Maskable bilevel correlators

Claim 2

In a method of correlating two input signals associated with a live image and a reference image, the improvement which includes the steps of: (a) processing at least the reference image associated signal to provide a polarity bit and a mask bit for each pixel position therein, the value of the mask bit being one digital state defining an off condition if the amplitude of the signal falls between two preselected threshold levels thereby substantially filtering out noisy pixels with amplitudes between the two threshold levels, and being of an opposite state defining an on condition if the amplitude is outside of the threshold levels, the value of the polarity bit being one digital state if the amplitude is positive with respect to a predetermined reference level and being of an opposite state if the amplitude is negative with respect to a predetermined reference level at that pixel position; and (b) using the polarity and mask bits of the processed reference signal to generate a correlation output wherein the pixel positions with a mask bit in the on condition are used in the correlation while the pixel positions with a mask bit in the off condition are not used in the correlation process, thereby producing a correlation output that is minimally affected by noise in the input signal.

Claim 4

The method of claim 1 wherein a signal representing a live image is also similarly processed, with step (b) including the step of logically gating the polarity bits of the processed reference and live signals, and using the output thereof to generate a correlation function unless masked by associated mask bits in the off condition.

Claim 5

The method of claim 3 wherein the polarity bits are gated in an EXCLUSIVE-OR gate.

Claim 6

The method of claim 4 wherein the output of the EXCLUSIVE-OR gate is coupled to an input of a NOR gate, another input of the NOR gate being coupled for receipt of the mask bit of the reference signal.

Claim 7

The method of claim 5 wherein the output of the NOR gate is coupled to a summer for summing the number of logical ones from the NOR gate, the output of the summer providing an output which will peak when the live image is correlated with the reference image.

Claim 10

The method of claim 7 wherein step (c) includes the step of logically gating the polarity bits of the processed reference and live images while ignoring the result if the associated mask bit in the reference image defines said off condition.

Claim 11

The method of claim 8 wherein the polarity bits are gated in an EXCLUSIVE-OR gate.

Claim 12

THe method of claim 9 wherein the output of the EXCLUSIVE-OR gate is coupled to an input of a NOR gate, another input of the NOR gate being coupled for receipt of the mask bit of the processed reference image.

Claim 13

The method of claim 10 wherein the output of the NOR gate is coupled to a summer for summing the number of logical ones from the NOR gate, the output of the summer providing an output which will peak when the live image is correlated with the reference image.

Claim 14

In an apparatus for correlating two input signals associated with a live image and a reference image, the improvement comprising: (a) first means for processing at least the reference image associated signal to provide a polarity bit and a mask bit for each pixel position therein, the value of the mask bit being one digital state defining an off condition of the amplitude of the signal falls between two preselected threshold levels, thereby substantially filtering out noisy pixels with amplitudes between the two threshold levels, and being of an opposite state defining an on condition if the amplitude is outside the threshold levels, the value of the polarity bit being one digital state if the amplitude is positive with respect to a predetermined reference level and being of an opposite state if the amplitude is negative with respect to a predetermined reference level at that pixel position; and (b) second means for using the polarity and mark bits of the processed reference signal to generate a correlation output wherein the pixel positions with a mask bit in the on condition are used in the correlation while the pixel positions with a mask bit in the off condition are not used in the correlation process thereby producing a correlation output that is minimally affected by noise in the input signal.

Claim 15

In an apparatus for correlating two input signals associated with a live image and a reference image, the improvement comprising: (a) first means for processing at least the reference image associated signal to provide a polarity bit and a mask bit for each pixel position therein, the value of the mask bit being one digital state defining an off condition of the amplitude of the signal falls between two preselected threshold levels, thereby substantially filtering out noisy pixels with amplitudes between the two threshold levels, and being of an opposite state defining an on condition if the amplitude is outside the threshold levels, the value of the polarity bit being one digital state if the amplitude is positive with respect to a predetermined reference level and being of an opposite state if the amplitude is negative with respect to a predetermined reference level at that pixel position; and (b) second means for using the polarity and mark bits of the processed reference signal to generate a correlation output wherein the pixel positions with a mask bit in the on condition are used in the correlation while the pixel positions with a mask bit in the off condition are not used in the correlation process thereby producing a correlation output that is minimally affected by noise in the input signal.

Claim 16

The apparatus of claim 12 which further comprises: means for measuring the density of mask bits defining the on condition; and means for using those regions in the reference image with the highest density of such mask bits to correlate against the live image.

Claim 17

The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for processing also similarly processes the live image; and wherein the second means logically gates the polarity bits of the processed reference and live signals to provide an output, the output being used to generate a correlation function unless masked by associated mask bits in the off condition.

Claim 18

The apparatus of claim 14 wherein an exclusive-OR gate is used to gate the polarity bits.

Claim 19

The apparatus of claim 15 wherein an output of the exclusive-OR gate is coupled to an input of a NOR gate, another input of the NOR gate being coupled for receipt of the mask bit of the reference signal.

Claim 20

The apparatus of claim 16 wherein an output of the NOR gate is coupled to a summer for summing the number of logical ones from the NOR gate, the output of the summer providing an output which will peak when the live image is correlated with the reference image.

Claim 21

A bilevel correlator for correlating an input signal associated with a live image and an input signal associated with a reference image of a scene, said bilevel correlator comprising: means for defining a mean gradient amplitude for the scene; positive threshold value means for defining a positive threshold value above the means gradient amplitude; negative threshold value means for defining a negative threshold value below the means gradient amplitude; preprocessing means for generating a polarity bit and a mask bit for each pixel position in the reference image, the value of the polarity bit being a logical one if the amplitude of the reference image input signal is above the means gradient amplitude and being a logical zero value if the amplitude of the input signal is below the means gradient amplitude, said preprocessing means also providing the mask bit with a value of zero if the amplitude of the input signal falls between said positive threshold value and the negative threshold value, with the value of the mask bit being a logical one if the amplitude of the input signal is above the positive threshold value or below the negative threshold value; said preprocessing means further generating a polarity bit and a mask bit for each pixel position in the live image, the value of the polarity bit being a logical one if the amplitude of the live image input signal is above the means gradient amplitude and being a logical zero value if the amplitude of the input signal is below the mean gradient amplitude, said preprocessing means also providing the mask bit with a value of zero if the amplitude of the input signal falls between said positive threshold value and the negative threshold value, with the value of the mask bit being a logical one if the amplitude of the input signal is above the positive threshold value or below the negative threshold value; gating means for generating a logical output signal as a function of a comparison of the polarity bits for given pixel positions of the reference and live images; means for masking said logical output signal if the mask bit for the given pixel position is a logical zero thereby indicating that the amplitude of the input signal at that pixel position is relatively small; and summation means or summing together the unmasked logical output signals of the gating means to provide a correlation function that is minimally affected by noise in the input signal.

Claim 22

A bilevel correlator for correlating an input signal associated with a live image and an input signal associated with a reference image of a scene, said bilevel correlator comprising: means for defining a mean gradient amplitude for the scene; positive threshold value means for defining a positive threshold value above the means gradient amplitude; negative threshold value means for defining a negative threshold value below the means gradient amplitude; preprocessing means for generating a polarity bit and a mask bit for each pixel position in the reference image, the value of the polarity bit being a logical one if the amplitude of the reference image input signal is above the means gradient amplitude and being a logical zero value if the amplitude of the input signal is below the means gradient amplitude, said preprocessing means also providing the mask bit with a value of zero if the amplitude of the input signal falls between said positive threshold value and the negative threshold value, with the value of the mask bit being a logical one if the amplitude of the input signal is above the positive threshold value or below the negative threshold value; said preprocessing means further generating a polarity bit and a mask bit for each pixel position in the live image, the value of the polarity bit being a logical one if the amplitude of the live image input signal is above the means gradient amplitude and being a logical zero value if the amplitude of the input signal is below the mean gradient amplitude, said preprocessing means also providing the mask bit with a value of zero if the amplitude of the input signal falls between said positive threshold value and the negative threshold value, with the value of the mask bit being a logical one if the amplitude of the input signal is above the positive threshold value or below the negative threshold value; gating means for generating a logical output signal as a function of a comparison of the polarity bits for given pixel positions of the reference and live images; means for masking said logical output signal if the mask bit for the given pixel position is a logical zero thereby indicating that the amplitude of the input signal at that pixel position is relatively small; and summation means or summing together the unmasked logical output signals of the gating means to provide a correlation function that is minimally affected by noise in the input signal.