US4507612A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Metal detector systems for identifying targets in mineralized ground
Assignee: FIRST TEXAS MANUFACTURING Co
•
Filing: 1981-11-25
•
Granted: 1985-03-26
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Expires: 2001-11-25
Abstract
Abstract Synchronous demodulators demodulate the signal developed in a receive coil coupled to an oscillator driven transmit coil and produce signals that include target pulses when the detector head housing the transmit and receive coils passes over a metallic object (e.g., a target) buried in the ground. The signals are processed to remove ground mineralization information and to determine the "phase angle" of the target, which angle uniquely identifies the detected target. The tangent of the phase angle is determined using either implicit division (sometimes referred to as steepest descent division) or direct division. Regardless of which division technique is used, as the signals are processed, they are continuously filtered to remove ground mineralization information. In addition, the target component of the signals is converted from pulse form into ringing signal form. The ringing signals are processed in a manner that maintains phase correlation between the signals and produces the desired phase angle information. Regardless of how implemented the phase angle information is only determined when the detector head is passing over the target, each such pass improving the accuracy of the result. Further, if the target signals being processed reach a magnitude sufficient to saturate the amplifiers used in various circuits, phase angle determination is inhibited. In addition, the depth of the target is determined by analyzing the magnitude of the target pulse produced when the detector head passes over a target. Both the target identity and the depth signals are displayed on juxtaposed LCD bar graphs. The depth display enhances the target identity display, particularly in situations where the phase angle of undesirable targets (e.g., pull tabs) is close to the phase angle of desirable targets (e.g., $2.50, $5.00 and $10.00 gold pieces).
Inventors
- 👤 George C. Payne
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 12:05
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01V; G01V3/00; G01V3/08; G01V3/10; G01V3/104; G01V3/105
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 77
Claim 1
Independent Claim
234 words
A metal detector system for identifying metal targets located in mineralized ground comprising: (A) a signal production subsystem including: (1) detector means, including coil means and oscillator means for driving said coil means, for producing a detector signal that includes a target component when relative movement occurs between said coil means and a suitably close metal target, said detector signal also including a ground mineralization component when said metal target is buried in mineralized ground; and, (2) electronic means coupled to said detector means for receiving said detector signal and producing at least one target signal, said target signal including a target component containing information about the phase angle of said metal target and a ground mineralization component when said metal target is buried in mineralized ground; (B) a signal processor including a target identifying subsystem coupled to said electronic means for: (a) receiving said target signal; (b) removing substantially all of said ground mineralization component from said target signal; (c) determining the phase angle of said metal target only during the period of time said target component is present in said target signal; and, (d) producing a TARGET IDENTITY signal having a parameter that varies in accordance with said phase angle; and, (C) display means coupled to said signal processor for receiving said TARGET IDENTITY signal and displaying said parameter of said TARGET IDENTITY signal that varies in accordance with said phase angle.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
234 words
A metal detector system for identifying metal targets located in mineralized ground comprising: (A) a signal production subsystem including: (1) detector means, including coil means and oscillator means for driving said coil means, for producing a detector signal that includes a target component when relative movement occurs between said coil means and a suitably close metal target, said detector signal also including a ground mineralization component when said metal target is buried in mineralized ground; and, (2) electronic means coupled to said detector means for receiving said detector signal and producing at least one target signal, said target signal including a target component containing information about the phase angle of said metal target and a ground mineralization component when said metal target is buried in mineralized ground; (B) a signal processor including a target identifying subsystem coupled to said electronic means for: (a) receiving said target signal; (b) removing substantially all of said ground mineralization component from said target signal; (c) determining the phase angle of said metal target only during the period of time said target component is present in said target signal; and, (d) producing a TARGET IDENTITY signal having a parameter that varies in accordance with said phase angle; and, (C) display means coupled to said signal processor for receiving said TARGET IDENTITY signal and displaying said parameter of said TARGET IDENTITY signal that varies in accordance with said phase angle.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
103 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 1 wherein: (a) said target component of said target signal also contains information about the distance between said metal target and said coil means; (b) said signal processor also includes a target depth subsystem for determining the depth of said target based on said distance information and produces a TARGET DEPTH signal having a parameter that varies in accordance with target depth; and, (c) said display is also coupled to said signal processor for receiving said TARGET DEPTH signal and displaying the parameter of said TARGET DEPTH signal that varies in accordance with target depth.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said target identifying subsystem of said signal processor removes said ground mineralization component from said target signal by filtering said one target signal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
187 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 3 wherein: (A) said electronic means of said signal production subsystem produces two target signals, V R and V X , both of said target signals including a target component containing information about the phase angle of said metal target, said V X signal including a substantial ground mineralization component when said metal target is buried in mineralized ground; and, (B) said target identifying subsystem of said signal processor also: (a) receives said second target signal; (b) filters said second target signal to remove said ground mineralization component therefrom in a manner that maintains phase correlation between the target components of the filtered form of said two target signals; and, (c) determines the phase angle of said target by dividing the target component of one of said target signals into the target component of the other of said target signals, the results of said division controling the magnitude and polarity of the voltage of said TARGET IDENTITY signal, said voltage forming the parameter of said TARGET IDENTITY signal that varies in accordance with the phase angle of said target.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 4 wherein said V R and V X signals are in phase quadrature.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
184 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 4 wherein said electronic means of said signal production subsystem includes: a phase shift preamplifier having its input connected to said coil means of said detector means; a demodulator switching generator connected to said oscillator means for receiving the signal applied to said coil means by said oscillator means and for producing a pair of demodulation signals having the same frequency as the frequency of the signal applied to said coil means by said oscillator means, said pair of demodulation signals having a predetermined phase relationship; a V X demodulator having an unknown signal input connected to the output of said phase shift preamplifier and a demodulation signal input connected to one output of said demodulator switching generator, the output of said V X demodulator forming said V X signal; and, a V R demodulator having an unknown signal input connected to the output of said phase shift preamplifier and a demodulation signal input connected to the second output of said demodulator switching generator, the output of said V R demodulator forming said V R signal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
108 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 6 wherein said electronic means of said signal production subsystem also includes a V GB amplifier having two inputs connected to the outputs of said V X and V R demodulators, said V GB amplifier combining said V X and V R signals in a manner that removes substantially all of the ground mineralization components therefrom and produces a V GB signal, said V GB signal being in the form of a pulse whose magnitude is dependent upon the distance between said metal target and said coil means when said V X and V R signals include a target component.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
72 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 7 wherein said signal processor also includes a target depth subsystem connected to the output of said V GB amplifier for receiving said V GB signal and determining the depth of said target based on the magnitude of said V GB pulses and producing in accordance therewith a TARGET DEPTH signal having a parameter that varies in accordance with the depth of said target.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
60 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 8 wherein the results of said determination of the depth of said target based on the magnitude of said V GB pulses controls the current magnitude of said TARGET DEPTH signal, said current magnitude forming the parameter of said TARGET DEPTH signal that varies in accordance with the depth of said target.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
64 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 9 wherein said display means includes first and second displays, said first display coupled to said target identifying subsystem to receive said TARGET IDENTITY signal and display the voltage magnitude of said signal, said second display coupled to said target depth subsystem to receive said TARGET DEPTH signal and display the current magnitude of said signal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 10 wherein said first and second displays are liquid crystal bar graph displays.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 11 wherein said first and second liquid crystal bar graph displays are located adjacent to one another.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
109 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 7 wherein said target identifying subsystem includes: a divider section coupled to said V X and V R demodulators for receiving said V X and V R signals and determining the phase angle of said target by determining the ratio between the voltage magnitude of the target components of said V X and V R signals; and, a control section coupled to said V GB amplifier for receiving said V GB pulses and coupled to said divider to enabling said divider only during the period of time a V GB pulses of predetermined magnitude is produced by said V GB amplifier.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 13 wherein said target components of said V X and V R signals are both in the form of pulses.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 14 wherein said divider section is an implicit divider.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
341 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 14 wherein said implicit divider comprises: V X filtering means connected to said V X demodulator for receiving said V X signal, removing a substantial portion of said ground mineralization component from said V X signal and converting the target component of said V X signal from pulse form to sinusoidal form; V R filtering means connected to said V R demodulator for receiving said V R signal, removing a substantial portion of said ground mineralization component from said V R signal and converting the target component of said V R signal from pulse form to sinusoidal form such that said sinusoidal form of said target component of said V R signal is phase correlated with said sinusoidal form of the target component of said V X signal; modulation means connected to said V R filtering means for pulse width--pulse height modulating said sinusoidal form of said target component of said V R signal such that the polarity and width of the pulses is determined by the polarity and magnitude of a feedback signal whose magnitude and polarity is directly related to the phase angle of said metal target and the height of the pulses is determined by the magnitude of said sinusoidal form of said target component of said V R signal; a summer connected to the output of said modulation means and to the output of said V X filtering means for combining said modulated sinusoidal form of said target component of said V R signal with said sinusoidal form of said target component of said V X signal and producing a sinusoidal output signal in accordance therewith whose magnitude is related to the magnitude of the difference between said signals; and, demodulation means connected to the output of said summer for demodulating said sinusoidal output signal produced by said summer and producing said feedback signal whose polarity and magnitude is directly related to the phase angle of said metal target producing and applying said feedback signal to said modulation means.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
23 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 16 wherein said control section is coupled to said demodulation means of said implicit divider.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
246 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 16 wherein said demodulation means of said implicit divider comprises: filtering means connected to the output of said summer for removing substantially any ground mineralization component present in said sinusoidal output signal produced by said summer and for converting said sinusoidal output signal produced by said summer into a ringing signal; an automatic gain control circuit connected to the output of said filtering means for demodulating said ringing signal converted by said filtering means and producing, in accordance therewith, a plurality of pulses on one of two outputs, the width of said pulses being related to the magnitude of said ringing signals, the output on which said pulses occur being dependent upon whether the phase angle of said metal target is greater or less than phase angle of the last detected target as determined by the polarity and magnitude of said feedback signal; a logic circuit connected to the two outputs of said automatic gain control circuit for receiving the pulses produced on said outputs and for producing fixed magnitude bi-polar output pulses in accordance therewith, the polarity of said bi-polar pulses being dependent upon which of the two output lines of said automatic gain control circuit a pulse occurs; and, an integrator connected to the output of said logic circuit for integrating the bi-polar pulses produced by said logic circuit and producing, in accordance therewith, said feedback signal, said feedback signal also forming said TARGET IDENTITY signal.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
24 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 18 wherein the output of said control section is connected to said automatic gain control circuit.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
110 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 18 wherein said control section of said target identifying subsystem includes: an R window circuit coupled to said V GB amplifier for producing an R WINDOW signal that shifts from a first state to a second state during the period of time the magnitude of a V GB pulse exceeds a predetermined level, said R WINDOW signal being applied to said automatic gain control circuit in a manner that disables said automatic gain control circuit when said R WINDOW signal is in said first state and enables said automatic gain control circuit when said R WINDOW signal is in said second state.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
188 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 20 wherein: said electronic means of said signal production subsystem also includes a V GB filter connected between the output of said V GB amplifier and the input of said R window circuit for converting said V GB pulses into ringing signals such that the frequency of said ringing signals is the same as the frequency of said ringing signals converted by said filtering means from said sinusoidal output signals produced by said summer; and, said R window circuit produces, in addition to said R WINDOW signal, a pair of anti-phase square wave signals, +R and -R, such that said +R and -R signals have the same frequency as said V GB ringing signals and are in phase or 180 degrees out of phase with said ringing signals converted by said filtering means from said sinusoidal output signals produced by said summer, said +R and -R signals being applied to said automatic gain control circuit and determining on which one of said two outputs of said automatic gain control circuit the pulses produced by said automatic gain control circuit occur.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
127 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 21 wherein said control section of said target identifying subsystem also includes: rectifier means connected to said V GB filter and to said R window circuit for receiving said V GB ringing signals and said +R and -R signals and, in accordance therewith, producing bi-polar envelope signals that track the envelopes of said V GB ringing signals; and, a triangle modulator connected to said rectifier means for receiving said bi-polar envelope signals and producing a modulated triangular signal whose magnitude tracks said bi-polar envelope signals, said modulated triangular signal being applied to said automatic gain control circuit for controlling the modulation of said ringing signals converted by said filtering means from said sinusoidal output signals produced by said summer.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
62 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 22 wherein said target identifying subsystem also includes an overdrive/enable circuit connected to said V GB filter to receive said V GB ringing signals and, in accordance therewith, enable said logic circuit during the period of time the excursions of said V GB ringing signals are present, and do not exceed a predetermined magnitude.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
221 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 22 wherein said display means includes: a voltage generating means for cyclically generating a voltage that changes from a first level to a second level in a predetermined manner; a target identification comparator connected to the output of said voltage generating means and to the output of said integrator for comparing the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal with the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and producing a two state output signal, said output signal being in a first state when the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal lies above the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and in a second state when the voltage produced by said voltage generating means lies above the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal; a target identification display; and, target identity control means connected between the output of said target identification comparator and said target identification display for controlling said target identification display in a manner that denotes the length of time that the output of said target identification comparator remains in one of its two states with respect to the cycle period of said voltage generating means, said time ratio being related to the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal and, thus, the phase angle of said metal target.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
72 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 24 wherein said signal processor also includes a target depth subsystem connected to the output of said V GB amplifier for receiving said V GB signal and determining the depth of said target based on the magnitude of said V GB pulses and producing in accordance therewith a TARGET DEPTH signal having a parameter that varies in accordance with the depth of said target.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
60 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 25 wherein the results of said determination of the depth of said target based on the magnitude of said V GB pulses controls the current magnitude of said TARGET DEPTH signal, said current magnitude forming the parameter of said TARGET DEPTH signal that varies in accordance with the depth of said target.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
224 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 26 wherein said display means also includes: a current-to-voltage converter for receiving said TARGET DEPTH signal and converting said target depth information from current form to voltage form; a target depth comparator connected to the output of said voltage generating means and to the output of current-to-voltage converter for comparing the magnitude of the output voltage of said current-to-voltage converter with the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and producing a two state output signal, said output signal being in a first state when the magnitude of the output voltage of said current-to-voltage converter lies above the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and in a second state when the voltage produced by said voltage generating means lies above the magnitude of the output voltage of said current-to-voltage converter; a target depth display; and, target depth control means connected between the output of said target depth comparator and said target depth display for controlling said target depth display in a manner that denotes the length of time the output of said target depth comparator remains in one of its two states with respect to the cycle period of said voltage generating means, said time ratio being related to the current magnitude of said TARGET DEPTH signal and, thus, the depth of said metal target.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
22 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 27 wherein the output of said voltage generating means changes in a stairstep manner.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
23 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 28 wherein said target identity and target depth displays are liquid crystal bar graph displays.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
22 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 29 wherein said liquid crystal bar graph displays are located adjacent to one another.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
148 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 6 wherein said electronic means of said signal production system produces a target presence pulse when relative movement occurs between said transmit and receive coils and said suitably close metal target and wherein said target identifying subsystem includes: a divider section coupled to said V X and V R demodulators for receiving said V X and V R signals and determining the phase angle of said target by determining the ratio between the voltage magnitude of the target components of said V X and V R signals; and, a control section coupled to said demodulation means of said signal production system for receiving said target presence pulses and coupled to said divider for enabling said divider only during the period of time a target presence pulse of predetermined magnitude is produced by said demodulation means of said signal production system.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
28 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 31 wherein said target components of said V X and V R signals are both in the form of pulses.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
17 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 32 wherein said divider section is an implicit divider.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
341 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 32 wherein said implicit divider comprises: V X filtering means connected to said V X demodulator for receiving said V X signal, removing a substantial portion of said ground mineralization component from said V X signal and converting the target component of said V X signal from pulse form to sinusoidal form; V R filtering means connected to said V R demodulator for receiving said V R signal, removing a substantial portion of said ground mineralization component from said V R signal and converting the target component of said V R signal from pulse form to sinusoidal form such that said sinusoidal form of said target component of said V R signal is phase correlated with said sinusoidal form of the target component of said V X signal; modulation means connected to said V R filtering means for pulse width--pulse height modulating said sinusoidal form of said target component of said V R signal such that the polarity and width of the pulses is determined by the polarity and magnitude of a feedback signal whose magnitude and polarity is directly related to the phase angle of said metal target and the height of the pulses is determined by the magnitude of said sinusoidal form of said target component of said V R signal; a summer connected to the output of said modulation means and to the output of said V X filtering means for combining said modulated sinusoidal form of said target component of said V R signal with said sinusoidal form of said target component of said V X signal and producing a sinusoidal output signal in accordance therewith whose magnitude is related to the magnitude of the difference between said signals; and, demodulation means connected to the output of said summer for demodulating said sinusoidal output signal produced by said summer and producing said feedback signal whose polarity and magnitude is directly related to the phase angle of said metal target producing and applying said feedback signal to said modulation means.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
23 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 34 wherein said control section is coupled to said demodulation means of said implicit divider.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
247 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 34 wherein said demodulation means of said implicit divider comprises: filtering means connected to the output of said summer for removing substantially any ground mineralization component present in said sinusoidal output signal produced by said summer and for converting said sinusoidal output signal produced by said summer into a ringing signal; an automatic gain control circuit connected to the output of said filtering means for demodulating said ringing signal converted by said filtering means and producing in accordance therewith a plurality of pulses on one of two outputs, the width of said pulses being related to the magnitude of said ringing signals, the output on which said pulses occur being dependent upon whether the phase angle of said metal target is greater or less than the phase angle of the last detected target as determined by the polarity and magnitude of said feedback signal; a logic circuit connected to the two outputs of said automatic gain control circuit for receiving the pulses produced on said outputs and for producing fixed magnitude bi-polar outputs pulses in accordance therewith, the polarity of said bi-polar pulses being dependent upon which of the two output lines of said automatic gain control circuit a pulse occurs; and, an integrator connected to the output of said logic circuit for integrating the bi-polar pulses produced by said logic circuit and producing, in accordance therewith, said feedback signal, said feedback signal also forming said TARGET IDENTITY signal.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
24 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 36 wherein the output of said control section is connected to said automatic gain control circuit.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
114 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 36 wherein said control section of said target identifying subsystem includes: an R window circuit coupled to said electronic means of said signal production subsystem for producing an R WINDOW signal that shifts from a first state to a second state during the period of time the magnitude of a target presence pulse exceeds a predetermined level, said R WINDOW signal being applied to said automatic gain control circuit in a manner that disables said automatic gain control circuit when said R WINDOW signal is in said first state and enables said automatic gain control circuit when said R WINDOW signal is in said second state.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
175 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 38 wherein: said electronic means of said signal production subsystem also includes a filter for converting said target presence pulses into ringing signals such that the frequency of said ringing signals is the same as the frequency of said ringing signals converted by said filtering means from said sinusoidal output signals produced by said summer; and, said R window circuit receives said target presence ringing signals and produces, in addition to said R WINDOW signal, a pair of anti-phase square wave signals, +R and -R, such that said +R and -R signals have the same frequency as said target presence ringing signals and are in phase or 180 degrees out of phase with said ringing signals converted by said filtering means from said sinusoidal output signals produced by said summer, said +R and -R signals being applied to said automatic gain control circuit and determining on which one of said two outputs or said automatic gain control circuit pulses produced by said automatic gain control circuit occur.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
125 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 39 wherein said control section of said target identifying subsystem also includes: rectifier means connected to said filter and to said R window circuit for receiving said target presence ringing signals and said +R and -R signals and, in accordance therewith, producing bi-polar envelope signals that track the envelopes of said target presence ringing signals; and, a triangle modulator connected to said rectifier means for receiving said bi-polar envelope signals and producing a modulated triangular signal whose magnitude tracks said bi-polar envelope signals, said modulated triangular signal being applied to said automatic gain control circuit for controlling the modulation of said ringing signals converted by said filtering means from said sinusoidal output signals produced by said summer.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
60 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 40 wherein said target identifying subsystem also includes an overdrive/enable circuit connected to said filter to receive said target presence ringing signals and, in accordance therewith, enable said logic circuit during the period of time the excursions of said target presence ringing signals are present, and do not exceed a predetermined magnitude.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
221 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 40 wherein said display means includes: a voltage generating means for cyclically generating a voltage that changes from a first level to a second level in a predetermined manner; a target identification comparator connected to the output of said voltage generating means and to the output of said integrator for comparing the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal with the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and producing a two state output signal, said output signal being in a first state when the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal lies above the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and in a second state when the voltage produced by said voltage generating means lies above the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal; a target identification display; and, target identity control means connected between the output of said target identification comparator and said target identification display for controlling said target identification display in a manner that denotes the length of time that the output of said target identification comparator remains in one of its two states with respect to the cycle period of said voltage generating means, said time ratio being related to the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal and, thus, the phase angle of said metal target.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
22 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 42 wherein the output of said voltage generating means changes in a stairstep manner.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
21 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 43 wherein said target identity display is a liquid crystal bar graph display.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
97 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 6 wherein said target identifying subsystem includes: a divider section coupled to said V X and V R demodulators for receiving said V X and V R signals and determining the phase angle of said target by determining the ratio between the voltage magnitude of the target components of said V X and V R signals; and, a control section coupled to said divider section for receiving said V R signal and enabling said divider only during the period of time said V R signal contains a target component.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
245 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 45 wherein said divider section of said target identifying subsystem comprises: V R filtering means for receiving said V R signal, removing ground information from said V R signal and converting the target component of said V R signal from pulse form into sinusoidal form; a triangle amplitude modulator connected to said V R filtering means for triangle amplitude modulating the output of said V R filtering means; V X filtering means connected to said V X demodulator for receiving said V X signal, removing ground information from said V X signal and converting the target component of said V X signal from pulse form to sinusoidal form; a pulse width modulator having a signal input connected to the output of said V X filtering means and a modulating input connected to the output of said triangle amplitude modulator for pulse width modulating the output of said V X filtering means; demodulation means connected to the output of said pulse width modulator for demodulating the width of the pulses produced by said pulse width modulator and producing bi-polar pulses having a magnitude and polarity related to the phase angle of said metal target; and, a lowpass filter connected to the output of said demodulation means for integrating said bi-polar pulses and producing a DC voltage, having a magnitude and polarity related to the phase angle of said metal target, said DC voltage forming said TARGET IDENTITY signal.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
112 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 46 wherein said control section of said target identifying subsystem includes polarity comparison means connected to the output of said V R filtering means for producing a pair of anti-phase output signals having the same frequency as the ringing signals produced on the output of said V R filtering means and in phase or 180 degrees out of phase therewith, said pair of anti-phase signals connected to said demodulator for enabling said demodulator only during the period of times one of said anti-phase signals exist, said demodulator also using said anti-phase signals to control the polarity of the bi-polar pulses produced by said demodulator.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
103 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 47 wherein said control section of said target identifying subsystem also includes window means connected to said V R filtering means for producing a target window signal that shifts from a first state to a second state and remains in said second state during the period of time a ringing signal is produced by said V R filtering means, said target window signal being applied to said polarity comparison means for enabling said polarity comparison means to produce said anti-phase signals only during the period of time said target window is in said second state.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
89 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 48 wherein said target identifying subsystem also includes overdrive control means connected to said V X filtering means and said V R filtering means for producing an overdrive control signal when signals produced by either said V R filtering means or said V X filtering means exceeds a predetermined level, the output of said overdrive control means connected to said triangle amplitude modulator to inhibit said triangle amplitude modulator when said overdrive control signal is produced by said overdrive control means.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
51 words
A metal detector system including a target identifying system as claimed in claim 49 wherein the output of said overdrive control signal is also connected to said polarity comparison means to inhibit the operation of said polarity comparison means when said overdrive control signal is produced by said overdrive control means.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
222 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 48 wherein said display means includes: a voltage generating means for cyclically generating a voltage that changes from a first level to a second level in a predetermined manner; a target identification comparator connected to the output of said voltage generating means and to the output of said lowpass filter for comparing the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal with the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and producing a two state output signal, said output signal being in a first state when the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal lies above the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and in a second state when the voltage produced by said voltage generating means lies above the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal; a target identification display; and, target identity control means connected between the output of said target identification comparator and said target identification display for controlling said target identification display in a manner that denotes the length of time that the output of said target identification comparator remains in one of its two states with respect to the cycle period of said voltage generating means, said time ratio being related to the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal and, thus, the phase angle of said metal target.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
22 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 51 wherein the output of said voltage generating means changes in a stairstep manner.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
21 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 52 wherein said target identity display is a liquid crystal bar graph display.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
188 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the magnitude and the polarity of the voltage of said TARGET IDENTITY signal form the parameter of said TARGET IDENTITY signal that varies in accordance with the phase angle of said target and wherein said demodulation means of said signal production subsystem includes: a phase shift circuit having a signal input connected to said oscillator means for receiving the signal applied to said coil means by said oscillator and a control input connected to said signal processor for receiving said TARGET IDENTITY signal, for phase shifting said oscillator signal in accordance with the magnitude and polarity of the voltage of said TARGET IDENTITY signal produced by said target identifying subsystem of said signal processor; a demodulator switching generator connected to the output of said phase shift circuit for producing demodulation signals having the same frequency as said oscillator signal; and, a demodulator having an unknown signal input coupled to said coil means of said detector means and a demodulation signal input connected to the output of said demodulator switching generator for producing said at least one target signal.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
36 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 54 wherein said demodulation means of said signal processor also includes a phase shift preamplifier connected between said coil means and said unknown signal input of said demodulator.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
69 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 54 wherein said demodulation means of said signal production subsystem produces a second target signal, V GB , said V GB signal being in the form of a pulse whose magnitude is dependent upon the distance between said target and said coil means and whose presence occurs when relative movement occurs between said coil means and said suitably close metal target.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
74 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 56 wherein said signal processor also includes a target depth subsystem connected to said demodulation means of said signal production subsystem for receiving said V GB signal and determining the depth of said target based on the magnitude of said V GB pulses and producing, in accordance therewith, a TARGET DEPTH signal having a parameter that varies in accordance with the depth of said metal target.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
60 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 57 wherein the results of said determination of the depth of said target based on the magnitude of said V GB pulses controls the current magnitude of said target depth signal, said current magnitude forming the parameter of said TARGET DEPTH signal that varies in accordance with the depth of said target.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
64 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 58 wherein said display means includes first and second displays, said first display coupled to said target identifying subsystem to receive said TARGET IDENTITY signal and display the voltage magnitude of said signal, said second display coupled to said target depth subsystem to receive said TARGET DEPTH signal and display the current magnitude of said signal.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
21 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 59 wherein said first and second displays are liquid crystal bar graph displays.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
22 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 60 wherein said liquid crystal bar graph displays are located adjacent to one another.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
99 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 56 wherein said target identifying subsystem of said signal processor includes: filtering means connected to the output of said demodulator of said demodulation means of said signal production subsystem for receiving the output of said demodulator, removing said ground mineralization component present in the target signals produced by said demodulator and converting the target component of said target signals from pulse form to ringing signal form; and, demodulation means connected to the output of said filtering means for demodulating the output of said filtering means and producing said TARGET IDENTITY signal.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
45 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 62 wherein said target identifying subsystem includes a control section that enables said demodulation means only during the period of time a V GB pulse signal is produced by said demodulation means of said signal production subsystem.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
202 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 63 wherein said demodulation means of said target identifying subsystem also includes: an automatic gain control circuit connected to the output of said filtering means for demodulating the ringing signals converted by said filtering means and producing, in accordance therewith, a plurality of pulses on one of two outputs, the width of said pulses being related to the magnitude of said ringing signals, the output on which said pulses occur being dependent upon whether the phase angle of said metal target is greater or less than the phase angle of the last detected target as determined by the magnitude and polarity of said TARGET IDENTITY signal; a logic circuit connected to the two outputs of said automatic gain control circuit for receiving the pulses produced on said two outputs and for producing fixed magnitude bi-polar output pulses in accordance therewith, the polarity of said bi-polar pulses being dependent upon which of the two output lines of said automatic gain control circuit a pulse occurs; and, an integrator connected to the output of said logic circuit for integrating the bi-polar pulses produced by said logic circuit and producing, in accordance therewith, said TARGET IDENTITY signal.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
29 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 64 wherein the output of said control section of said target identifying subsystem is connected to said automatic gain control circuit.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
120 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 65 wherein said control section of said target identifying subsystem includes: an R window circuit connected to said electronic means of said signal production subsystem for receiving said V GB signal and producing an R WINDOW signal that shifts from a first state to a second state during the period of time the magnitude of said V GB pulses exceeds a predetermined level, said R WINDOW signal being applied to said automatic gain control circuit in a manner that disables said automatic gain control circuit when said R WINDOW signal is in said first state and enables said automatic gain control circuit when said R WINDOW signal is in said second state.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
158 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 66 wherein said electronic means of said signal production subsystem also produces a V GB ringing signal having a frequency the same as the ringing signal converted by said filtering means from target pulse form; and, said R window circuit is connected to said electronic means of said signal production subsystem for receiving said V GB ringing signal and producing in addition to said R WINDOW signal a pair of anti-phase square waves, +R and -R, such that said +R and -R signals have the same frequency as said V GB ringing signal and are in phase or 180 degrees out of phase with said ringing signals converted by said filtering means, said +R and said -R signals being applied to said automatic gain control circuit and determining on which one of said two outputs of said automatic gain control circuit pulses produced by said automatic gain control circuit occur.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
123 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 76 wherein said control section of said target identifying subsystem also includes: rectifier means connected to said electronic means of said signal production subsystem for receiving said V GB ringing signal and to said R window circuit for receiving said +R and -R signals and, in accordance therewith, producing bi-polar envelope signals that track the envelopes of said V GB ringing signal; and, a triangle modulator connector to said rectifier means for receiving said bi-polar envelope signals and producing a modulated triangular signal whose magnitude tracks said bi-polar envelope signals, said modulated triangular signal being applied to said automatic gain control circuit for controlling the modulation of the ringing signals converted by said filtering means.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
60 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 68 wherein said target identifying subsystem also includes an overdrive/enable circuit connected to receive said V GB ringing signal and, in accordance therewith, enables said logic circuit during the period of time the excursions of said ringing form of said V GB signal are present, and do not exceed a predetermined magnitude.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
221 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 68 wherein said display means includes: a voltage generating means for cyclically generating a voltage that changes from a first level to a second level in a predetermined manner; a target identification comparator connected to the output of said voltage generating means and to the output of said integrator for comparing the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal with the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and producing a two state output signal, said output signal being in a first state when the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal lies above the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and in a second state when the voltage produced by said voltage generating means lies above the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal; a target identification display; and, target identity control means connected between the output of said target identification comparator and said target identification display for controlling said target identification display in a manner that denotes the length of time that the output of said target identification comparator remains in one of its two states with respect to the cycle period of said voltage generating means, said time ratio being related to the voltage magnitude of said TARGET IDENTITY signal and, thus, the phase angle of said metal target.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
73 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 70 wherein said signal processor also includes a target depth subsystem connected to said electronic means of said signal processor subsystem for receiving said V GB signal and determining the depth of said target based on the magnitude of said V GB pulses and producing in accordance therewith a TARGET DEPTH signal having a parameter that varies in accordance with the depth of said target.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
60 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 71 wherein the results of said determination of the depth of said target based on the magnitude of said V GB pulses controls the current magnitude of said TARGET DEPTH signal, said current magnitude forming the parameter of said TARGET DEPTH signal that varies in accordance with the depth of said target.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
224 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 72 wherein said display means also includes: a current-to-voltage converter for receiving said TARGET DEPTH signal and converting said target depth information from current form to voltage form; a target depth comparator connected to the output of said voltage generating means and to the output of current-to-voltage converter for comparing the magnitude of the output voltage of said current-to-voltage converter with the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and producing a two state output signal, said output signal being in a first state when the magnitude of the output voltage of said current-to-voltage converter lies above the voltage produced by said voltage generating means and in a second state when the voltage produced by said voltage generating means lies above the magnitude of the output voltage of said current-to-voltage converter; a target depth display; and, target depth control means connected between the output of said target depth comparator and said target depth display for controlling said target depth display in a manner that denotes the length of time the output of said target depth comparator remains in one of its two states with respect to the cycle period of said voltage generating means, said time ratio being related to the current magnitude of said TARGET DEPTH signal and, thus, the depth of said metal target.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
22 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 73 wherein the output of said voltage generating means changes in a stairstep manner.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
23 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 74 wherein said target identity and target depth displays are liquid crystal bar graph displays.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
22 words
A metal detector system as claimed in claim 75 wherein said liquid crystal bar graph displays are located adjacent to one another.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-03-25 | 1988-09-24 | 1989-03-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-03-25 | 1992-09-24 | 1993-03-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-03-25 | 1996-09-24 | 1997-03-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |