US4878150A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Polarizable material having a liquid crystal microstructure and electrical components produced therefrom
Assignee: Colgate Palmolive Co
•
Filing: 1987-02-20
•
Granted: 1989-10-31
•
Expires: 2007-02-20
Abstract
Abstract A polarizable material having a liquid crystal microstructure comprised of an amphipathic compound and a liquid useful for making electrical storage devices. In one embodiment, the polarizable material is comprised of commercially available solid bar soap and neat soap and employed as the dielectric in a capacitor.
Inventors
- 👤 Rhyta S. Rounds
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 22:14
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01G; H01G4/00; H01G4/002; H01G4/018; H01G4/04; H01G11/00; H01G11/54; H01G11/58; H01G11/62; H01G9/00; H01G9/004; H01G9/022; H01M; H01M10/00; H01M10/36; H01M14/00; H01M6/00; H01M6/04; H01M6/045; H01M6/22; H01M6/14; H01M6/16; H01M6/162; H01M6/166; H01M6/168; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10; Y02E60/13
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 65
Claim 1
Independent Claim
31 words
A composition comprising a polarized high capacitance dielectric material formed of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, said liquid being provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
31 words
A composition comprising a polarized high capacitance dielectric material formed of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, said liquid being provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal microstructure is a neat soap microstructure.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal microstructure is a smectic lamellar microstructure.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid microstructure is a micelle microstructure.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition according to claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the liquid further includes a minor amount of an electrolyte.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition according to claim 5, wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
The composition according to claim 6, wherein the salt of a fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of alkalaine metal, alkalaine earth metal, ammonium and alkanol-ammonium salts; and the liquid is water.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition according to claim 5, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic salt.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition according to claim 5, wherein the amphipathic compound is a salt of a fatty acid and the liquid is a polar liquid.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
The composition according to claim 9, wherein the salt of a fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and alkanol-ammonium salts.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition according to claim 5, wherein the amphipathic compound is a salt of a fatty acid and the liquid is water.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition according to claim 11 wherein the salt of a fatty acid is a sodium salt having about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
66 words
An electrical storage device comprising: (a) a means of providing an electric field; (b) a plurality of parallel plate electrodes connected to the means for providing the electric field; and (c) a polarizable high capacitance dielectric material disposed between said electrodes, said material being composed of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, said liquid being provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
66 words
An electrical storage device comprising: (a) a means of providing an electric field; (b) a plurality of parallel plate electrodes connected to the means for providing the electric field; and (c) a polarizable high capacitance dielectric material disposed between said electrodes, said material being composed of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, said liquid being provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrical storage device of claim 13, further comprising means for preventing loss or gain of liquid during use and storage of the device.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrical storage device of claim 14, wherein the polarizable material is impregnated in gauze.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrical storage device of claim 14, wherein said amphipathic compound is a salt of a fatty acid or mixture thereof and said liquid is water.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrical storage device of claim 16 wherein the device is a capacitor.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrical storage device of claim 16 wherein the device is a battery.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrical storage device of claim 13 wherein said device is a capacitor.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrical device comprising: polarizable high capacitance dielectric material formed of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure; and electrical transmission means connected to said material for the transmission of electrical signals.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrical device comprising: polarizable high capacitance dielectric material formed of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure; and electrical transmission means connected to said material for the transmission of electrical signals.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrical device according to claim 20, wherein the liquid crystal microstructure is a neat soap microstructure.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrical device according to claim 20 wherein the liquid crystal microstructure is a bar phase microstructure.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrical device according to claim 20, wherein the liquid crystal microstructure is a smectic lamellar microstructure.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrical device according to claim 20, wherein the liquid crystal microstructure is a micelle microstructure.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrical device according to claim 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24, wherein the liquid further includes a minor amount of an electrolyte.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
22 words
The electrical device according to claim 25, wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrical device according to claim 25, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic salt.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrical device according to claim 25, wherein the amphipathic compound is a salt of a fatty acid and the liquid is water.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrical device according to claim 28, wherein the salt of a fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and alkanol-ammonium salts.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrical device according to claim 25, further comprising means for preventing loss or gain of liquid during storage and use.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
25 words
The electrical device according to claim 20, wherein the amphipathic compound is a salt of a fatty acid and the liquid is a polar liquid.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
36 words
The electrical device according to claim 31, wherein the salt of a fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of a alkalai metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and alkanol-ammonium salts; and the liquid is water.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrical device according to claim 31, wherein the salt of a fatty acid is a sodium salt and predominantly about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrical device according to claim 1, wherein the polarizable material is capable of being repetitively and sequentially charged and discharged.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
42 words
A battery comprising: a polarized material formed of an amphiphatic compound principally and a liquid provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure for said material; and electrical transmission means connected to said material for the transmission of electrical signals.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
42 words
A battery comprising: a polarized material formed of an amphiphatic compound principally and a liquid provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure for said material; and electrical transmission means connected to said material for the transmission of electrical signals.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
23 words
The battery of claim 35 wherein said amphiphatic compound is a salt of fatty acid or a mixture thereof and a polar liquid.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
11 words
The battery of claim 36 wherein said polar liquid is water.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
55 words
An electrical device responsive to temperature variations comprising: a polarized high capacitance material formed from dielectric an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure, said polarized material having a dielectric constant dependent on temperature; and electrical connection means for transmitting electrical signals to said polarized materials.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
55 words
An electrical device responsive to temperature variations comprising: a polarized high capacitance material formed from dielectric an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid provided in amounts effective to produce a liquid crystal microstructure, said polarized material having a dielectric constant dependent on temperature; and electrical connection means for transmitting electrical signals to said polarized materials.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrical device of claim 38 wherein said amphipathic compound is soap and said liquid is water.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrical device of claim 38 wherein said compound is a superfatted solid bar of soap with a water content of 10-15% by weight.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
48 words
An electrical device characterized by a polarizable material having a liquid crystal microstructure comprising of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, said liquid including a minor amount of an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassium chloride; and electrical transmission means connected thereto.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
48 words
An electrical device characterized by a polarizable material having a liquid crystal microstructure comprising of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, said liquid including a minor amount of an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassium chloride; and electrical transmission means connected thereto.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
44 words
An composition comprising a shape-retaining polarized high capacitance dielectric material having a liquid crystal microstructure comprised of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, said liquid including a minor amount of an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
44 words
An composition comprising a shape-retaining polarized high capacitance dielectric material having a liquid crystal microstructure comprised of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, said liquid including a minor amount of an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
39 words
In a capacitor having a pair of electrodes and a dielectric material therebetween. the improvement wherein said dielectric material consists essentially of a shape-retaining mixture of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, adapted to provide a high capacitance.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
39 words
In a capacitor having a pair of electrodes and a dielectric material therebetween. the improvement wherein said dielectric material consists essentially of a shape-retaining mixture of an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, adapted to provide a high capacitance.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
16 words
The capacitor of claim 43 wherein said amphipathic compound is soap and said liquid is water.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
14 words
The capacitor of claim 44 in which said soap is a neat phase soap.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
20 words
The capacitor of claim 45 in which said soap comprises 60-85% tallow and 40-15% coconut oil neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
39 words
A capacitor comprising: at least one pair of electrodes, and between said electrodes a dielectric material comprising an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, in the form of a liquid crystal microstructure to provide a high capacitance dielectric material.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
39 words
A capacitor comprising: at least one pair of electrodes, and between said electrodes a dielectric material comprising an amphipathic compound principally and a liquid, in the form of a liquid crystal microstructure to provide a high capacitance dielectric material.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
37 words
The capacitor of claim 47 wherein said amphipathic compound is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and alkanol-ammonium salts of C 16 -C 18 fatty acids, and said liquid is water.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
18 words
The capacitor of claim 48 wherein said fatty acid contains an even number of carbon atoms between 12-18.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
17 words
The capacitor of claim 47 wherein said amphipathic compound and said liquid comprise a neat phase soap.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
13 words
The capacitor of claim 50 wherein said dielectric contains 20-25% water by weight.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
21 words
The capacitor of claim 51 wherein said amphipathic compound contains about 60-85% tallow and 40-15% coconut oil neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
22 words
The capacitor of claim 52 wherein said amphipathic compound is a 75/25 mixture of tallow and coconut oil neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
22 words
The capacitor of claim 52 wherein said amphipathic compound is a 60/40 mixture of tallow and coconut oil neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
22 words
The capacitor of claim 51 wherein said amphipathic compound is a 85/15 mixture of tallow and coconut oil neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
15 words
The capacitor of claim 47 wherein said liquid contains a minor amount of an electrolyte.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-10-30 | 1993-05-01 | 1993-10-31 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-10-30 | 1997-05-01 | 1997-10-31 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-10-30 | 2001-05-01 | 2001-10-31 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |