Abbreviation and acronym/initialism expansion procedures for a text to speech reader

Claim 2

A computer system for converting a text message into audio signals, including: a text to speech converter that translates text into audio signals; a text reader control procedure for receiving said text message, said text message having a sequence of words; a classifier procedure, coupled to said text reader control procedure, that classifies specified words in said text message with regard to syntax, punctuation and membership in predefined classes of words, said predefined classes of words including numbers, measurement units, geographic designations, and date/time values; said classifier procedure generating classification values for said words in said text message; and an abbreviation expanding procedure that receives said classification values and said text message, identifies abbreviation words in said text message that match predefined abbreviations and identifying a set of potential expansion values for each said identified abbreviation word, evaluates based on said classification values for words neighboring said identified words and in accordance with a predefined set of rules which, if any, of said potential expansion values is applicable, and substituting said potential expansion value for said identified abbreviation word when said evaluation yields a success value; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving expansion values from said abbreviation expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message said expansion value, if any, generated by said abbreviation expanding procedure for said word.

Claim 3

A computer system for converting a text message into audio signals, including: a text to speech converter that translates text into audio signals; a text reader control procedure for receiving said text message, said text message having a sequence of words; an acronym/initialism expanding procedure, coupled to said text reader control procedure, that identifies words in said text message that are acronyms and initialisms, parsing pronounceable syllables within said identified words and generating a substitute string comprising a sequence of units, each unit selected from the set consisting of a letter, number, pronounceable syllable and multiple letter identifier; said acronym/initialism expanding procedure including instructions for separating pronounceable syllables and individual letters not pronounceable as syllables from an identified word in said text message in accordance with predefined word parsing criteria; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving said substitute strings from said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message said substitute string, if any, generated by said acronym/initialism expanding procedure.

Claim 4

A computer system for converting a text message into audio signals, including: a text to speech converter that translates text into audio signals; a text reader control procedure for receiving said text message, said text message having a sequence of words; an acronym/initialism expanding procedure, coupled to said text reader control procedure, that identifies words in said text message that are acronyms and initialisms, parsing pronounceable syllables within said identified words and generating a substitute string comprising a sequence of units, each unit selected from the set consisting of a letter, number, pronounceable syllable and multiple letter identifier; said acronym/initialism expanding procedure including instructions for separating pronounceable syllables and individual letters not pronounceable as syllables from an identified word in said text message in accordance with predefined word parsing criteria; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving said substitute strings from said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message said substitute string, if any, generated by said acronym/initialism expanding procedure.

Claim 5

A computer system for converting a text message into audio signals, including: a text to speech converter that translates text into audio signals; a text reader control procedure for receiving said text message, said text message having a sequence of words; a classifier procedure, coupled to said text reader control procedure, that classifies specified words in said text message with regard to syntax, punctuation and membership in predefined classes of words, said predefined classes of words including numbers, measurement units, geographic designations, and date/time values; said classifier procedure generating classification values for said words in said text message; an abbreviation expanding procedure that receives said classification values and said text message, identifies abbreviation words in said text message that match predefined abbreviations and identifying a set of potential expansion values for each said identified abbreviation word, evaluates based on said classification values for words neighboring said identified words which, if any, of said potential expansion values is applicable, and substituting said potential expansion value for said identified abbreviation word when said evaluation yields a success value; and an acronym/initialism expanding procedure, coupled to said classifier procedure, that identifies words in said text message that are acronyms and initialisms, parsing pronounceable syllables within said identified words and generating a substitute string comprising a sequence of units, each unit selected from the set consisting of a letter, number, pronounceable syllable and multiple letter identifier; said acronym/initialism expanding procedure including instructions for separating pronounceable syllables and individual letters not pronounceable as syllables from an identified word in said text message in accordance with predefined word parsing criteria; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving expansion values from said abbreviation expanding procedure and said substitute strings from said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message (A) said expansion value, if any, generated by said abbreviation expanding procedure for said word, (B) said substitute string, if any, generated by said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and (C) said word otherwise.

Claim 6

A computer system for converting a text message into audio signals, including: a text to speech converter that translates text into audio signals; a text reader control procedure for receiving said text message, said text message having a sequence of words; a classifier procedure, coupled to said text reader control procedure, that classifies specified words in said text message with regard to syntax, punctuation and membership in predefined classes of words, said predefined classes of words including numbers, measurement units, geographic designations, and date/time values; said classifier procedure generating classification values for said words in said text message; an abbreviation expanding procedure that receives said classification values and said text message, identifies abbreviation words in said text message that match predefined abbreviations and identifying a set of potential expansion values for each said identified abbreviation word, evaluates based on said classification values for words neighboring said identified words which, if any, of said potential expansion values is applicable, and substituting said potential expansion value for said identified abbreviation word when said evaluation yields a success value; and an acronym/initialism expanding procedure, coupled to said classifier procedure, that identifies words in said text message that are acronyms and initialisms, parsing pronounceable syllables within said identified words and generating a substitute string comprising a sequence of units, each unit selected from the set consisting of a letter, number, pronounceable syllable and multiple letter identifier; said acronym/initialism expanding procedure including instructions for separating pronounceable syllables and individual letters not pronounceable as syllables from an identified word in said text message in accordance with predefined word parsing criteria; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving expansion values from said abbreviation expanding procedure and said substitute strings from said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message (A) said expansion value, if any, generated by said abbreviation expanding procedure for said word, (B) said substitute string, if any, generated by said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and (C) said word otherwise.

Claim 7

The computer system of claim 3, an abbreviation dictionary having, for each of a plurality of predefined abbreviations, one or more abbreviation expansion entries, each abbreviation expansion entry indicating one said potential expansion value associated with a particular one of said predefined abbreviations and indicating one of said predefined set of rules for determining the applicability of said potential expansion value; said abbreviation expanding procedure including instructions for evaluating each said identified potential expansion value for each said identified abbreviation word by executing said rule indicated in the corresponding abbreviation expansion entry in said abbreviation dictionary, and selecting said identified potential expansion value as a substitution value for said identified abbreviation word when said executed rule returns a predefined value indicating applicability of said identified potential expansion value.

Claim 8

The computer system of claim 1, an abbreviation dictionary having, for each of a plurality of predefined abbreviations, one or more abbreviation expansion entries, each abbreviation expansion entry indicating one said potential expansion value associated with a particular one of said predefined abbreviations and indicating one of said predefined set of rules for determining the applicability of said potential expansion value; said abbreviation expanding procedure including instructions for evaluating each said identified potential expansion value for each said identified abbreviation word by executing said rule indicated in the corresponding abbreviation expansion entry in said abbreviation dictionary, and selecting said identified potential expansion value as a substitution value for said identified abbreviation word when said executed rule returns a predefined value indicating applicability of said identified potential expansion value.

Claim 9

A memory for storing data for access by programs being executed on a data processing system, said memory comprising: a text to speech converter that translates text into audio signals; a text reader control procedure for receiving said text message, said text message having a sequence of words; a classifier procedure, coupled to said text reader control procedure, that classifies specified words in said text message with regard to syntax, punctuation and membership in predefined classes of words, said predefined classes of words including numbers, measurement units, geographic designations, and date/time values; said classifier procedure generating classification values for said words in said text message; and an abbreviation expanding procedure that receives said classification values and said text message, identifies abbreviation words in said text message that match predefined abbreviations and identifying a set of potential expansion values for each said identified abbreviation word, evaluates based on said classification values for words neighboring said identified words and in accordance with a predefined set of rules which, if any, of said potential expansion values is applicable, and substituting said potential expansion value for said identified abbreviation word when said evaluation yields a success value; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving expansion values from said abbreviation expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message said expansion value, if any, generated by said abbreviation expanding procedure for said word.

Claim 10

A memory for storing data for access by programs being executed on a data processing system, said memory comprising: a text to speech converter that translates text into audio signals; a text reader control procedure for receiving said text message, said text message having a sequence of words; a classifier procedure, coupled to said text reader control procedure, that classifies specified words in said text message with regard to syntax, punctuation and membership in predefined classes of words, said predefined classes of words including numbers, measurement units, geographic designations, and date/time values; said classifier procedure generating classification values for said words in said text message; and an abbreviation expanding procedure that receives said classification values and said text message, identifies abbreviation words in said text message that match predefined abbreviations and identifying a set of potential expansion values for each said identified abbreviation word, evaluates based on said classification values for words neighboring said identified words and in accordance with a predefined set of rules which, if any, of said potential expansion values is applicable, and substituting said potential expansion value for said identified abbreviation word when said evaluation yields a success value; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving expansion values from said abbreviation expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message said expansion value, if any, generated by said abbreviation expanding procedure for said word.

Claim 11

The memory of claim 6, an abbreviation dictionary having, for each of a plurality of predefined abbreviations, one or more abbreviation expansion entries, each abbreviation expansion entry indicating one said potential expansion value associated with a particular one of said predefined abbreviations and indicating one of said predefined set of rules for determining the applicability of said potential expansion value; said abbreviation expanding procedure including instructions for evaluating each said identified potential expansion value for each said identified abbreviation word by executing said rule indicated in the corresponding abbreviation expansion entry in said abbreviation dictionary, and selecting said identified potential expansion value as a substitution value for said identified abbreviation word when said executed rule returns a predefined value indicating applicability of said identified potential expansion value.

Claim 12

The memory of claim 6, further including an acronym/initialism expanding procedure, coupled to said classifier procedure, that identifies words in said text message that are acronyms and initialisms, parsing pronounceable syllables within said identified words and generating a substitute string comprising a sequence of units, each unit selected from the set consisting of a letter, number, pronounceable syllable and multiple letter identifier; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving expansion values from said abbreviation expanding procedure and said substitute strings from said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message (A) said expansion value, if any, generated by said abbreviation expanding procedure for said word, (B) said substitute string, if any, generated by said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and (C) said word otherwise.

Claim 13

A memory for storing data for access by programs being executed on a data processing system, said memory comprising: a text to speech converter that translates text into audio signals; a text reader control procedure for receiving said text message, said text message having a sequence of words; an acronym/initialism expanding procedure, coupled to said text reader control procedure, that identifies words in said text message that are acronyms and initialisms, parsing pronounceable syllables within said identified words and generating a substitute string comprising a sequence of units, each unit selected from the set consisting of a letter, number, pronounceable syllable and multiple letter identifier; said acronym/initialism expanding procedure including instructions for separating pronounceable syllables and individual letters not pronounceable as syllables from an identified word in said text message in accordance with predefined word parsing criteria; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving said substitute strings from said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message said substitute string, if any, generated by said acronym/initialism expanding procedure.

Claim 14

A memory for storing data for access by programs being executed on a data processing system, said memory comprising: a text to speech converter that translates text into audio signals; a text reader control procedure for receiving said text message, said text message having a sequence of words; an acronym/initialism expanding procedure, coupled to said text reader control procedure, that identifies words in said text message that are acronyms and initialisms, parsing pronounceable syllables within said identified words and generating a substitute string comprising a sequence of units, each unit selected from the set consisting of a letter, number, pronounceable syllable and multiple letter identifier; said acronym/initialism expanding procedure including instructions for separating pronounceable syllables and individual letters not pronounceable as syllables from an identified word in said text message in accordance with predefined word parsing criteria; wherein said text reader control procedure includes instructions for receiving said substitute strings from said acronym/initialism expanding procedure, and passing to said text to speech converter for each word in said text message said substitute string, if any, generated by said acronym/initialism expanding procedure.

Claim 17

The method of claim 10, said abbreviation word identifying step including accessing an abbreviation dictionary having, for each of a plurality of predefined abbreviations, one or more abbreviation expansion entries, each abbreviation expansion entry indicating one said potential expansion value associated with a particular one of said predefined abbreviations and indicating one of said predefined set of rules for determining the applicability of said potential expansion value; said abbreviation word identifying step further including evaluating each said identified potential expansion value for each said identified abbreviation word by executing said rule indicated in the corresponding abbreviation expansion entry in said abbreviation dictionary, and selecting said identified potential expansion value as a substitution value for said identified abbreviation word when said executed rule returns a predefined value indicating applicability of said identified potential expansion value.

Claim 18

The method of claim 10, identifying words in said text message that are acronyms and initialisms, parsing pronounceable syllables within said identified words and generating a substitute string comprising a sequence of units, each unit selected from the set consisting of a letter, number, pronounceable syllable and multiple letter identifier; said substitute string generating step including separating pronounceable syllables and individual letters not pronounceable as syllables from an identified word in said text message in accordance with predefined word parsing criteria; said substituting step including substituting in said received text message for each word in said text, said substitute string, if any, generated by said acronyms and initialisms identifying, parsing and generating steps.