US5414796A
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US
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Variable rate vocoder
Assignee: Qualcomm Inc
•
Filing: 1993-01-14
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Granted: 1995-05-09
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Expires: 2013-01-14
Abstract
Abstract An apparatus and method for performing speech signal compression, by variable rate coding of frames of digitized speech samples. The level of speech activity for each frame of digitized speech samples is determined and an output data packet rate is selected from a set of rates based upon the determined level of frame speech activity. A lowest rate of the set of rates corresponds to a detected minimum level of speech activity, such as background noise or pauses in speech, while a highest rate corresponds to a detected maximum level of speech activity, such as active vocalization. Each frame is then coded according to a predetermined coding format for the selected rate wherein each rate has a corresponding number of bits representative of the coded frame. A data packet is provided for each coded frame with each output data packet of a bit rate corresponding to the selected rate.
Inventors
- 👤 Paul E. Jacobs
- 👤 William R. Gardner
- 👤 Chong U. Lee
- 👤 Klein S. Gilhousen
- 👤 S. Katherine Lam
- 👤 Ming-Chang Tsai
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 03:18
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L1/00; H04L1/004; H04L1/0056; H04L1/0057; G; G10; G10L; G10L19/00; G10L19/005; G10L19/012; G10L19/04; G10L19/08; G10L19/12; G10L19/16; G10L19/18; G10L19/22; G10L19/24; G10L25/00; G10L25/78; H04B; H04B1/00; H04B1/66; H04J; H04J3/00; H04J3/16; H04J3/1682; H04J3/1688; H04L1/0001; H04L1/0014; H04L1/0015; H04L1/0017; H04L1/0041; H04L1/0045; H04L1/0046; G10L2025/783; G10L2025/786
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 52
Claim 1
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of speech signal compression, by variable rate coding of frames of digitized speech samples, comprising the steps of: determining a level of speech activity for a frame of digitized speech samples; selecting an encoding rate from a set of rates based upon said determined level of speech activity for said frame; coding said frame according to a coding format of a set of coding formats for said selected rate wherein each rate has a corresponding different coding format and wherein each coding format provides for a different plurality of parameter signals representing said digitized speech samples in accordance with a speech model; and generating for said frame a data packet of said parameter signals.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of speech signal compression, by variable rate coding of frames of digitized speech samples, comprising the steps of: determining a level of speech activity for a frame of digitized speech samples; selecting an encoding rate from a set of rates based upon said determined level of speech activity for said frame; coding said frame according to a coding format of a set of coding formats for said selected rate wherein each rate has a corresponding different coding format and wherein each coding format provides for a different plurality of parameter signals representing said digitized speech samples in accordance with a speech model; and generating for said frame a data packet of said parameter signals.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
86 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said step of determining said level of frame speech activity comprises the steps of: measuring speech activity in said frame of digitized speech samples; comparing said measured speech activity with at least one speech activity threshold level of a predetermined set of activity threshold levels; and adaptively adjusting in response to said comparison at least one of said at least one speech activity threshold levels with respect to a level of activity of a previous frame of digitized speech samples.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of: providing a rate command indicative of a preselected encoding rate for said frame; and modifying said selected encoding rate to provide said preselected encoding rate for coding of said frame at said preselected encoding rate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 3 wherein said preselected rate is less than a predetermined maximum rate, said method further comprising the steps of: providing an additional data packet; and combining said data packet with said additional data packet within a transmission frame for transmission.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
134 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said step of providing said data packet of said parameter signals comprises: generating a variable number of bits to represent linear predictive coefficient (LPC) vector signals of said frame of digitized speech samples, wherein said variable number of bits representing said LPC vector signals is responsive to said measured speech activity level; generating a variable number of bits to represent pitch vector signals of said frame of digitized speech samples, wherein said variable number of bits representing said pitch vector signals is responsive to said measured speech activity level; and generating variable number of bits to represent codebook excitation vector signals of said frame of digitized speech samples, wherein said variable number of bits representing said codebook excitation vector signals is responsive to said measured speech activity level.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
92 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said step coding said frame comprises: generating for said frame a variable number of linear prediction coefficients wherein said variable number of said linear prediction coefficients is responsive to said selected encoding rate; generating for said frame a variable number of pitch coefficients wherein said variable number of said pitch coefficients is responsive to said selected encoding rate; and generating for said frame a variable number of codebook excitation values wherein said variable number of said codebook excitation values is responsive to said selected encoding rate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said step of determining a level of speech activity comprises summing the squares of the values of said digitized speech samples.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of generating error protection bits for said data packet.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 8 wherein said step of generating error protection bits for said data packet wherein the number of said protection bits is responsive to said frame of speech activity level.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
116 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said step of adaptively adjusting speech activity threshold levels comprises the steps of: comparing said measured speech activity to said at least one of speech activity thresholds and incrementally increasing said at least one of speech activity thresholds toward the level of said frame speech activity when said frame speech activity exceeds said at least one of said speech activity thresholds; and comparing said measured speech activity to said at least one of speech activity thresholds and decreasing said at least one of speech activity thresholds to the level of said frame speech activity when said frame speech activity is less than said at least one of speech activity thresholds.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 10 wherein said step of selecting an encoding rate is responsive to an external rate signal.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 8 wherein said step of generating error protection for said data packet further comprises determining the values of said error protection bits in accordance with a cyclic block code.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of pre-multiplying said digitized speech samples by a predetermined windowing function.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of converting said LPC coefficients to line spectral pair (LSP) values.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said input frame of digitized samples comprises digitized values for approximately twenty milliseconds of speech.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said input frame of digitized samples comprises approximately 160 digitized samples.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
132 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said output data packet comprises: one hundred and seventy one bits comprised of forty bits for LPC data, forty bits for pitch data, eighty bits for excitation vector data and eleven bits for error protection when said output data rate is full rate; eighty bits comprised of twenty bits for LPC information, twenty bits for pitch information and forty bits for excitation vector data when said output data rate is half rate; forty bits comprised of ten bits for LPC information, ten bits for pitch information and twenty bits for excitation vector data when said output data rate is quarter rate; and sixteen bits comprised of ten bits for LPC information and six bits for excitation vector information when said output data rate is eighth rate.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
133 words
An apparatus for compressing an acoustical signal into variable rate data comprising: means for determining a level of audio activity for an input frame of digitized samples of said acoustical signal; means for selecting an output data rate from a predetermined set of rates based upon said determined level of audio activity within said frame; means for coding said frame according to a coding format of a set of coding formats for said selected rate to provide a plurality of parameter signals wherein each rate has a corresponding different coding format with each coding format providing a different plurality of parameter signals representing said digitized speech samples in accordance with a speech model; and means for providing for said frame a corresponding data packet at a data rate corresponding to said selected rate.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
133 words
An apparatus for compressing an acoustical signal into variable rate data comprising: means for determining a level of audio activity for an input frame of digitized samples of said acoustical signal; means for selecting an output data rate from a predetermined set of rates based upon said determined level of audio activity within said frame; means for coding said frame according to a coding format of a set of coding formats for said selected rate to provide a plurality of parameter signals wherein each rate has a corresponding different coding format with each coding format providing a different plurality of parameter signals representing said digitized speech samples in accordance with a speech model; and means for providing for said frame a corresponding data packet at a data rate corresponding to said selected rate.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
130 words
The apparatus for compressing an acoustical signal of claim 18 wherein said output data packet comprises: a variable number of bits to represent LPC vector signals of said frame of digitized speech samples, wherein said variable number of bits for representing said LPC vector signals is responsive to said level of audio activity; a variable number of bits to represent pitch vector signals of said frame of digitized speech samples, wherein said variable number of bits for representing said pitch vector signals is responsive to said level of audio activity; and a variable number of bits to represent codebook excitation vector signals of said frame of digitized speech samples, wherein said variable number of bits for representing said codebook excitation vector signals is responsive to said level of audio activity.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
69 words
The apparatus for compressing an acoustical signal of claim 18 wherein said means for determining said level of audio activity comprises: means for determining an energy value for said input frame; means for comparing said input frame energy with said at least one audio activity thresholds; and means for providing an indication when said input frame activity exceeds each corresponding one of said at least one audio activity thresholds.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus of claim 20 further comprising a means for adaptively adjusting said at least one of said at least one audio activity thresholds.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
42 words
The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said means for determining said energy of said input frame comprises: squaring means for squaring said digitized audio samples of a frame; and summing means for summing said squares of digitized audio samples of a frame.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
56 words
The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said means for determining a level of audio activity comprises: means for calculating a set of linear predictive coefficients for said input frame of digitized samples of said acoustical signals; and means for determining said level of audio activity in accordance with at least one of said linear predictive coefficients.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising means for providing error protection bits for said data packet responsive to said selected output data rate.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said means for providing error protection bits provides the values of said error protection bits in accordance with a cyclic block code.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising a means for converting said LPC coefficients to line spectral pair (LSP) values.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said set of rates comprises full rate, half rate, quarter rate and eighth rate:
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said set of rates comprises 16 Kbps, 8 Kbps, 4 Kbps and 2 Kbps.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
137 words
A circuit for compressing an acoustical signal into variable rate data comprising: a circuit for determining a level of audio activity for an input frame of digitized samples of said acoustical signal; a circuit for selecting an output data rate from a predetermined set of rates based upon said determined level of audio activity within said frame; a circuit for coding said frame according to a coding format of a set of coding formats for said selected rate to provide a plurality of parameter signals wherein each rate has a corresponding different coding format with each coding format providing a different plurality of parameter signals representing said digitized speech samples in accordance with a speech model; and a circuit for providing for said frame a corresponding data packet at a data rate corresponding to said selected rate.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
137 words
A circuit for compressing an acoustical signal into variable rate data comprising: a circuit for determining a level of audio activity for an input frame of digitized samples of said acoustical signal; a circuit for selecting an output data rate from a predetermined set of rates based upon said determined level of audio activity within said frame; a circuit for coding said frame according to a coding format of a set of coding formats for said selected rate to provide a plurality of parameter signals wherein each rate has a corresponding different coding format with each coding format providing a different plurality of parameter signals representing said digitized speech samples in accordance with a speech model; and a circuit for providing for said frame a corresponding data packet at a data rate corresponding to said selected rate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
67 words
The circuit of claim 29 wherein said circuit for determining said level of audio activity comprises: a circuit for determining an energy value for said input frame; a circuit for comparing said input frame energy with said at least one audio activity thresholds; and a circuit for providing an indication when said input frame activity exceeds each corresponding one of said at least one audio activity thresholds.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
34 words
The circuit of claim 30 wherein said circuit for determining said level of audio activity further comprises a circuit for adaptively adjusting said at least one of said at least one audio activity thresholds.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
30 words
The circuit of claim 29 wherein said circuit for determining said energy of said input frame determines said energy by summing the squares of the values of said digitized samples.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
48 words
The circuit of claim 29 wherein said circuit for determining a level of audio activity determines said energy by calculating a set of linear predictive coefficients for said input frame and determines said level of audio activity in accordance with at least one of said linear predictive coefficients.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
22 words
The circuit of claim 29 wherein said input frame of digitized samples comprises digitized speech for a duration of approximately twenty milliseconds.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
16 words
The circuit of claim 29 wherein said input frame of digitized samples comprises 160 digitized samples.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
24 words
The circuit of claim 29 further comprising means for providing error protection bits for said data packet responsive to said selected output data rate.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
25 words
The circuit of claim 36 further comprises a means for determining the values of said error protection bits in accordance with a cyclic block code.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
31 words
The circuit of claim 37 wherein said cyclic block code operates in accordance with a generator polynomial of 1+x 3 +x 5 +x 6 +x 8 +x 9 +x 10 .
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
18 words
The circuit of claim 29 further comprising means for pre-multiplying said digitized samples by a predetermined windowing function.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
13 words
The circuit claim 39 wherein said predetermined windowing function is a Hamming window.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
20 words
The circuit of claim 29 wherein said set of rates comprises full rate, half rate, quarter rate and eighth rate.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
20 words
The circuit for claim 29 wherein said set of rates comprises 16 Kbps, 8 Kbps, 4 Kbps and 2 Kbps.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
125 words
The circuit of claim 29 wherein said output data packet comprises: a variable number of bits to represent LPC vector signals of said frame of digitized speech samples, wherein said variable number of bits for representing said LPC vector signals is responsive to said level of audio activity; a variable number of bits to represent pitch vector signals of said frame of digitized speech samples, wherein said variable number of bits for representing said pitch vector signals is responsive to said level of audio activity; and a variable number of bits to represent codebook excitation vector signals of said frame of digitized speech samples, wherein said variable number of bits for representing said codebook excitation vector signals is responsive to said level of audio activity.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
37 words
The circuit of claim 43 wherein said output data packet further comprises a variable number of bits for error protection, wherein said variable number of bits for error protection is responsive to said level of audio activity.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
132 words
The circuit of claim 29 wherein said output data packet comprises: one hundred and seventy one bits comprised of forty bits for LPC data, forty bits for pitch data, eighty bits for excitation vector data and eleven bits for error protection when said output data rate is full rate; eighty bits comprised of twenty bits for LPC information, twenty bits for pitch information and forty bits for excitation vector data when said output data rate is half rate; forty bits comprised of ten bits for LPC information, ten bits for pitch information and twenty bits for excitation vector data when said output data rate is quarter rate; and sixteen bits comprised of ten bits for LPC information and six bits for excitation vector information when said output data rate is eighth rate.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
20 words
The circuit of claim 29 wherein said means for selecting an encoding rate is responsive to an external rate signal.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
20 words
The circuit of claim 29 further comprising a means for converting said LPC coefficients to line spectral pair (LSP) values.
Claim 51
Independent Claim
219 words
A method of speech signal compression by variable rate coding of frames of digitized speech samples comprising the steps of: multiplying one frame of digitized speech samples in a sequence of said frames of digitized speech samples by a windowing function to provide a windowed frame of speech data; calculating a set of autocorrelation coefficients from said windowed frame of speech; determining an encoding rate from said set of autocorrelation coefficients; calculating from said set of autocorrelation coefficients a set of linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients; converting said set of LPC coefficients to a set of line spectral pair values; quantizing said set of line spectral pair (LSP) coefficients in accordance with said rate command and said encoding rate; selecting a pitch value from a predetermined set of pitch values to provide a selected pitch value for each pitch subframe in each frame of digitized speech; quantizing said selected pitch value in accordance with said encoding rate and said rate command; selecting a codebook value from a predetermined set of pitch values to provide a selected pitch value for a pitch frame; quantizing said selected codebook value in accordance with said encoding rate and said rate command; and generating an output data packet comprising said quantized line spectral pair values, quantized selected pitch value, and quantized selected codebook value.
Claim 52
Independent Claim
219 words
A method of speech signal compression by variable rate coding of frames of digitized speech samples comprising the steps of: multiplying one frame of digitized speech samples in a sequence of said frames of digitized speech samples by a windowing function to provide a windowed frame of speech data; calculating a set of autocorrelation coefficients from said windowed frame of speech; determining an encoding rate from said set of autocorrelation coefficients; calculating from said set of autocorrelation coefficients a set of linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients; converting said set of LPC coefficients to a set of line spectral pair values; quantizing said set of line spectral pair (LSP) coefficients in accordance with said rate command and said encoding rate; selecting a pitch value from a predetermined set of pitch values to provide a selected pitch value for each pitch subframe in each frame of digitized speech; quantizing said selected pitch value in accordance with said encoding rate and said rate command; selecting a codebook value from a predetermined set of pitch values to provide a selected pitch value for a pitch frame; quantizing said selected codebook value in accordance with said encoding rate and said rate command; and generating an output data packet comprising said quantized line spectral pair values, quantized selected pitch value, and quantized selected codebook value.
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