US4608489A
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Method and apparatus for dynamically segmenting a bar code
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1984-06-04
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Granted: 1986-08-26
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Expires: 2004-06-04
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus are disclosed for reading a two-dimensional bar code having bars located nominally at predetermined pitch increments. The invention provides a method and apparatus for reading a two-dimensional bar code and dynamically segmenting it into individual bars on a real time basis, as it is read. The segmentation is done on a bar-to-bar basis, and may be adjusted for an individual bar as necessary. The method and apparatus locate the bar data, scan it, and create a profile vector having elements based upon the amount of image data in each scan. The vector is compared to a predetermined stored set of vector elements representing the likelihood that each scan line of image data contains bar image data. Those scan lines of image data corresponding to a bar image are sent to recognition logic and those scan lines of image data corresponding to a space are disregarded.
Inventors
- 👤 David A. Ramsey
- 👤 Clair F. Rohe
- 👤 Thomas E. Sawicki
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 19:53
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06K; G06K7/00; G06K7/10; G06K7/10544; G06K7/10821; G06K7/1092
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
134 words
In a system for reading a two-dimensional bar code having bars located nominally at predetermined pitch increments, a method for processing bar image data comprising: scanning the bar code at predetermined increments to produce scan lines of elements of image data of either a first or a second state to reflect either a bar image scan or a space image scan; generating from the scan lines of image data a profile vector having elements representing the likelihood that each scan line of image data contains bar image data; and transferring to recognition means only those scan lines of image data corresponding to generated profile vector elements meeting predetermined criteria representative of a bar image scan, and disregarding those scan lines of image data corresponding to generated profile vector elements not meeting the predetermined criteria.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
134 words
In a system for reading a two-dimensional bar code having bars located nominally at predetermined pitch increments, a method for processing bar image data comprising: scanning the bar code at predetermined increments to produce scan lines of elements of image data of either a first or a second state to reflect either a bar image scan or a space image scan; generating from the scan lines of image data a profile vector having elements representing the likelihood that each scan line of image data contains bar image data; and transferring to recognition means only those scan lines of image data corresponding to generated profile vector elements meeting predetermined criteria representative of a bar image scan, and disregarding those scan lines of image data corresponding to generated profile vector elements not meeting the predetermined criteria.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the step of scanning the bar code further comprises scanning a starting symbol at a predetermined location with respect to the bar code.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the step of scanning the bar code comprises scanning at nominally fixed pitch increments that are submultiples of the predetermined pitch to produce successive scan lines of image data for each bar pitch.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
67 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the image element first state comprises a picture element of a high color density and the image element of a second state comprises a picture element of a low color density and wherein the step of scanning the bar code comprises producing scan lines of elements of image data representing image elements of either a first or a second color density.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the step of generating a profile vector includes counting the number of elements of image data of a first state in each scan line.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the step of generating a profile vector element includes storing the count of the number of elements of image data in a location corresponding to the scan line it represents.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
69 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the step of generating a profile vector further comprises comparing each count of the number of elements of image data of a first state in each scan line to predeterminable criteria to determine whether each associated scan line of image data represents a bar image scan or a space image scan, and generating a binary scan signal representative thereof for each scan line.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the step of transferring the scan lines further comprises transferring each scan line in its respective order and position with respect to other scan lines.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
196 words
In a system for reading a two-dimensional bar code having bars located nominally at predetermined pitch increments, a method for generating and processing bar image data comprising the steps of: scanning the bar code at predetermined increments in a direction parallel to the bar longitudinal axis to produce scan lines of elements of image data for each bar pitch of either a first or a second state to reflect either a bar image scan or a space image scan; counting the number of elements of image data of a first state for each scan line; comparing each count to predeterminable criteria to determine whether each associated scan line of image data represents a bar image scan or a space image scan and generating a binary scan signal representative thereof for each scan line; generating a scan profile vector by sequentially accumulating the binary scan signals in units of one bar pitch plus one bar width; and comparing the generated scan profile vector to predetermined criteria and delivering selected ones of the associated scan lines of image data for further processing and disregarding selected others of the associated scan lines of image data based upon said comparison.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
196 words
In a system for reading a two-dimensional bar code having bars located nominally at predetermined pitch increments, a method for generating and processing bar image data comprising the steps of: scanning the bar code at predetermined increments in a direction parallel to the bar longitudinal axis to produce scan lines of elements of image data for each bar pitch of either a first or a second state to reflect either a bar image scan or a space image scan; counting the number of elements of image data of a first state for each scan line; comparing each count to predeterminable criteria to determine whether each associated scan line of image data represents a bar image scan or a space image scan and generating a binary scan signal representative thereof for each scan line; generating a scan profile vector by sequentially accumulating the binary scan signals in units of one bar pitch plus one bar width; and comparing the generated scan profile vector to predetermined criteria and delivering selected ones of the associated scan lines of image data for further processing and disregarding selected others of the associated scan lines of image data based upon said comparison.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the step of scanning the bar code comprises scanning at increments that are submultiples of the predetermined pitch.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the step of counting the number of elements of image data of a first state further comprises storing each of said counts.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
80 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the step of comparing each count to predeterminable criteria comprises comparing each count to a first value indicative of a bar image scan, a second value exclusive of said first value indicative of a space image scan, and a third value exclusive of the first and second values, the third value being a function of the count of the number of elements of image data of a first state for an adjacent scan line.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
74 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the step of comparing the stored count with a first value indicative of a bar image scan comprises: comparing the stored count with a first predetermined minimum number of image data elements of a first state to identify a bar image scan; and comparing the stored count with a second, higher predetermined minimum number of image data elements of a first state to identify a starting symbol scan.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the step of sequentially scanning the bar code comprises scanning at least a portion of one bar at a time.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 9 wherein all of the steps are performed on a substantially real time basis as the scan lines of image data are produced.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
63 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the step of delivering selected ones of the associated scan lines of image data comprises delivering about the initial one third of the scan lines of image data, and the step of disregarding selected others of the associated scan lines of image data comprises disregarding about the middle one third of the scan lines of image data.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
57 words
The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of generating a successive scan vector by sequentially accumulating the binary scan signals remaining after delivering selected ones of the scan lines of image data and disregarding selected others of the scan lines of image data with the binary scan signals representing the next successive one bar pitch.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 9 wherein all of the steps are repeated until a scan vector has been generated for substantially each bar in the bar code.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the step of scanning the bar code further comprises normalizing the scan lines of image data with respect to a starting symbol.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
141 words
In a system for reading a two-dimensional bar code having bars located nominally at predetermined pitch increments, apparatus for generating and processing bar image data comprising: means for scanning the bar code at predetermined increments to produce scan lines of elements of image data of either a first or a second state to reflect either a bar image scan or a space image scan; means for generating, from the scan lines of image data, a profile vector having elements representing the likelihood that each scan line of image data contains bar image data; and means for transferring to recognition means only those scan lines of image data corresponding to generated profile vector elements meeting predetermined criteria representative of a bar image scan, and disregarding those scan lines of image data corresponding to generated profile vector elements not meeting the predetermined criteria.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
141 words
In a system for reading a two-dimensional bar code having bars located nominally at predetermined pitch increments, apparatus for generating and processing bar image data comprising: means for scanning the bar code at predetermined increments to produce scan lines of elements of image data of either a first or a second state to reflect either a bar image scan or a space image scan; means for generating, from the scan lines of image data, a profile vector having elements representing the likelihood that each scan line of image data contains bar image data; and means for transferring to recognition means only those scan lines of image data corresponding to generated profile vector elements meeting predetermined criteria representative of a bar image scan, and disregarding those scan lines of image data corresponding to generated profile vector elements not meeting the predetermined criteria.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said means for scanning the bar code comprises means for scanning the bar code in a direction parallel to the bar code longitudinal axis.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said means for scanning the bar code comprises means for scanning the bar code in increments that are sub-multiples of the bar pitch.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
102 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said means for generating a profile vector comprises: means for counting the number of elements of image data of a first state in each scan line; means for comparing each count for each scan line with predeterminable criteria to determine whether the associated scan line of image data represents a bar image scan or a space image scan, and for generating a binary scan signal representative thereof for each scan line; and means for generating the scan profile vector by sequentially accumulating the binary scan signals in units of one bar pitch plus one bar width.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
76 words
The apparatus of claim 23 wherein said means for comparing each count with predeterminable criteria includes: first discriminatory test means for detecting a scan comprising primarily elements of a first state; second discriminatory test means for detecting a scan comprising primarily elements of a second state; and third discriminatory test means for determining whether an image scan not satisfying said first or second or discriminatory test means comprises primarily elements of a first or second state.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
36 words
The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said third discriminatory test means comprises means for comparing the count of a selected scan line of image data with the count of an adjacent scan line of image data.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
59 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the means for transferring to recognition means comprises means for applying a first set of discriminatory tests to the generated profile vector to identify those scan lines of image data most likely to represent a bar image scan and those scan lines of image data most likely to represent a space image scan.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 20 further comprising means for recognizing a starting symbol.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 27 further comprising means for normalizing the scan lines of image data with respect to a starting symbol.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus of claim 28 wherein said means for normalizing the scan lines of image data comprises means for determining the approximate center of the starting symbol.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-08-25 | 1990-02-24 | 1990-08-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-08-25 | 1994-02-24 | 1994-08-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-08-25 | 1998-02-24 | 1998-08-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |