US5751706A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
System and method for establishing a call telecommunications path
Assignee: Cignal Global Communications Inc
•
Filing: 1996-06-05
•
Granted: 1998-05-12
•
Expires: 2016-06-05
Abstract
Abstract This invention provides a path establishment device and method for establishing a path for a telecommunications call. In a preferred embodiment, the path establishment device of this invention includes an originating call processor in communication with an originating telecommunications network and a packet-based telecommunications network, a terminating call processor in communication with the packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, and means for establishing a communication path from the originating telecommunications network through the packet-based telecommunications network to a destination served by the public telecommunications network. The path establishment device and method of the present invention thus provides, among other advantages, for the use of a potentially less expensive packet-switched telecommunications network as a long distance carrier between two public switched telecommunications networks.
Inventors
- 👤 Mark S. Land
- 👤 Steven J. Kruy
- 👤 Andrew T. Perlman
- 👤 Edward A. Walvick
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 10:40
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04M; H04M15/00; H04L; H04L12/00; H04L12/64; H04L12/6418; H04L12/66; H04M15/56; H04M7/00; H04M7/12; H04M7/1205; H04M7/1245; H04L12/54; H04L12/56; H04L12/5601; H04L2012/5629; H04L2012/563; H04L2012/5638; H04L2012/5663; H04L2012/5671; H04L2012/6475; H04L2012/6486; H04M2215/00; H04M2215/20; H04M2215/202; H04M3/00; H04M3/38; H04M3/382; H04M3/42; H04M3/4228; H04M3/42289
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
169 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and wherein characteristics of the public telecommunications network determine the format of the destination address.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
169 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and wherein characteristics of the public telecommunications network determine the format of the destination address.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
165 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and wherein the predetermined code includes a personal identification number (PIN).
Claim 4
Independent Claim
165 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and wherein the predetermined code includes a personal identification number (PIN).
Claim 5
Independent Claim
178 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and wherein the predetermined code includes a telephone number, and wherein characteristics of the originating telecommunications network determine the format of the telephone number.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
178 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and wherein the predetermined code includes a telephone number, and wherein characteristics of the originating telecommunications network determine the format of the telephone number.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
186 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; means, responsive to a sequence of signals from a call originator, for generating the predetermined code; and means for transmitting the predetermined code from the generating means to the originating telecommunications network.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
186 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; means, responsive to a sequence of signals from a call originator, for generating the predetermined code; and means for transmitting the predetermined code from the generating means to the originating telecommunications network.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
The system as set forth in claim 4, wherein the predetermined code includes billing identification; and wherein the system further comprises means for validating the billing identification.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
187 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and wherein the means for establishing a call telecommunications path, and comprises means for monitoring the status of the call telecommunications path, and means, responsive to the monitoring means, for deriving billing information.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
187 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and wherein the means for establishing a call telecommunications path, and comprises means for monitoring the status of the call telecommunications path, and means, responsive to the monitoring means, for deriving billing information.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
167 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunication network and the packet-based telecommunication network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunication network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and means for amplifying communications received from or transmitted to the originating telecommunications network.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
167 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunication network and the packet-based telecommunication network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunication network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and means for amplifying communications received from or transmitted to the originating telecommunications network.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
169 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and means for suppressing echoes on communications generated or occurring in the call telecommunications path.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
169 words
A system for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising: a terminating call processor, in communication with a packet-based telecommunications network and a public telecommunications network, having means for receiving a destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network, and means for converting the destination code to a destination address associated with a destination served by the public telecommunications network; an originating call processor, in communication with an originating telecommunications network and the packet-based telecommunications network, having means for receiving a predetermined code from the originating telecommunications network, means, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, for identifying the terminating call processor, means, responsive to the predetermined code, for determining the destination code, and means for transmitting the destination code to the packet-based telecommunications network; means, responsive to the destination address, for establishing a call telecommunications path, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based telecommunications network, and the public telecommunications network, to the destination; and means for suppressing echoes on communications generated or occurring in the call telecommunications path.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
141 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and wherein characteristics of the public telecommunications network determine the format of the destination address.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
141 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and wherein characteristics of the public telecommunications network determine the format of the destination address.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
137 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and wherein the predetermined code includes a personal identification number ("PIN").
Claim 19
Independent Claim
137 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and wherein the predetermined code includes a personal identification number ("PIN").
Claim 20
Independent Claim
150 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and wherein the predetermined code includes a telephone number, and wherein characteristics of the originating telecommunications network determine the format of the telephone number.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
150 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and wherein the predetermined code includes a telephone number, and wherein characteristics of the originating telecommunications network determine the format of the telephone number.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
150 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; generating, responsive to a sequence of symbols from a call originator, the predetermined code; and transmitting the predetermined code to the originating telecommunications network.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
150 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; generating, responsive to a sequence of symbols from a call originator, the predetermined code; and transmitting the predetermined code to the originating telecommunications network.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the predetermined code includes billing identification; and wherein the method further comprises the step of validating the billing identification.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
158 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and wherein the step of establishing a call telecommunications path further comprises the steps of: monitoring the status of the call telecommunications path, and deriving, responsive to the monitoring step, billing information.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
158 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and wherein the step of establishing a call telecommunications path further comprises the steps of: monitoring the status of the call telecommunications path, and deriving, responsive to the monitoring step, billing information.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
138 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and amplifying communications received from or transmitted to the originating telecommunications network
Claim 28
Independent Claim
138 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and amplifying communications received from or transmitted to the originating telecommunications network
Claim 29
Independent Claim
137 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and suppressing echoes generated or occurring in the call telecommunications path.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
137 words
A method for establishing a call telecommunications path, comprising the steps of: receiving into an originating call processor a predetermined code from an originating telecommunications network; identifying, responsive to a preselected portion of the predetermined code, a terminating call processor; determining, responsive to the predetermined code, a destination code; transmitting the destination code from the originating call processor to a packet-based telecommunications network; receiving, using the terminating call processor, the destination code from the packet-based telecommunications network; converting the destination code obtained from the receiving step to a destination address associated with a destination served by a public telecommunications network; establishing a call telecommunications path, responsive to the destination address, through the originating telecommunications network, the packet-based network, and the public telecommunications network to the destination; and suppressing echoes generated or occurring in the call telecommunications path.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
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| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2005-05-11 | 2005-11-10 | 2006-05-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2009-05-11 | 2009-11-10 | 2010-05-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |