US4964097A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Three dimensional image construction using a grid of two dimensional depth sections
Assignee: ConocoPhillips Co
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Filing: 1990-01-02
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Granted: 1990-10-16
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Expires: 2010-01-02
Abstract
Abstract A method for generating a three dimensional velocity model makes use of two dimensional depth images, which are the result of two dimensional pre-stack depth migration, and corrects the out of plane distortion by ray tracing through a three dimensional model. The three dimensional model boundaries are iterated until the three dimensional effects are minimized. The final model can be used for a final three dimensional pre-stack depth migration, or as a three dimensional interpretation of all the two dimensional depth migration results.
Inventors
- 👤 Shein S. Wang
- 👤 Douglas W. Hanson
- 👤 Thomas D. Cavanaugh
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 03:49
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01V; G01V1/00; G01V1/28; G01V1/282
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
156 words
A method for constructing a three dimensional velocity model from two dimensional data comprising the steps of: receiving two dimensional seismic data in the form of time migrated time sections; selecting a grid of seismic lines, each seismic line having a time migrated time section associated therewith; depth migrating said time migrated time sections associated with each line of said selected grid of seismic lines; selecting a reflector from said depth migrated seismic sections; constructing boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said reflector; shooting rays from said selected reflector in two dimensions to obtain a first set of data points; shooting normal rays from said constructed boundaries in three dimensions to obtain a second set of data points; interpolating said first set of data points and said second set of data points to common x-y points; modifying said three dimensional boundaries to coincide with said common x-y points; and constructing a modified three dimensional velocity model.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
156 words
A method for constructing a three dimensional velocity model from two dimensional data comprising the steps of: receiving two dimensional seismic data in the form of time migrated time sections; selecting a grid of seismic lines, each seismic line having a time migrated time section associated therewith; depth migrating said time migrated time sections associated with each line of said selected grid of seismic lines; selecting a reflector from said depth migrated seismic sections; constructing boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said reflector; shooting rays from said selected reflector in two dimensions to obtain a first set of data points; shooting normal rays from said constructed boundaries in three dimensions to obtain a second set of data points; interpolating said first set of data points and said second set of data points to common x-y points; modifying said three dimensional boundaries to coincide with said common x-y points; and constructing a modified three dimensional velocity model.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said interpolating step includes the step of: deriving said common x-y points by a least squares method.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
118 words
The method according to claim 1 also including the steps of: selecting a second reflector from said depth migrated seismic sections; constructing boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said second reflector; shooting rays from said second selected reflector in two dimensions to obtain a third set of data points; shooting normal rays from said constructed boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said second reflector to obtain a fourth set of data points; interpolating said third set of data points and said fourth set of data points to a second set of common x-y points; modifying said three dimensional boundaries to coincide with said second set of common x-y points; and constructing a modified multi-layer three dimensional velocity model.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method according to claim 3 wherein said interpolating step includes the step of: deriving said second set of common x-y points by a least squares method.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
181 words
An apparatus for constructing a three dimensional velocity model from two dimensional data comprising: receiver means for receiving two dimensional seismic data in the form of time migrated time sections; grid selector means for selecting a grid of seismic lines, each seismic line having a time migrated time section associated therewith; means for depth migrating said time migrated time sections associated with each line of said selected grid of seismic lines; selector means for selecting a reflector from said depth migrated seismic sections; means for constructing boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said reflector; two dimensional means for shooting rays from said selected reflector in two dimensions to obtain a first set of data points; three dimensional means for shooting normal rays from said constructed boundaries in three dimensions to obtain a second set of data points; means for interpolating said first set of data points and said second set of data points to common x-y points; means for modifying said three dimensional boundaries to coincide with said common x-y points; and means for displaying a modified three dimensional velocity model.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
181 words
An apparatus for constructing a three dimensional velocity model from two dimensional data comprising: receiver means for receiving two dimensional seismic data in the form of time migrated time sections; grid selector means for selecting a grid of seismic lines, each seismic line having a time migrated time section associated therewith; means for depth migrating said time migrated time sections associated with each line of said selected grid of seismic lines; selector means for selecting a reflector from said depth migrated seismic sections; means for constructing boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said reflector; two dimensional means for shooting rays from said selected reflector in two dimensions to obtain a first set of data points; three dimensional means for shooting normal rays from said constructed boundaries in three dimensions to obtain a second set of data points; means for interpolating said first set of data points and said second set of data points to common x-y points; means for modifying said three dimensional boundaries to coincide with said common x-y points; and means for displaying a modified three dimensional velocity model.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said means for interpolating includes: means for deriving said common x-y points by a least squares method.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
289 words
A method for constructing a three dimensional velocity model from two dimensional data comprising the steps of: receiving two dimensional seismic data in the form of time migrated time sections; selecting a grid of seismic lines, each seismic line having a time migrated time section associated therewith; depth migrating said time migrated time sections associated with each line of said selected grid of seismic lines; selecting a reflector from said depth migrated seismic sections; constructing boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said reflector; shooting rays from said selected reflector in two dimensions to obtain a first set of data points; shooting normal rays from said constructed boundaries in three dimensions to obtain a second set of data points; interpolating said first set of data points and said second set of data points to common x-y points by deriving said common x-y points by a least squares method.; modifying said three dimensional boundaries corresponding to said reflector to coincide with said common x-y points; selecting a second reflector from said depth migrated seismic sections; constructing boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said second reflector; shooting rays from said second selected reflector in two dimensions to obtain a third set of data points; shooting normal rays from said constructed boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said second reflector to obtain a fourth set of data points; interpolating said third set of data points and said fourth set of data points to a second set of common x-y points by deriving said second set of common x-y points by a least squares method; modifying said three dimensional boundaries corresponding to said second reflector to coincide with said second set of common x-y points; and constructing a modified multi-layer three dimensional velocity model.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
289 words
A method for constructing a three dimensional velocity model from two dimensional data comprising the steps of: receiving two dimensional seismic data in the form of time migrated time sections; selecting a grid of seismic lines, each seismic line having a time migrated time section associated therewith; depth migrating said time migrated time sections associated with each line of said selected grid of seismic lines; selecting a reflector from said depth migrated seismic sections; constructing boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said reflector; shooting rays from said selected reflector in two dimensions to obtain a first set of data points; shooting normal rays from said constructed boundaries in three dimensions to obtain a second set of data points; interpolating said first set of data points and said second set of data points to common x-y points by deriving said common x-y points by a least squares method.; modifying said three dimensional boundaries corresponding to said reflector to coincide with said common x-y points; selecting a second reflector from said depth migrated seismic sections; constructing boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said second reflector; shooting rays from said second selected reflector in two dimensions to obtain a third set of data points; shooting normal rays from said constructed boundaries in three dimensions corresponding to said second reflector to obtain a fourth set of data points; interpolating said third set of data points and said fourth set of data points to a second set of common x-y points by deriving said second set of common x-y points by a least squares method; modifying said three dimensional boundaries corresponding to said second reflector to coincide with said second set of common x-y points; and constructing a modified multi-layer three dimensional velocity model.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
153 words
A method for constructing a three dimensional velocity model from two dimensional data comprising the steps of: receiving two dimensional seismic data in the form of time migrated time sections; selecting a grid of seismic lines, each seismic line having a time migrated time section associated therewith; depth migrating said time migrated time sections associated with each line of said selected grid of seismic lines; selecting an event from said depth migrated seismic sections; approximating a velocity model in three dimensions corresponding to said event; shooting rays from said selected event in two dimensions to obtain a first set of data points and in three dimensions to obtain a second set of data points; interpolating said first set of data points and said second set of data points to common x-y points; modifying said three dimensional velocity model to coincide with said common x-y points; and constructing a modified three dimensional velocity model.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
153 words
A method for constructing a three dimensional velocity model from two dimensional data comprising the steps of: receiving two dimensional seismic data in the form of time migrated time sections; selecting a grid of seismic lines, each seismic line having a time migrated time section associated therewith; depth migrating said time migrated time sections associated with each line of said selected grid of seismic lines; selecting an event from said depth migrated seismic sections; approximating a velocity model in three dimensions corresponding to said event; shooting rays from said selected event in two dimensions to obtain a first set of data points and in three dimensions to obtain a second set of data points; interpolating said first set of data points and said second set of data points to common x-y points; modifying said three dimensional velocity model to coincide with said common x-y points; and constructing a modified three dimensional velocity model.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-10-15 | 1994-04-16 | 1994-10-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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