US5202788A
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Electrochromic device with ionically or mixed ionically-electronically conductive electrolyte
Assignee: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften eV
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Filing: 1991-08-06
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Granted: 1993-04-13
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Expires: 2011-08-06
Abstract
Abstract The present invention provides an electrochromic device which is especially suitable as a window, mirror or display element, characterized by a multi-layer construction with at least one layer, enclosed between two coated electrodes, of a material which is either ionically- or mixed ionically- and electronically-conductive, whereby at least one of the two electrode layers consists of transparent material and the ionically- or ionically- and electronically-conductive material is at least so long transparent as no excitation takes place by the application of voltage via the electrodes.
Inventors
- 👤 Werner Weppner
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 15:01
CPC Classifications
G; G02; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/01; G02F1/15; G02F1/1514; G02F1/1523; G02F1/1525
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
83 words
Electrochromic device which is especially suitable as a window, mirror or display element, characterized by a multi-layer construction with at least one layer, enclosed between two coated electrodes, of a material which is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically-conductive material and (b) mixed ionically- and electronically-conductive material, whereby at least one of the two electrode layers consists of transparent material is at least transparent so long as no excitation takes place by the application of voltage via the electrodes.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
83 words
Electrochromic device which is especially suitable as a window, mirror or display element, characterized by a multi-layer construction with at least one layer, enclosed between two coated electrodes, of a material which is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically-conductive material and (b) mixed ionically- and electronically-conductive material, whereby at least one of the two electrode layers consists of transparent material is at least transparent so long as no excitation takes place by the application of voltage via the electrodes.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrochromic device of claim 1, wherein the other electrode layer is a transparent material.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrochromic device of claim 1, wherein the other electrode is a non-transparent material.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrochromic device of claim 1, wherein the other electrode is of a reflective material.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
76 words
Electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide (rutile), zirconium dioxide with an addition of yttrium oxide, Li 2 .3 Ti 3 .4 O 8 , LiAl 5 O 8 , Li 5 AlO 4 , LiMnO 2 , Li 2 MnO 2 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiFeO 2 , NaNiO 2 and NaCoO 2 doped with 0.1 to 2% of iron.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
75 words
An electrochromic device consisting essentially of, in a three-layer construction, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a middle layer therebetween, said first electrode layer being transparent, and said middle layer comprising a electrochromically active material that is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically conductive material and (b) ionically and electronically conductive material, and that is transparent when no voltage is applied across said first and second electrode layers.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
75 words
An electrochromic device consisting essentially of, in a three-layer construction, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a middle layer therebetween, said first electrode layer being transparent, and said middle layer comprising a electrochromically active material that is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically conductive material and (b) ionically and electronically conductive material, and that is transparent when no voltage is applied across said first and second electrode layers.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
82 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 6, wherein the material of said middle layer is titanium dioxide (rutile), zirconium dioxide with an addition of a member selected from the group consisting of yttrium oxide, Li 2 .3 Ti 3 .4 O 8 , LiAl 5 O 8 , Li 5 AlO 4 , LiMnO 2 , Li 2 MnO 3 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiFeO 2 , NaNiO 2 and NaCoO 2 doped with 0.1 to 2% of iron.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 6, wherein said first electrode layer is one of (a) porous and (b) perforated.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 6, constructed as a mirror, wherein said second electrode layer consists of reflecting material.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 6 constructed as a display, wherein said second electrode layer consists of colored, non-transparent material.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 6, constructed as a protective window wherein said second electrode layer is transparent.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
Electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein one transparent electrode is one of (a) porous and (b) perforated.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
Electrochromic device according to claim 1, constructed as a mirror, wherein the electrode lying on the side of device facing away from the observer consists of reflecting material.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
29 words
Electrochromic device according to claim 1, constructed as a display, wherein the electrode lying on the side of device facing away from the observer consists of colored, non-transparent material.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
113 words
A method of producing a protective coloring effect in a window comprising: providing a window constructed of an electrochromic device comprising, in a three-layer construction, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a middle layer therebetween, said first and second electrode layer being transparent, and said middle layer comprising a electrochromically active material that is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically conductive material and (b) ionically and electronically conductive material, and that is transparent when no voltage is applied across said first and second electrodes, and applying an electrical voltage across said first and second electrode layers whereby a coloring of said middle layer is brought about.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
113 words
A method of producing a protective coloring effect in a window comprising: providing a window constructed of an electrochromic device comprising, in a three-layer construction, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a middle layer therebetween, said first and second electrode layer being transparent, and said middle layer comprising a electrochromically active material that is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically conductive material and (b) ionically and electronically conductive material, and that is transparent when no voltage is applied across said first and second electrodes, and applying an electrical voltage across said first and second electrode layers whereby a coloring of said middle layer is brought about.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
115 words
A method of producing a shadowing effect in a mirror comprising: providing a mirror constructed of an electrochromic device comprising, in a three-layer construction, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a middle layer therebetween, said first electrode layer being transparent, said second electrode being reflective, and said middle layer comprising a electrochromically active material that is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically conductive material and (b) ionically and electronically conductive material, and that is transparent when no voltage is applied across said first and second electrodes, and applying an electrical voltage across said first and second electrode layers whereby a coloring of said middle layer is brought about.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
115 words
A method of producing a shadowing effect in a mirror comprising: providing a mirror constructed of an electrochromic device comprising, in a three-layer construction, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a middle layer therebetween, said first electrode layer being transparent, said second electrode being reflective, and said middle layer comprising a electrochromically active material that is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically conductive material and (b) ionically and electronically conductive material, and that is transparent when no voltage is applied across said first and second electrodes, and applying an electrical voltage across said first and second electrode layers whereby a coloring of said middle layer is brought about.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
119 words
A method of covering over a display comprising: providing an electrochromic device comprising, in a three-layer construction, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a middle layer therebetween, said first electrode layer being transparent, said second electrode layer being non-transparent and formed as a display, and said middle layer comprising a electrochromically active material that is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically conductive material and (b) ionically and electronically conductive material, and that is transparent when no voltage is applied across said first and second electrodes, and applying an electrical voltage across said first and second electrode layers whereby a coloring of said middle layer is brought about covering over said second electrode.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
119 words
A method of covering over a display comprising: providing an electrochromic device comprising, in a three-layer construction, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a middle layer therebetween, said first electrode layer being transparent, said second electrode layer being non-transparent and formed as a display, and said middle layer comprising a electrochromically active material that is a member selected from a group consisting of (a) ionically conductive material and (b) ionically and electronically conductive material, and that is transparent when no voltage is applied across said first and second electrodes, and applying an electrical voltage across said first and second electrode layers whereby a coloring of said middle layer is brought about covering over said second electrode.
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