US4481306A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Polymerization process
Assignee: Orica Ltd
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Filing: 1982-08-06
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Granted: 1984-11-06
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Expires: 2002-08-06
Abstract
Abstract A process of preparing cation exchange resins by radiation grafting with copolymerization onto a perhalogenated fluorine-containing hydrocarbon polymer at least one functional monomer of formula CF.sub.2 ═CF(CF.sub.2).sub.n A or CF.sub.2 ═CF-O(CFX-CFX).sub.m A and at least one non-functional monomer of formula CF 2 ═CFY, and optionally in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor and a chain transfer agent.
Inventors
- 👤 Michael V. Markus
- 👤 George H. Barnett
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 04:12
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08F; C08F259/00; C08F259/08
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
172 words
A process of preparing a cation exchange resin which process comprises radiation grafting with copolymerization onto a perhalogenated fluorine-containing hydrocarbon polymeric skeletal substance at least one functional monomer selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula I: CF.sub.2 ═CF(CF.sub.2).sub.n A and formula II CF.sub.2 ═CF-O-(CFX-CFX).sub.m A wherein A is carboxyl or C 1 to C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, one X is fluorine and the other X is selected from chlorine, fluorine and a trifluoromethyl group, n is an integer from 0 to 12, m is an integer from 1 to 3; together with at least one non-functional linking monomer selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III: CF.sub.2 ═CFY wherein Y is chlorine, fluorine, or a trifluoromethyl group, the molar ratio of functional monomer to non-functional linking monomer being in the range of 9:1 to 1:20, said grafting being carried out with said mixture of monomers in the presence of at least one polymerization inhibitor and at least one chain transfer agent, such that least 40.7 percent grafting is accomplished.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
172 words
A process of preparing a cation exchange resin which process comprises radiation grafting with copolymerization onto a perhalogenated fluorine-containing hydrocarbon polymeric skeletal substance at least one functional monomer selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula I: CF.sub.2 ═CF(CF.sub.2).sub.n A and formula II CF.sub.2 ═CF-O-(CFX-CFX).sub.m A wherein A is carboxyl or C 1 to C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, one X is fluorine and the other X is selected from chlorine, fluorine and a trifluoromethyl group, n is an integer from 0 to 12, m is an integer from 1 to 3; together with at least one non-functional linking monomer selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula III: CF.sub.2 ═CFY wherein Y is chlorine, fluorine, or a trifluoromethyl group, the molar ratio of functional monomer to non-functional linking monomer being in the range of 9:1 to 1:20, said grafting being carried out with said mixture of monomers in the presence of at least one polymerization inhibitor and at least one chain transfer agent, such that least 40.7 percent grafting is accomplished.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the fluorine-containing polymeric skeletal substrate is a homopolymer or copolymer of a fluorinated ethylene.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 2 wherein the fluorinated ethylene is tetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 2 wherein the fluorinated ethylene is chlorotrifluoroethylene.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 2 wherein the copolymer comprises hexafluoropropylene units.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 3 wherein the fluorine-containing polymeric skeletal substrate is polytetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process according to claim 4 wherein the fluorine-containing polymeric substrate is polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 2 wherein the fluorine-containing polymeric substrate is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexfluoropropylene wherein the hexafluoropropylene incorporated in the said copolymer is in the concentration range of 3.5-12.5% w/w.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process according to any claim 1 wherein the compounds of formula I and II are pentafluorobutenoic acid and C 1 to C 6 alkyl pentafluorobutenoates.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process according to claim 9 wherein the said C 1 to C 6 alkyl pentafluorobutenoates are methyl pentafluorobutenoate and ethyl pentafluorobutenoate.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the non-functional monomers of formula III are tetrafluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of functional monomer to non-functional monomer is in the range of 9:1 to 1:20.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 12 wherein the said molar ratio is in the range of 4:1 to 1:4.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 12 wherein the said molar ratio is in the range of 2:1 to 1:2.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the radiation grafting is by irradiation by any one form of radiation selected from the group consisting of γ-rays, X-rays and electron beams.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the mixture of monomers is dissolved in a solvent capable of swelling the substrate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein before addition of the monomers the diaphragm is treated with a solvent capable of swelling the diaphragm.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 16 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, trichlorotrifluoroethane and oligomers of tetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the polymerization inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of p-benzoquinone, naphthaquinone, hydroquinone in the presence of oxygen, copper acetate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-oxide, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazine-N-oxide, and chloranil.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the polymerization inhibitor is in the concentration range of 0.001 to 2% w/w of the total mixture of monomers and charger transfer agent.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process according to claim 20 wherein the concentration range is 0.01 to 0.5% w/w.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the chain transfer agent is a solvent selected from the group consisting of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dimethylformamide and mixtures thereof.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the concentration of the monomers in the chain transfer solvent is in the range of 10 to 60% w/w.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process according to claim 23 wherein the said range is 30-50% w/w.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
11 words
A cation exchange resin made by the process of claim 1.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
10 words
A perm-selective membrane made from the resin of claim 26.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3839172A
Cited
JPS5032289A
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US4094826A
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EP0032021A2
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US4385130A
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US4278777A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-11-06 | 1988-05-07 | 1988-11-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-11-06 | 1992-05-07 | 1992-11-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-11-06 | 1996-05-07 | 1996-11-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |