US4851316A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Liquid toner compositions with amino acids and polyvalent metal complexes as charge control additives
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1987-12-24
•
Granted: 1989-07-25
•
Expires: 2007-12-24
Abstract
Abstract A positively charged liquid toner composition comprised of a liquid carrier vehicle component, binder resin particles, pigment particles; and a charge enhancing additive comprised of a lake complex obtained by the reaction of an amino acid and a polyvalent metal.
Inventors
- 👤 Chin H. Lu
- 👤 Joseph S. Chow
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 07:34
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/12; G03G9/135
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
52 words
A positively charged liquid toner composition comprised of a liquid carrier vehicle component, binder resin particles, pigment particles, and a charge enhancing additive comprised of a lake complex obtained by the reaction of an amino acid and a polyvalent metal, which charge enhancing additive is insoluble in the liquid carrier vehicle component.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
52 words
A positively charged liquid toner composition comprised of a liquid carrier vehicle component, binder resin particles, pigment particles, and a charge enhancing additive comprised of a lake complex obtained by the reaction of an amino acid and a polyvalent metal, which charge enhancing additive is insoluble in the liquid carrier vehicle component.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
48 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amino acid selected is of the formula R 1 --CHNH 2 --R 2 --COOH, wherein R 1 is an alkyl group, or a hydroxylated alkyl group; and R 2 is an alkylene substituent, or a hydroxylated alkylene substituent.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
40 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polyvalent metal is of the formula M.sub.x A.sub.y wherein M is a polyvalent cation, A is an anion, and x and y are numbers of from 1 to about 4.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
44 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of coco-beta amino butyric acid, tallow-beta-aminobutyric acid, coco-alpha-amino-butyric acid, coco-gamma-aminobutyric acid, coco-alpha-amino-propionic acid, coco-beta-amino-propionic acid, soya-beta-aminobutyric acid, octadecyl-beta-aminobutyric acid, hexadecyl-beta-aminobutyric acid, dodecyl-alphaaminopropionic acid, and tetradecyl-alpha-amino-beta-hydroxy-butyric acid.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, calcium, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, nickel, iron, zinc, titanium, and zirconium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, chlorate, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, and chromate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
A tone composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are present in an amount of from about 0.2 percent to about 20 percent by weight.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resinous polymeric binders are selected from the group consisting of acrylics, hydrocarbon resins, vinyl toluene polymers, vinyl toluene/butadiene copolymers, vinyl toluene/acrylic copolymers, styrene acrylates, and styrene methacrylates.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resinous binder is present in an amount of from about 0.2 percent to about 40 percent.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the liquid vehicle is Isopar®.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 containing a dispersant component therein.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles containing thereover a coating of the charge enhancing additive complex lake.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
48 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the amino acid selected is of the formula R 1 --CHNH 2 --R 2 --COOH, wherein R 1 is an alkyl group, or a hydroxylated alkyl group; and R 2 is an alkylene substituent, or a hydroxylated alkylene substituent.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 13 wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
31 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the polyvalent metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, calcium, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, nickel, iron, zinc, titanium, and zirconium.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
40 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the polyvalent metal is of the formula M.sub.x A.sub.y wherein M is a polyvalent cation, A is an anion, and x and y are numbers of from 1 to about 4.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 16 wherein the anion A is a halide.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
24 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 17 wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, chlorate, and chromate.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the pigment particles are comprised of carbon black.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the pigment particles are comprised of magnetites.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
25 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the pigment particles are selected from the group consisting of cyan, magneta, yellow, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the liquid vehicle carrier is a hydrocarbon.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the toner includes therein a dispersing additive.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the resin particles are acrylics.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the resin particles are vinyl toluene/acrylic copolymers.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the resin particles are vinyl toluene/butadiene copolymers.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resistivity thereof is greater 10 10 ohm-cm.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method of imaging which comprises the formation of an image on an electrographic medium in an electrostatic plotter device, and thereafter developing this image with the liquid toner composition of claim 1.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method of imaging which comprises the formation of an image on an electrographic medium in an electrostatic plotter device, and thereafter developing this image with the liquid toner composition of claim 12.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 28 wherein there is selected for the toner composition resin particles selected from the group consisting of acrylics, hydrocarbon resins, vinyl toluene polymers, vinyl toluene/butadiene copolymers, vinyl toluene acrylate copolymers, styrene acrylates, and styrene methacrylates.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 28 wherein the toner composition contains as the liquid carrier Isopar®.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 28 wherein the toner composition contains as pigment particles carbon black.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 28 wherein the amino acid for the complex lake is coco-beta amino butyric acid, tallow-beta-aminobutyric acid, coco-alpha-aminobutyric acid, coco-gamma-aminobutyric acid, coco-alpha-amino-propionic acid, coco-beta-amino-propionic acid, soya-beta-aminobutyric acid, octadecyl-beta-aminobutyric acid, hexadecyl-beta-aminobutyric acid, dodecyl-alpha-aminopropionic acid, or tetradecyl-alpha-amino-beta-hydroxy-butyric acid.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 28 wherein the polyvalent metal is aluminum chloride.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
30 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polyvalent metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, calcium, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, nickel, iron, zinc, and zirconium.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polyvalent metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum and chromium.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polyvalent metal is aluminum.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
30 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the polyvalent metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, calcium, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, nickel, iron, zinc, and zirconium.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the polyvalent metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum and chromium.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the polyvalent metal is aluminum.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3844966A
Cited
US3554946A
Cited
US4014856A
Cited
DE3529780A1
Cited
US4719165A
Cited
US4673631A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-07-24 | 1993-01-23 | 1993-07-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-07-24 | 1997-01-23 | 1997-07-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-07-24 | 2001-01-23 | 2001-07-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |