US4801512A
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Reversible electrochemical doping of conjugated polymers and secondary batteries based thereon
Assignee: University Patents Inc
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Filing: 1987-11-20
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Granted: 1989-01-31
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Expires: 2007-11-20
Abstract
Abstract Conjugated polymers are doped with ionic dopant species to a preselected room temperature electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, by means of reversible electrochemical doping procedures. The doping procedures are carried out in an electrochemical cell wherein the polymer to be doped is employed as one or both of the electrodes, and the electrolyte is a compound which is ionizable into the ionic dopant species to a p-type material; or if used as the cathode, becomes doped with a cationic dopant species to an n-type material.
Inventors
- 👤 Alan G. MacDiarmid
- 👤 Alan J. Heeger
- 👤 Paul J. Nigrey
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 00:12
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M10/00; H01M10/36; H01B; H01B1/00; H01B1/06; H01B1/12; H01B1/124; H01B1/125; H10; H10K; H10K71/00; H10K71/30; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
93 words
A secondary battery comprising an anode means, a cathode means, and a electrolyte at least one of said electrode means including as an electrode active material a conjugated polymer which is characterized as having conjugated unsaturation along a main backbone chain thereof; said polymer being either oxidized or reduced to an electrically conducting state wherein it is doped with at least one ionic dopant species; said electrolyte comprising said ionic dopant species or a compound ionizable to form said ionic dopant species; said electrolyte being non-aqueous and inert with respect to the electrodes.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
93 words
A secondary battery comprising an anode means, a cathode means, and a electrolyte at least one of said electrode means including as an electrode active material a conjugated polymer which is characterized as having conjugated unsaturation along a main backbone chain thereof; said polymer being either oxidized or reduced to an electrically conducting state wherein it is doped with at least one ionic dopant species; said electrolyte comprising said ionic dopant species or a compound ionizable to form said ionic dopant species; said electrolyte being non-aqueous and inert with respect to the electrodes.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
The secondary battery of claim 1 wherein the conjugated polymer is doped with a cationic dopant species to an n-type electrically conducting state.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
73 words
The secondary battery of claim 2 wherein the cationic dopant species is a cation of a metal whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.6 or is an organic cation selected from the group consisting of R 4-x MH x and R 3 E + wherein R is alkyl or aryl, M is N, P or As, E is O or S and x is an integer ranging from 0 to 4.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
34 words
The secondary battery of claim 2 wherein the cathode means comprises the conjugated polymer and the anode means comprises an anode active means a metal whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.0.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The secondary battery of claim 1 wherein the cathode means comprises the conjugated polymer and the anode means comprises lithium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
The secondary battery of claim 1 wherein the anode means comprises the conjugated polymer.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The secondary battery of claim 1 wherein the conjugated polymer is doped with an anionic dopant species to a p-type electrically conducting state.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
The secondary battery of claim 7 wherein the cathode means comprises the conjugated polymer and the anode means comprises as anode active means a metal whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.6.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
The secondary battery of claim 7 wherein the cathode means comprises the conjugated polymer and the anode means comprises an anode active means a metal whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.0.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The secondary battery of claim 7 wherein the cathode means comprises the conjugated polymer and the anode means is lithium.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
124 words
A reversible method for modifying the electrical conductivity of a conjugated polymer comprising: providing an electrochemical cell comprising an anode means, a cathode means, and an electrolyte at least one of said electrode means including as an electrode active material said conjugated polymer which is characterized as having conjugated unsaturation along a main backbone chain thereof; said electrolyte comprising an ionic dopant species or a compound ionizable to form an ionic dopant species; said electrolyte being non-aqueous and inert with respect to the electrodes, comprising; operating the cell so as to effect either an increase or a decrease in the oxidation state of the conjugated polymer and a doping of the polymer with the ionic dopant species to attain said modification of electrical conductivity.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
124 words
A reversible method for modifying the electrical conductivity of a conjugated polymer comprising: providing an electrochemical cell comprising an anode means, a cathode means, and an electrolyte at least one of said electrode means including as an electrode active material said conjugated polymer which is characterized as having conjugated unsaturation along a main backbone chain thereof; said electrolyte comprising an ionic dopant species or a compound ionizable to form an ionic dopant species; said electrolyte being non-aqueous and inert with respect to the electrodes, comprising; operating the cell so as to effect either an increase or a decrease in the oxidation state of the conjugated polymer and a doping of the polymer with the ionic dopant species to attain said modification of electrical conductivity.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the change in the oxidation state of said conjugated polymer and doping of the polymer with ionic dopant species are such that the resulting doped polymer has a preselected room temperature electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor regime behavior to that characteristic of the metallic regime.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the electrical conductivity is in the metallic regime.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the cell is operated to increase the oxidation state of the conjugated polymer and said polymer is doped with an anionic dopant species.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the cell is operated to decrease the oxidation state of the conjugated polymer and said polymer is doped with a cationic dopant species.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the operation of the cell converts the cell into a charged secondary battery.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4321114A
Cited
US4442187A
Cited
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