US4971882A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Toner and developer compositions with waxes and charge enhancing additives
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1988-12-22
•
Granted: 1990-11-20
•
Expires: 2008-12-22
Abstract
Abstract A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, charge enhancing additive, and a mixture of a charge enhancing additive and a wax component comprised of an alkylene, or polymeric alcohol of the formula CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.2 OH wherein n is a number of from about 30 to about 300.
Inventors
- 👤 Don B. Jugle
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 20:48
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/097; G03G9/09733; G03G9/087; G03G9/08775; G03G9/08782
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 54
Claim 1
Independent Claim
48 words
A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, charge enhancing additive, and a mixture of a charge enhancing additive and a wax component comprised of a polymeric alcohol of the formula CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.2 OH wherein n is a number of from about 30 to about 300.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
48 words
A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, charge enhancing additive, and a mixture of a charge enhancing additive and a wax component comprised of a polymeric alcohol of the formula CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.2 OH wherein n is a number of from about 30 to about 300.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
36 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the triboelectric charge on the wax is equal to, greater than, or less than the triboelectric charge on the toner comprised of resin, pigment, and charge additive.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 containing surface additives.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the surface additives are colloidal silicas, metal salts, metal salts of fatty acids, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge additive is incorporated into the wax, or present on the surface thereof in the mixture.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein n is a number of from about 30 to about 50.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polymeric alcohol wax has a number average molecular weight of from about 475 to about 1,400.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the wax mixture with charge additives is present as an external component.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin particles are selected from the group consisting of polyesters, styrene butadiene polymers, styrene acrylate polymers, and styrene methacrylate polymers.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
38 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 9 wherein the polyester results from the condensation reaction of dimethylterephthalate, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, and pentaerythritol; or wherein the polyester results from the condensation reaction of dimethylterephthalate, 1,2-propanediol, diethylene glycol, and pentaerythritol.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are selected from the group consisting of magenta, cyan, yellow, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 with a stable triboelectric charge of from about 15 to about 30 microcoulombs per gram.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
50 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge enhancing additive for the toner comprised of resin and pigment particles, and the mixture is independently selected from the group consisting of distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, cetyl pyridinium halides, stearyl phenethyl dimethyl ammonium tosylate, and potassium tetraphenyl borate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein the pigment particles are selected from the group consisting of magenta, cyan, yellow, mixtures thereof, carbon black, and magnetites.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein the resin particles are comprised of components selected from polyesters, styrene butadiene copolymers, styrene acrylate copolymers, and styrene methacrylate copolymers.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein the mixture of wax with a charge additive is present as an external component.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
A developer composition comprised of the toner composition of claim 1, and carrier particles.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
A developer composition comprised of the toner composition of claim 14, and carrier particles.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of a core with a polymeric coating thereover.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 19 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of a core with a polymeric coating thereover.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
57 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of a core selected from the group consisting of steel and ferrite core with a coating thereover selected from the group consisting of polychlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylchloride copolymer, a polyvinylidene fluoropolymer, or a terpolymer of styrene, methacrylate, and an organo silane, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
57 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 19 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of a core selected from the group consisting of steel and ferrite core with a coating thereover selected from the group consisting of polychlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylchloride copolymer, a polyvinylidene fluoropolymer, or a terpolymer of styrene, methacrylate, and an organo silane, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
30 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the polymeric alcohol wax selected for the toner has a number average molecular weight of from about 475 to about 1,400.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
29 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 19 wherein the polymeric alcohol wax selected for the toner has a molecular weight average of from about 475 to about 1,400.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
30 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the resin particles are selected from the group consisting of polyesters, styrene butadiene polymers, styrene acrylate polymers, and styrene methacrylate polymers.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
17 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 26 wherein there is selected a suspension polymerized styrene butadiene.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
25 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the pigment particles for the toner are comprised of a carbon black, magnetites, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
43 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 28 wherein the pigment mixture contains from about 6 percent by weight to about 70 percent by weight of magnetite, and from about 2 percent by weight to about 15 percent by weight of carbon black.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
28 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the pigment particles for the toner are selected from the group consisting of magenta, cyan, yellow, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method for obtaining images which comprises generating an electrostatic latent image on a photoconductive imaging member, subsequently effecting development of this image with the toner composition of claim 1, thereafter transferring the image to a permanent substrate, and optionally permanently affixing the image thereto.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method for obtaining images which comprises generating an electrostatic latent image on a photoconductive imaging member, subsequently effecting development of this image with the toner composition of claim 14, thereafter transferring the image to a permanent substrate, and optionally permanently affixing the image thereto.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method for obtaining images which comprises generating an electrostatic latent image on a photoconductive imaging member, subsequently effecting development of this image with the developer composition of claim 20, thereafter transferring the image to a permanent substrate, and optionally permanently affixing the image thereto.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 31 wherein a blade means is selected for accomplishing cleaning of the imaging member.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 31 wherein the charge on the wax mixture is controlled enabling development in the image areas, and or background areas.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 31 wherein there results images with no toner spots thereon, and wherein the triboelectric charge on the toner and the treated wax are substantially equivalent.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 32 wherein there results images with no toner spots thereon, and wherein the triboelectric charge on the toner and the treated wax are substantially equivalent.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
45 words
A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, charge enhancing additives and a mixture comprised of a charge enhancing additive and a wax component comprised of a polymeric alcohol of the formula CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.2 OH wherein n represents the number of repeating units.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
45 words
A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, charge enhancing additives and a mixture comprised of a charge enhancing additive and a wax component comprised of a polymeric alcohol of the formula CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.2 OH wherein n represents the number of repeating units.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 38 wherein the wax with charge additive is present as an external component.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
27 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 38 wherein the charge enhancing additive is incorporated into the wax, or present on the surface thereof in the mixture.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
33 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 40 wherein the charge enhancing additive wax mixture is present as an external additive in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
50 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 38 wherein the charge enhancing additive for the wax and the toner comprised of resin and pigment particles is independently selected from the group consisting of distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, cetyl pyridinium halides, stearyl phenethyl dimethyl ammonium tosylate, and potassium tetraphenyl borate.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
13 words
A developer composition comprised of the toner of claim 38 and carrier particles.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
41 words
A toner composition comprised of resin, pigment, charge enhancing additive, and a mixture comprised of a charge enhancing additive and a wax component comprised of a polymeric alcohol of the formula CH(CH)CH OH wherein n represents the number of repeating units.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
41 words
A toner composition comprised of resin, pigment, charge enhancing additive, and a mixture comprised of a charge enhancing additive and a wax component comprised of a polymeric alcohol of the formula CH(CH)CH OH wherein n represents the number of repeating units.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 44 wherein n is a number of from about 30 to about 300.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 44 wherein the mixture is present as an external component.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
26 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 44 wherein the charge additive is incorporated into the wax, or present on the surface thereof in the mixture.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
13 words
A developer composition comprised of the toner of claim 44 and carrier particles.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
15 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 48 wherein the carrier contains a polymeric coating.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
14 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 49 wherein the coating contains conductive particles.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
15 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 49 wherein the conductive particles are carbon black.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-11-19 | 1994-05-21 | 1994-11-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-05-21 | 1998-11-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-05-21 | 2002-11-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |