Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
142 words
A silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (I), which comprises having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 : wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n represents an integer of 2 or above.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
142 words
A silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (I), which comprises having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 : wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n represents an integer of 2 or above.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
182 words
A mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers represented by the general formula (Ia) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 , wherein g is 0 or an integer of 1 or above and the mean value of the g is greater than 1 in said mixture provided said mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers contains a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer wherein the g is an integer of 2 or above: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
182 words
A mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers represented by the general formula (Ia) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 , wherein g is 0 or an integer of 1 or above and the mean value of the g is greater than 1 in said mixture provided said mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers contains a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer wherein the g is an integer of 2 or above: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
99 words
The silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer according to claim 1 , which is a polymer represented by the general formula (II) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 : wherein p represents an integer of 1 or above; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n represents an integer of 2 or above.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
131 words
A mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers represented by the general formula (IIa) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 , wherein g is 0 or an integer of 1 or above and the mean value of the g is greater than 1 in said mixture, provided said mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers contains a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer wherein the g is an integer of 2 or above: wherein p represents an integer of 1 or above; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
131 words
A mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers represented by the general formula (IIa) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 , wherein g is 0 or an integer of 1 or above and the mean value of the g is greater than 1 in said mixture, provided said mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers contains a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer wherein the g is an integer of 2 or above: wherein p represents an integer of 1 or above; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
137 words
A process for preparing the silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer according to claim 1 , which comprises reacting an iodine-terminated organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula; wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; with a vinylsilane compound represented by the general formula: wherein Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
139 words
A process for preparing the mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers according to claim 2 , which comprises reacting an iodine-terminated organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula; wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; with a vinylsilane compound represented by the general formula: wherein Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
161 words
A surface-treating method for a substrate, which comprises coating the substrate surface with a treating solution comprising (1) a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix), (2) a fluorine-containing organic solvent and (3) a silane compound excepting said silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer (1): wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
161 words
A surface-treating method for a substrate, which comprises coating the substrate surface with a treating solution comprising (1) a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix), (2) a fluorine-containing organic solvent and (3) a silane compound excepting said silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer (1): wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
177 words
A surface-treating method for a substrate, which comprises coating the substrate surface with a treating solution (N) comprising (3) a silane compound excepting a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer (1) represented by the general formula (Ix) for forming an under-layer, and then coating the under-layer with a treating solution (M) comprising (1) the silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer and (2) a fluorine-containing organic solvent: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
177 words
A surface-treating method for a substrate, which comprises coating the substrate surface with a treating solution (N) comprising (3) a silane compound excepting a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer (1) represented by the general formula (Ix) for forming an under-layer, and then coating the under-layer with a treating solution (M) comprising (1) the silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer and (2) a fluorine-containing organic solvent: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
149 words
A surface-treating composition which comprises (1) a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix), (2) a fluorine-containing organic solvent and (4) an organic solvent excepting said fluorine-containing organic solvent (2): wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
149 words
A surface-treating composition which comprises (1) a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix), (2) a fluorine-containing organic solvent and (4) an organic solvent excepting said fluorine-containing organic solvent (2): wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface-treating composition according to claim 9 , wherein the organic solvent (4) excepting the fluorine-containing organic solvent (2) is alcohols.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
132 words
An anti-icing agent which comprises a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix): wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
132 words
An anti-icing agent which comprises a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix): wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
152 words
A water-repellent glass member which comprises a glass substrate and, as formed on the glass surface, a layer of a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix), and which is used in vehicles: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
152 words
A water-repellent glass member which comprises a glass substrate and, as formed on the glass surface, a layer of a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix), and which is used in vehicles: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 1 or above.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
159 words
An antifouling substrate which comprises a substrate and, as formed on the surface thereof, a layer of a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 : wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 2 or above.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
159 words
An antifouling substrate which comprises a substrate and, as formed on the surface thereof, a layer of a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 : wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 2 or above.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
200 words
A process for preparing an antifouling substrate, which comprises coating the substrate surface with a treating solution comprising a mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers represented by the general formula (Ia) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 , wherein g is 0 or an integer of 1 or above and the mean value of the g is greater than 1 in said mixture provided said mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers contains a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer wherein the g is an integer of 2 or above: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
200 words
A process for preparing an antifouling substrate, which comprises coating the substrate surface with a treating solution comprising a mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers represented by the general formula (Ia) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 , wherein g is 0 or an integer of 1 or above and the mean value of the g is greater than 1 in said mixture provided said mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers contains a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer wherein the g is an integer of 2 or above: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
146 words
A water-repellent glass member which comprises a glass substrate and, as formed on the glass surface, a layer of a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix): wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 2 or above.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
146 words
A water-repellent glass member which comprises a glass substrate and, as formed on the glass surface, a layer of a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer represented by the general formula (Ix): wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R 2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; m represents 1, 2 or 3; and n x represents an integer of 2 or above.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
200 words
A process for preparing a water-repellent glass member, which comprises coating the glass surface with a treating solution comprising a mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers represented by the general formula (Ia) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 , wherein g is 0 or an integer of 1 or above and the mean value of the g is greater than 1 in said mixture provided said mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers contains a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer wherein the g is an integer of 2 or above: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
200 words
A process for preparing a water-repellent glass member, which comprises coating the glass surface with a treating solution comprising a mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers represented by the general formula (Ia) and having a number average molecular weight of from 5×10 2 to 1×10 5 , wherein g is 0 or an integer of 1 or above and the mean value of the g is greater than 1 in said mixture provided said mixture of silicon-containing organic fluoropolymers contains a silicon-containing organic fluoropolymer wherein the g is an integer of 2 or above: wherein Rf represents perfluoroalkyl; Z represents fluoro or trifluoromethyl; a, b, c, d and e each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 or above, provided that a+b+c+d+e is not less than 1 and the order of the repeating units parenthesized by subscripts a, b, c, d and e occurring in the formula is not limited to that shown; Y represents hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, bromo or iodo; R 1 represents hydroxy or a hydrolyzable substituent group; R2 represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group; 1 represents 0, 1 or 2; and m represents 1, 2 or 3.