US4461719A
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Lamellar carbon-nitrosyl or nitronium salt compositions
Assignee: ACHESON INTERCALTECH Inc
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Filing: 1983-03-14
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Granted: 1984-07-24
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Expires: 2003-03-14
Abstract
Abstract Electrically conductive carbon compositions are disclosed which are formed from carbon having a graphite-like structure and a nitrosyl or nitronium salt or salts. The nitrosyl or nitronium salt reacts with the carbon to intercalate it with charge-exchange atoms or molecules. Binary, ternary and multi-intercalated lamellar compositions are produced according to the particular reaction process selected. The compositions may be used alone as electrical conductors or may be combined in a matrix to form composite conductors.
Inventors
- 👤 F. Lincoln Vogel
- 👤 William C. Forsman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 00:25
CPC Classifications
D; D01; D01F; D01F11/00; D01F11/10; D01F11/12; H; H01; H01B; H01B1/00; H01B1/04; H01B1/14; H01B1/18; H01B1/20; H01B1/24
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
101 words
A process for the preparation of a electrically conductive lamellar carbon composition, comprising carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form intercalated with one or more nitrosyl salts selected from NOX or nitronium salts selected from NO 2 X wherein X is a stable, conjugate anion of an electrophilic atom, molecule or Lewis acid, which process comprises: reacting carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form with said nitrosyl or nitronium salts dissolved in a dry, polar, aprotic solvent at about ambient temperature to about 90° C. for about 10 minutes to about 30 hours or until the desired stage of intercalation has been produced.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
101 words
A process for the preparation of a electrically conductive lamellar carbon composition, comprising carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form intercalated with one or more nitrosyl salts selected from NOX or nitronium salts selected from NO 2 X wherein X is a stable, conjugate anion of an electrophilic atom, molecule or Lewis acid, which process comprises: reacting carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form with said nitrosyl or nitronium salts dissolved in a dry, polar, aprotic solvent at about ambient temperature to about 90° C. for about 10 minutes to about 30 hours or until the desired stage of intercalation has been produced.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
107 words
A process for the preparation of a ternary electrically conductive lamellar carbon composition, comprising carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form intercalated with two nitrosyl salts selected from NOX or nitronium salts selected from NO 2 X wherein X is a stable, conjugate anion of an electrophilic atom, molecule or Lewis acid, which process comprises: reacting carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form sequentially or simultaneously with two differing salts selected from nitrosyl or nitronium salts dissolved in a dry, polar, aprotic solvent at about ambient temperature to about 90° C. for about 10 minutes to about 30 hours or until the desired stage of intercalation has been produced.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
107 words
A process for the preparation of a ternary electrically conductive lamellar carbon composition, comprising carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form intercalated with two nitrosyl salts selected from NOX or nitronium salts selected from NO 2 X wherein X is a stable, conjugate anion of an electrophilic atom, molecule or Lewis acid, which process comprises: reacting carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form sequentially or simultaneously with two differing salts selected from nitrosyl or nitronium salts dissolved in a dry, polar, aprotic solvent at about ambient temperature to about 90° C. for about 10 minutes to about 30 hours or until the desired stage of intercalation has been produced.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
101 words
A process for the preparation of a binary electrically conductive lamellar carbon composition, comprising carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form intercalated with a nitrosyl salt selected from NOX or a nitronium salt selected from NO 2 X wherein X is a stable, conjugate anion of an electrophilic atom, molecule or Lewis acid, which process comprises: reacting carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form with said nitrosyl or nitronium salt dissolved in a dry, polar, aprotic solvent at about ambient temperature to about 90° C. for about 10 minutes to about 30 hours or until the desired stage of intercalation has been produced.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
101 words
A process for the preparation of a binary electrically conductive lamellar carbon composition, comprising carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form intercalated with a nitrosyl salt selected from NOX or a nitronium salt selected from NO 2 X wherein X is a stable, conjugate anion of an electrophilic atom, molecule or Lewis acid, which process comprises: reacting carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form with said nitrosyl or nitronium salt dissolved in a dry, polar, aprotic solvent at about ambient temperature to about 90° C. for about 10 minutes to about 30 hours or until the desired stage of intercalation has been produced.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 further comprising the step of controlling said desired stage of intercalation by varying the concentration of said nitrosyl salts or nitronium salts in said solvent.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 further comprising the step of controlling said desired stage of intercalation by varying the concentration of said nitrosyl salts or nitronium salts in said solvent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process in accordance with claim 3 further comprising the step of controlling said desired stage of intercalation by varying the concentration of said nitrosyl salt or nitronium salt in said solvent.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
78 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein said carbon is sequentially reacted with a first salt selected from said nitrosyl or nitronium salts to produce an intercalated intermediate having an integer intercalation stage greater than one; and said intermediate is reacted with a second salt selected from said nitrosyl or nitronium salts to produce an intercalated compound having repeating alternating layers of said first and second salts and an intercalation stage lower than that of said intermediate.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
42 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein said carbon is simultaneously reacted with first and second salts selected from said nitrosyl or nitronium salts to produce an intercalated compound having repeating layers of a mixture of said first and second salts.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetramethylene sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitromethane, and nitroethane.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetramethylene sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitromethane and nitroethane.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetramethylene sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitromethane and nitroethane.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said carbon is sequentially intercalated with more than two of said salts.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said carbon is simultaneously intercalated with more than two of said salts.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said carbon is in the form of large crystals; crystalline powder; vermicular, powdered, filament, bulk or sintered graphite; or carbon filaments.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein said carbon is in the form of large crystals; crystalline powder; vermicular, powdered, filament, bulk or sintered graphite; or carbon filaments.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein said carbon is in the form of large crystals; crystalline powder; vermicular, powdered, filament, bulk or sintered graphite; or carbon filaments.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
82 words
A process in accordance with claim 14 wherein X is SbF 6 - , PF 6 - , TaF 6 - , AsF 6 - , NbF 6 - , VF 6 - , SiF 5 - , TiF 5 - , GeF 5 - , SiF 6 -2 , PtF 5 - , HfF 5 - , ZrF 5 - , FeCl 4 - , CoCl 4 -2 , BF 4 - , NiF 4 -2 or CuCl 4 -2 .
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
82 words
A process in accordance with claim 15 wherein X is SbF 6 - , PF 6 - , TaF 6 - , AsF 6 - , NbF 6 - , VF 6 - , SiF 5 - , TiF 5 - , GeF 5 - , SiF 6 -2 , PtF 5 - , HfF 5 - , ZrF 5 - , FeCl 4 - , CoCl 4 -2 , BF 4 - , NiF 4 -2 or CuCl 4 -2 .
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
82 words
A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein X is SbF 6 - , PF 6 - , TaF 6 - , AsF 6 - , Nb 6 - , VF 6 - , SiF 5 - , TiF 5 - , GeF 5 - , SiF 6 -2 , PtF 5 - , HfF 5 - , ZrF 5 - , FeCl 4 - , CoCl 4 -2 , BF 4 - , NiF 4 -2 or CuCl 4 -2 .
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process in accordance with claim 14 wherein X is SbF 6 - , PF 6 - , AsF 6 - , HfF 5 - , SiF 5 - , BF 4 - , or FeCl 4 - .
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process in accordance with claim 15 wherein X is SbF 6 - , PF 6 - , AsF 6 - , HfF 5 - , SiF 5 - , BF 4 - , FeCl 4 - .
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein X is SbF 6 - , PF 6 - , AsF 6 - , HfF 5 - , SiF 5 - , BF 4 - , or FeCl 4 - .
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein said carbon is intercalated with a single salt selected from nitrosyl hexafluoroantimonate or nitronium hexafluoroantimonate.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein said carbon is intercalated with a single salt selected from nitrosyl hexafluorophosphate or nitronium hexafluorophosphate.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein said carbon is intercalated with a single salt selected from nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate or nitronium tetrafluoroborate.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
41 words
A process in accordance with claim 15 wherein said carbon is intercalated with two salts selected from NOBF 4 , NOSbF 6 , NOPF 6 , NO 2 BF 4 , NO 2 SbF 6 or NO 2 PF 6 .
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process in accordance with the claim 14 wherein said carbon has the form of a filament electrically oriented along its axis.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process in accordance with claim 15 wherein said carbon has the form of a filament electrically oriented along its axis.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein said carbon has the form of a filament electrically oriented along its axis.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-07-24 | 1988-01-23 | 1988-07-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-07-24 | 1992-01-23 | 1992-07-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-07-24 | 1996-01-23 | 1996-07-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |