US4920047A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Electrical detection of the immune reaction
Assignee: INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH Inc A CORP OF
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Filing: 1988-05-20
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Granted: 1990-04-24
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Expires: 2008-05-20
Abstract
Abstract Test method and apparatus for determining the presence of, the concentration of, or the absence of, immunologically-active substances in liquid media by measuring any change of electrical impedance of an electrode due to the presence of, or the absence of, the reaction of a product of enzyme linked immunologically-active substance and a proper enzyme substrate.
Inventors
- 👤 Ivar Giaever
- 👤 Charles R. Keese
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 15:05
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/53; G01N33/543; G01N33/54366; G01N33/54373; G01N33/5438; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817; Y10S436/00; Y10S436/806
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
224 words
A method for determining the presence of, the concentration of, or the absence of, a first immunologically-active substance in a liquid medium, said method comprising the steps of: (i) providing an electrode comprising a plurality of metal film in a small area, in the range of from about 10 -10 cm 2 to about 10 -2 cm 2 , on a substrate; (ii) adsorbing a second immunologically-active substance capable of binding said first immunologically-active substance to said electrode; (iii) contacting said electrode having said second immunologically-active substance adsorbed thereon with a liquid medium to be analyzed for said first immunologically-active substance; (iv) contacting said electrode with a liquid medium comprising a third immunologically-active substance linked to an enzyme and capable of binding with said second immunologically-active substance and incapable of binding with said first immunologically-active substance; (v) contacting said electrode with a liquid medium comprising an enzyme substrate capable of reacting with said enzyme linked to said third immunologically-active substance; (vi) immersing said electrode into a measuring solution; and (vii) measuring electrical impedance of said electrode whereby no change or only a slight change in impedance indicates the presence of said first immunologically-active substance and a larger change indicates the absence of said first immunologically-active substance, the degree of change being proportional to the concentration of said first immunologically-active substance in said liquid medium.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
224 words
A method for determining the presence of, the concentration of, or the absence of, a first immunologically-active substance in a liquid medium, said method comprising the steps of: (i) providing an electrode comprising a plurality of metal film in a small area, in the range of from about 10 -10 cm 2 to about 10 -2 cm 2 , on a substrate; (ii) adsorbing a second immunologically-active substance capable of binding said first immunologically-active substance to said electrode; (iii) contacting said electrode having said second immunologically-active substance adsorbed thereon with a liquid medium to be analyzed for said first immunologically-active substance; (iv) contacting said electrode with a liquid medium comprising a third immunologically-active substance linked to an enzyme and capable of binding with said second immunologically-active substance and incapable of binding with said first immunologically-active substance; (v) contacting said electrode with a liquid medium comprising an enzyme substrate capable of reacting with said enzyme linked to said third immunologically-active substance; (vi) immersing said electrode into a measuring solution; and (vii) measuring electrical impedance of said electrode whereby no change or only a slight change in impedance indicates the presence of said first immunologically-active substance and a larger change indicates the absence of said first immunologically-active substance, the degree of change being proportional to the concentration of said first immunologically-active substance in said liquid medium.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said electrode comprises a film of gold, tantalum, indium, platinum, titanium or titanium on a plastic substrate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said first immunologically-active substance comprises an antibody, said second immunologically active substance comprises an antigen and said third immunologically-active substance linked to an enzyme comprises an antibody linked to an enzyme.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said first immunologically-active substance comprises an antigen said second immunologically-active substance comprises an antibody, and said third immunologically-active substance linked to an enzyme comprises an antigen linked to an enzyme.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 3 wherein said antibody comprises anti-goat antibody, said antigen comprises anti-goat antigen, said antibody linked to an enzyme comprises anti-goat antibody linked to horseradish peroxidase and said enzyme substrate comprises carbazone and hydrogen peroxide.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
218 words
A method for determining the presence of, the concentration, of or the absence of, a first immunologically-active substance in a liquid medium, said method comprising the steps of: (i) providing an electrode comprising metal film in a small area, in the range of from about 10 -10 cm 2 to about 10 -2 cm 2 on a substrate; (ii) adsorbing a second immunologically-active substance capable of binding said first immunologically-active substance to said electrode; (iii) contacting said electrode having said second immunologically-active substance adsorbed thereon with a liquid medium to be analyzed for said first immunologically-active substance; (iv) contacting said electrode with a liquid medium comprising a third immunologically active substance linked to an enzyme and capable of binding with said first immunologically-active substance and incapable of binding with said second immunologically-active substance; (v) contacting said electrode with a liquid medium comprising an enzyme substrate capable of reacting with said enzyme linked to said third immunologically-active substance; (vi) immersing said electrode into a measuring solution; and (vii) measuring the electrical impedance of said electrode whereby no change in impedance indicates the absence of said first immunologically-active substance and any change in impedance indicates the presence of said first immunologically-active substance, the degree of change being proportional to the concentration of said first immunologically-active substance in said liquid medium.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
218 words
A method for determining the presence of, the concentration, of or the absence of, a first immunologically-active substance in a liquid medium, said method comprising the steps of: (i) providing an electrode comprising metal film in a small area, in the range of from about 10 -10 cm 2 to about 10 -2 cm 2 on a substrate; (ii) adsorbing a second immunologically-active substance capable of binding said first immunologically-active substance to said electrode; (iii) contacting said electrode having said second immunologically-active substance adsorbed thereon with a liquid medium to be analyzed for said first immunologically-active substance; (iv) contacting said electrode with a liquid medium comprising a third immunologically active substance linked to an enzyme and capable of binding with said first immunologically-active substance and incapable of binding with said second immunologically-active substance; (v) contacting said electrode with a liquid medium comprising an enzyme substrate capable of reacting with said enzyme linked to said third immunologically-active substance; (vi) immersing said electrode into a measuring solution; and (vii) measuring the electrical impedance of said electrode whereby no change in impedance indicates the absence of said first immunologically-active substance and any change in impedance indicates the presence of said first immunologically-active substance, the degree of change being proportional to the concentration of said first immunologically-active substance in said liquid medium.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said electrode comprises globules of gold, tantalum, indium, titanium or titanium on a plastic substrate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said first immunologically-active substance comprises an antibody, said second immunologically-active substance comprises an antigen and third immunologically-active substance linked to an enzyme comprises an antibody linked to an enzyme.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said first immunologically active substance comprises an antigen, said second immunologically-active substance comprises an antibody and said third immunologically-active substance linked to an enzyme comprises an antibody linked to an enzyme.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-04-23 | 1993-10-23 | 1994-04-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-04-23 | 1997-10-23 | 1998-04-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-04-23 | 2001-10-23 | 2002-04-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |