yeast stream and a substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream with the yeast stream being recycled to the first and/or second fermentation vessel, an improvement is provided which comprises: (a) separating effluent from the first fermentation vessel into a first yeast stream and a first substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream; (b) recycling substantially all of the first yeast stream or as much of said yeast stream as necessary to the first fermentation vessel to maintain a high level of yeast cells therein; (c) purging all or part of the remaining portion of the first yeast stream, if any, or introducing at least a part of said remaining portion of the first yeast stream, if any, to the second fermentation vessel with or without introducing yeast-containing effluent from the first fermentation vessel to the second fermentation vessel, it being provided that where no part of the first yeast stream is introduced to the second fermentation vessel, yeast-containing effluent from the first fermentation vessel is introduced to the second fermentation vessel; (d) introducing part or all of the first, substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream into the second fermentation vessel; (e) separating effluent from the second fermentation vessel into a second yeast stream and a second, substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream; and, (f) recycling as much of the second yeast stream as necessary to the second fermentation vessel to maintain a high level of yeast cells therein.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
331 words
In a continuous ethanol fermentation process in which a stream of sterile sugar liquor and a quantity of viable yeast cells are introduced into a first fermentation vessel wherein initial fermentation is carried out under conditions favoring a high level of yeast cell propagation relative to ethanol production, effluent from the first fermentation vessel containing ethanol, sugar and yeast cells is introduced into a second fermentation vessel wherein further fermentation is carried out under conditions favoring a high rate of ethanol production relative to yeast cell propagation and effluent from the second fermentation vessel is separated into a yeast stream and a substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream with the yeast stream being recycled to the first and/or second fermentation vessel, an improvement is provided which comprises: (a) separating effluent from the first fermentation vessel into a first yeast stream and a first substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream; (b) recycling substantially all of the first yeast stream or as much of said yeast stream as necessary to the first fermentation vessel to maintain a high level of yeast cells therein; (c) purging all or part of the remaining portion of the first yeast stream, if any, or introducing at least a part of said remaining portion of the first yeast stream, if any, to the second fermentation vessel with or without introducing yeast-containing effluent from the first fermentation vessel to the second fermentation vessel, it being provided that where no part of the first yeast stream is introduced to the second fermentation vessel, yeast-containing effluent from the first fermentation vessel is introduced to the second fermentation vessel; (d) introducing part or all of the first, substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream into the second fermentation vessel; (e) separating effluent from the second fermentation vessel into a second yeast stream and a second, substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream; and, (f) recycling as much of the second yeast stream as necessary to the second fermentation vessel to maintain a high level of yeast cells therein.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
56 words
The process of claim 1 wherein as much of the first, substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream is recycled to the first fermentation vessel as necessary to maintain conditions favoring a high level of yeast cell propagation therein with the remaining portion of the first, substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream being introduced into the second fermentation vessel.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process of claim 1 wherein as much of the second, substantially yeast-free aqueous ethanol stream is recycled to the second fermentation vessel as necessary to maintain a high level of fermentation of sugar to ethanol therein.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the yeast cell level in the first fermentation vessel and/or the second fermentation vessel is maintained at from about 2 to about 8 weight percent of the fermentation medium therein.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the yeast cell level in the first fermentation vessel and/or the second fermentation vessel is maintained at from about 3 to about 6 weight percent of the fermentation medium therein.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
the process of claim 1 wherein the viability of the yeast cells in the first fermentation vessel is maintained at a level of at least about 60 percent.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the viability of the yeast cells in the first fermentation vessel is maintained at a level of at least about 70 percent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the viability of the yeast cells in the second fermentation vessel is maintained at a level of at least about 50 percent.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the viability of the yeast cells in the second fermentation vessel is maintained at a level of at least about 60 percent.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 1 wherein fermentation in the first fermentation vessel is carried out until ethanol represents from about 5 to about 8 weight percent of the fermentation medium therein.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 1 wherein fermentation in the first fermentation vessel is carried out until ethanol represents from about 6 to about 7 weight percent of fermentation medium therein.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 1 wherein fermentation in the second fermentation vessel is carried out until ethanol represents from above about 8 to about 10 weight percent of the fermentation medium therein.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 1 wherein substantially all of the first yeast stream is recycled to the first fermentation vessel and yeast-containing effluent from the first fermentation vessel is introduced to the second fermentation vessel.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process of claim 1 wherein only a part of the first yeast stream is recycled to the first fermentation vessel, the entire balance of the remaining portion of the first yeast stream is purged and yeast-containing effluent from the first vessel is introduced to the second fermentation vessel.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
68 words
The process of claim 1 wherein only a part of the first yeast stream is recycled to the fermentation vessel, part of the remaining portion of the first yeast stream is purged and the balance of the remaining portion of the first yeast stream is introduced to the second fermentation vessel with or without yeast-containing effluent from the first fermentation vessel being introduced to the second fermentation vessel.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
57 words
The process of claim 1 wherein only a part of the first yeast stream is recycled to the first fermentation vessel and substantially all of the remaining portion of the first yeast stream is introduced to the second fermentation vessel with or without yeast-containing effluent from the first fermentation vessel being introduced to the second fermentation vessel.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
46 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said second, substantially yeast-free ethanol stream is subjected to distillation for recovery of the ethanol in concentrated form and stillage bottoms containing nutrients useful in yeast metabolism which are obtained from the distillation are introduced into the first fermentation vessel.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-05-23 | 1986-11-22 | 1987-05-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-05-23 | 1990-11-22 | 1991-05-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-05-23 | 1994-11-22 | 1995-05-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |