US5465273A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Modem utilizing parity and convolutional encoder feedback
Assignee: PCTel Inc
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Filing: 1994-06-24
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Granted: 1995-11-07
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Expires: 2014-06-24
Abstract
Abstract A modem is provided with a Trellis encoder which utilizes a double-branch feedback, with a first branch of the feedback including a convolutional encoder, and a second branch of the feedback including a parity generator which computes the parity of consecutive offsets. The Trellis encoder includes a four-dimensional (4D) mapper which generates pairs of 2D points u(k). Each point is offset by a value c(k) to obtain offset points y(k) which are then predistorted by a value p(k) to obtain an output x(k). The output x(k) is filtered to update the predistortion value p(k) which in turn is used to update the offset value c(k). The offset value c(k) is chosen from a 2D constellation lattice which is closest to the predistortion value p(k). The parity C0 of consecutive offset values c(k) is used in conjunction with a redundant bit output Y0 of a convolutional encoder to generate a rotational feedback bit input U0 to the 4D mapper, where the rotational bit input is the parity of two 2D points chosen by the mapper. The mapper uses bit U0 in generating the second of the pair of points u(k). The second point is likewise offset to obtain another offset value y(k), and then predistorted to obtain another output. Two offset values y(k) are used by the convolutional encoder to generate the next redundant bit output with is eventually used with the parity of the next two offset values to generate the next bit U0 for the second of the next pair of points.
Inventors
- 👤 Paul D. Cole
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 07:56
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03M; H03M13/00; H03M13/25; H03M13/03; H03M13/23; H03M13/235; H03M13/256; H04; H04L; H04L25/00; H04L25/38; H04L25/40; H04L25/49; H04L25/497; H04L27/00; H04L27/32; H04L27/34; H04L27/3405; H04L27/3416; H04L27/3427; H04L27/3438
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
203 words
A modem transmitter, comprising: a) a four-dimensional (4D) mapper for generating pairs of two-dimensional (2D) points in a 2D constellation grid, said 4D mapper having means for receiving a plurality of bit inputs, at least one of said plurality of bit inputs being a rotation-defining bit which helps define a rotation of a point generated by said 4D mapper; b) offset means for offsetting said 2D points generated by said 4D mapper by values c(k) in a 2D constellation lattice, to obtain offset points y(k), where k is a time index for said 2D points; c) predistortion means for predistorting said offset points y(k) by values p(k) to obtain predistorted outputs x(k), wherein said predistortion means provides said values p(k) to said offset means, and said offset means chooses said values c(k) based on said values p(k); d) convolutional encoder means for receiving said offset points y(k) as inputs, and determining therefrom at least one bit value Y0; e) parity computation means for receiving said values c(k) as inputs from said offset means, and generating a parity bit value of two consecutive values c(k); and f) means for using said parity bit value and said bit value Y0 to generate said rotation-defining bit.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
203 words
A modem transmitter, comprising: a) a four-dimensional (4D) mapper for generating pairs of two-dimensional (2D) points in a 2D constellation grid, said 4D mapper having means for receiving a plurality of bit inputs, at least one of said plurality of bit inputs being a rotation-defining bit which helps define a rotation of a point generated by said 4D mapper; b) offset means for offsetting said 2D points generated by said 4D mapper by values c(k) in a 2D constellation lattice, to obtain offset points y(k), where k is a time index for said 2D points; c) predistortion means for predistorting said offset points y(k) by values p(k) to obtain predistorted outputs x(k), wherein said predistortion means provides said values p(k) to said offset means, and said offset means chooses said values c(k) based on said values p(k); d) convolutional encoder means for receiving said offset points y(k) as inputs, and determining therefrom at least one bit value Y0; e) parity computation means for receiving said values c(k) as inputs from said offset means, and generating a parity bit value of two consecutive values c(k); and f) means for using said parity bit value and said bit value Y0 to generate said rotation-defining bit.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 1, wherein: said offset means chooses said values c(k) to be the closest points in said constellation lattice to values p(k).
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 1, wherein: said rotation-defining bit defines a parity of said pair of 2D points.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
55 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 1, wherein: said convolutional encoder means comprises a bit extractor means for extracting a plurality of bits from a pair of offset points y(k), and a convolutional encoder which receives said plurality of bits extracted by said bit extractor and generates a redundant bit having said bit value Y0.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 1, wherein: said parity bit computation means generates said parity value by using rotation information of consecutive offsets c(k) in said constellation lattice.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 1, wherein: said means for using said parity bit value is a modulo 2 adder means.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
46 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 1, wherein: said parity bit computation means generates said parity value by assigning points in said constellation lattice as having odd parity and even parity, and by using the parities of respective assigned points relating to said consecutive offsets c(k).
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
178 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 1, wherein: a first (u(0)) of a pair of 2D points is offset by an offset value c(0) provided by said offset means to obtain a first offset point y(0), said first offset point y(0) is provided to said convolutional encoder means, said first offset point y(0) is predistorted by a predistortion value p(0) by said predistortion means to provide a first predistorted output x(0); said first predistorted output x(0) is used to update said predistortion means which generates a second predistortion value p(1), said second predistortion value is used by said offset means to generate a second offset value c(1), said first offset value c(0) and said second offset value c(1) are used by said parity computation means to generate a parity bit value C0 0 ,1, said parity bit value C0 0 ,1 is used by said means for using said parity bit value which generates a rotation-defining bit U0 1 and said rotation-defining bit U0 1 is used in generating a second (u(1)) in said pair of 2D points.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
147 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 8, wherein: said second (u(1)) of said pair of 2D points is offset by said second offset value c(1) provided by said offset means to obtain a second offset point y(1), said second offset point y(1) is provided to said convolutional encoder means, said second offset point y(1) is predistorted by said second predistortion value p(1) by said predistortion means to provide a second predistorted output x(1); said second predistorted output x(1) is used to update said predistortion means which generates a third predistortion value p(2), said third predistortion value is used by said offset means to generate a third offset value c(2), and said first offset point y(0) and said second offset point y(1) are used by said convolutional encoder to provide a redundant bit Y0 0 ,1 which is fed to said means for using said parity bit value.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
181 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 9, wherein: a first (u(2)) of another pair of 2D points is offset by said third offset value c(2) provided by said offset means to obtain a third offset point y(2), said third offset point y(2) is provided to said convolutional encoder means, said third offset point y(2) is predistorted by said third predistortion value p(2) by said predistortion means to provide a third predistorted output x(2); said third predistorted output x(2) is used to update said predistortion means which generates a fourth predistortion value p(3), said fourth predistortion value is used by said offset means to generate a fourth offset value c(3), said third offset value c(2) and said fourth offset value c(3) are used by said parity computation means to generate a parity bit value C0 2 ,3, said parity bit value C0 2 ,3 is used by said means for using said parity bit value which generates a rotation-defining bit U0 3 and said rotation-defining bit U0 3 is used in generating a second (u(0)) in said another pair of 2D points.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
231 words
A modem transmitter, comprising: a) a four-dimensional (4D) mapper for generating pairs of two-dimensional (2D) points in a 2D constellation grid, said 4D mapper having means for receiving a plurality of bit inputs, at least one of said plurality of bit inputs being a rotation-defining bit which helps define a rotation of a point generated by said 4D mapper; b) offset means for offsetting said 2D points generated by said 4D mapper by values c(k) in a 2D constellation lattice, to obtain offset points y(k), where k is a time index for said 2D points, said offset means including means for choosing values c(k) in a 2D constellation lattice and means for offsetting 2D points by said chosen values c(k); c) predistortion means for predistorting said offset points y(k) by values p(k) to obtain predistorted outputs x(k), wherein said predistortion means provides said values p(k) to said offset means, and said offset means chooses said values c(k) based on said values p(k); d) convolutional encoder means for receiving said offset points y(k) as inputs, and determining therefrom at least one bit value Y0; e) parity computation means for receiving said values c(k) as inputs from said means for choosing values c(k), and generating a parity bit value of two consecutive values c(k); and f) means for using said parity bit value and said bit value Y0 to generate said rotation-defining bit.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
231 words
A modem transmitter, comprising: a) a four-dimensional (4D) mapper for generating pairs of two-dimensional (2D) points in a 2D constellation grid, said 4D mapper having means for receiving a plurality of bit inputs, at least one of said plurality of bit inputs being a rotation-defining bit which helps define a rotation of a point generated by said 4D mapper; b) offset means for offsetting said 2D points generated by said 4D mapper by values c(k) in a 2D constellation lattice, to obtain offset points y(k), where k is a time index for said 2D points, said offset means including means for choosing values c(k) in a 2D constellation lattice and means for offsetting 2D points by said chosen values c(k); c) predistortion means for predistorting said offset points y(k) by values p(k) to obtain predistorted outputs x(k), wherein said predistortion means provides said values p(k) to said offset means, and said offset means chooses said values c(k) based on said values p(k); d) convolutional encoder means for receiving said offset points y(k) as inputs, and determining therefrom at least one bit value Y0; e) parity computation means for receiving said values c(k) as inputs from said means for choosing values c(k), and generating a parity bit value of two consecutive values c(k); and f) means for using said parity bit value and said bit value Y0 to generate said rotation-defining bit.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 11, wherein: said offset means chooses said values c(k) to be the closest points in said constellation lattice to values p(k).
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 11, wherein: said rotation-defining bit defines a parity of said pair of 2D points.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
53 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 11, wherein: said convolutional encoder means comprises a bit extractor means for extracting a plurality of bits from a pair of offset points y(k), said convolutional encoder means generating a redundant bit having said bit value Y0 from said plurality of bits extracted by said bit extractor.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 11, wherein: said parity computation means generates said parity bit value by using rotation information of consecutive offsets c(k) in said constellation lattice.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 11, wherein: said means for using said parity bit value is a modulo 2 adder means.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
46 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 11, wherein: said parity computation means generates said parity bit value by assigning points in said constellation lattice as having odd parity and even parity, and by using the parities of respective assigned points relating to said consecutive offsets c(k).
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
179 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 11, wherein: a first (u(0)) of a pair of 2D points is offset by an offset value c(0) provided by said offset means to obtain a first offset point y(0), said first offset point y(0) is provided to said convolutional encoder means, said first offset point y(0) is predistorted by a predistortion value p(0) by said predistortion means to provide a first predistorted output x(0), said first predistorted output x(0) is used to update said predistortion means which generates a second predistortion value p(1), said second predistortion value is used by said offset means to choose a second offset value c(1), said first offset value c(0) and said second offset value c(1) are used by said parity computation means to generate a parity bit value C0 0 ,1, said parity bit value C0 0 ,1 is used by said means for using said parity bit value which generates a rotation-defining bit U0 1 , and said rotation-defining bit U0 1 is used in generating a second (u(1)) in said pair of 2D points.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
147 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 18, wherein: said second (u(1)) of said pair of 2D points is offset by said second offset value c(1) provided by said offset means to obtain a second offset point y(1), said second offset point y(1) is provided to said convolutional encoder means, said second offset point y(1) is predistorted by said second predistortion value p(1) by said predistortion means to provide a second predistorted output x(1); said second predistorted output x(1) is used to update said predistortion means which generates a third predistortion value p(2), said third predistortion value is used by said offset means to choose a third offset value c(2), and said first offset point y(0) and said second offset point y(1) are used by said convolutional encoder to provide a redundant bit Y0 0 ,1 which is fed to said means for using said parity bit value.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
181 words
A modem transmitter according to claim 19, wherein: a first (u(2)) of another pair of 2D points is offset by said third offset value c(2) provided by said offset means to obtain a third offset point y(2), said third offset point y(2) is provided to said convolutional encoder means, said third offset point y(2) is predistorted by said third predistortion value p(2) by said predistortion means to provide a third predistorted output x(2); said third predistorted output x(2) is used to update said predistortion means which generates a fourth predistortion value p(3), said fourth predistortion value is used by said offset means to choose a fourth offset value c(3), said third offset value c(2) and said fourth offset value c(3) are used by said parity computation means to generate a parity bit value C0 2 ,3, said parity bit value C0 2 ,3 is used by said means for using said parity bit value which generates a rotation-defining bit U0 3 and said rotation-defining bit U0 3 is used in generating a second (u(0)) in said another pair of 2D points.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-11-06 | 1999-05-08 | 1999-11-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-11-06 | 2003-05-08 | 2003-11-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-11-06 | 2007-05-08 | 2007-11-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |