Transponder having directional antennas

Claim 3

The method recited in claim 1 , wherein said interrogation signal comprises an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/Mode Select format interrogation signal.

Claim 4

The method recited in claim 2 , wherein said directional radiation pattern comprises a Mode Select waveform.

Claim 5

The method recited in claim 3 , wherein said directional radiation pattern further comprises a Mode-A identification signal and a Mode-C altitude signal.

Claim 6

The method recited in claim 4 , wherein said step of using first and second directional antennas to independently acquire an interrogation signal further comprises alternately configuring said switch to acquire said interrogation signal on said first and second directional antennas.

Claim 7

The method recited in claim 5 , wherein said step of determining a directional source of said interrogation signal is determined using phase interferometry.

Claim 8

The method recited in claim 5 , wherein: said first and second directional antennas each comprise a plurality of directional antenna elements; and said step of determining a directional source of said interrogation signal further comprises determining the relative strength of said interrogation signal acquired by ones of said directional antenna elements.

Claim 9

The method recited in claim 7 , wherein said step of determining the relative strength of said interrogation signal acquired by ones of said directional antenna elements further comprises determining the relative induced signal amplitudes at each of said directional antenna elements.

Claim 10

The method recited in claim 5 , further comprising a step of receiving said interrogation signal into a Mode Select transponder receiver coupled to said switch.

Claim 11

The method recited in claim 9 , wherein said Mode Select waveform further comprises a unique address code.

Claim 14

The method recited in claim 11 , wherein said step of determining a vertical directional source of said received interrogation signal, further comprises comparing the relative signal strength of an acquired interrogation signal at said first directional antenna and at said second directional antenna.

Claim 15

The method recited in claim 12 , wherein: said directional antennas comprise a plurality of directional antenna elements; and said step of determining an azimuthal directional source of said received interrogation signal further comprises comparing the relative strength of said acquired interrogation signal at different ones of said directional antenna elements.

Claim 16

The method recited in claim 12 , wherein said step of determining an azimuthal directional source of said received interrogation signal further comprises comparing the phase of said acquired interrogation signal at different ones of said antenna elements using phase interferometry.

Claim 17

The method recited in claim 11 , wherein said step of generating an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal further comprises generating a Mode Select waveform.

Claim 18

The method recited in claim 15 , wherein: said step of generating an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal further comprises generating a control signal; and said step of configuring a switch further comprises configuring said switch in response to said control signal.

Claim 19

The method recited in claim 16 , wherein said step of generating an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal further comprises generating a Mode-A identification signal and a Mode-C altitude signal.

Claim 20

The method recited in claim 17 , wherein: said Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal is a coded 1030 MHz microwave interrogation signal; and said Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal is a 1090 MHz microwave reply signal.

Claim 21

An airborne directional transponder device for detecting and responding to Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signals using a pair of directional antennas, the device comprising: first and second directional antennas; a switch coupled to of each said first and second antenna; a transponder receiver coupled to said switch for receiving and decoding an interrogation signal, said receiver including a circuit for determining a relative directional source of a received and decoded interrogation signal; a transmitter coupled to said switch for transmitting a signal in response to said received and decoded interrogation signal; and a transmit and switch control circuit coupled to said switch for coupling said switch to a predetermined one of said first and second directional antennas for transmitting said response signal toward said relative directional source of said received and decoded interrogation signal.

Claim 22

An airborne directional transponder device for detecting and responding to Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signals using a pair of directional antennas, the device comprising: first and second directional antennas; a switch coupled to of each said first and second antenna; a transponder receiver coupled to said switch for receiving and decoding an interrogation signal, said receiver including a circuit for determining a relative directional source of a received and decoded interrogation signal; a transmitter coupled to said switch for transmitting a signal in response to said received and decoded interrogation signal; and a transmit and switch control circuit coupled to said switch for coupling said switch to a predetermined one of said first and second directional antennas for transmitting said response signal toward said relative directional source of said received and decoded interrogation signal.

Claim 23

The directional transponder device recited in claim 19 , wherein said interrogation signal is an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal.

Claim 24

The directional transponder device recited in claim 20 , wherein said circuit for determining a relative directional source of a received and decoded interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said interrogation signal acquired at each of said first and second antennas.

Claim 25

The directional transponder device recited in claim 21 , wherein: each of said first and second directional antennas further comprises a plurality of antenna elements; and said circuit for determining a relative directional source of a received and decoded interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said interrogation signal acquired at each of said plurality of antenna elements.

Claim 26

The directional transponder device recited in claim 21 , wherein: each of said first and second directional antennas further comprises a plurality of antenna elements; and said circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said received and decoded interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for comparing the relative phase of said interrogation signal at different ones of said antenna elements using phase interferometry.

Claim 27

The directional transponder device recited in claim 20 , wherein said first and second directional antennas are spaced apart from one anther.

Claim 28

The directional transponder device recited in claim 24 , wherein said first and second directional antennas are located on opposing surfaces of a host aircraft.

Claim 29

An directional transponder device for monitoring, detecting and responding to Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signals using a pair of directional antennas, each antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, the device comprising: first and second directional antennas mounted on opposing surfaces of an aircraft; a switch coupled to each of said antenna elements of each said first and second antenna; a transponder receiver coupled to said switch for monitoring, receiving and decoding an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal, said receiver including a circuit for determining a relative vertical directional source and a relative azimuthal directional source of a received Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal; a transponder transmitter coupled to said switch for transmitting an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal in response to said received and decoded Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal; and a transmit and switch control circuit responsive to a signal generated by said transponder transmitter, said transmit and switch control circuit coupled to said switch for coupling said switch to a predetermined one of said antenna elements of a predetermined one of said first and second directional antennas for transmitting said reply signal toward said relative vertical and azimuthal directional source of said received and decoded Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal.

Claim 30

An directional transponder device for monitoring, detecting and responding to Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signals using a pair of directional antennas, each antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, the device comprising: first and second directional antennas mounted on opposing surfaces of an aircraft; a switch coupled to each of said antenna elements of each said first and second antenna; a transponder receiver coupled to said switch for monitoring, receiving and decoding an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal, said receiver including a circuit for determining a relative vertical directional source and a relative azimuthal directional source of a received Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal; a transponder transmitter coupled to said switch for transmitting an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal in response to said received and decoded Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal; and a transmit and switch control circuit responsive to a signal generated by said transponder transmitter, said transmit and switch control circuit coupled to said switch for coupling said switch to a predetermined one of said antenna elements of a predetermined one of said first and second directional antennas for transmitting said reply signal toward said relative vertical and azimuthal directional source of said received and decoded Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal.

Claim 31

The directional transponder device recited in claim 26 , wherein said circuit for determining a relative vertical directional source of said interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining relative signal strength of said received interrogation signal acquired at each of said first and second antennas.

Claim 32

The directional transponder device recited in claim 27 , wherein: each said directional antenna further comprises a plurality of antenna elements having different but overlapping directional reception and transmission patterns; and said circuit for determining a relative azimuthal directional source of a received interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said received interrogation signal acquired at each of said plurality of antenna elements.

Claim 33

The directional transponder device recited in claim 28 , wherein said circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said received interrogation signal acquired at each of said plurality of antenna elements further comprises a circuit for determining the relative induced signal amplitudes at each of said individually addressable directional antenna elements.

Claim 34

The directional transponder device recited in claim 29 , wherein said switch is coupled to said antenna element determined to have the largest said induced signal amplitude relative to each other of said antenna elements for transmitting said reply signal toward said relative vertical and azimuthal directional source of said received Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal.

Claim 35

The directional transponder device recited in claim 27 , wherein: each said directional antenna further comprises a plurality of antenna elements; and said circuit for determining a relative azimuthal directional source of a received interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining the relative phase of said received interrogation signal acquired at each of said plurality of antenna elements using phase interferometry.