Process for olefin hydroformylation

Abstract

Abstract Aldehydes and/or alcohols are prepared by reacting a compound having olefinic linkage with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a complex of a transition metal having an atomic number from 23 to 85 with at least one molecule of a biphyllic ligand containing trivalent phosphorus, arsenic or antimony and adding to the mixture a carboxylic salt the salt of which with the transition metal is soluble or a soluble salt of such an acid. The preferred transition metals are those of Group VIII, cobalt being particularly preferred. The carboxylic acid may have one or more carboxyl groups, may be aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic and may contain other functional groups such as hydroxy, amino, keto or ether groups. The preferred acids are alkane carboxylic acids having 6-18 carbon atoms and cycloalkane carboxylic acids. The preferred ligands are phosphines such as tributyl- and triphenylphosphine. The olefines used as starting materials are preferably hydrocarbons having 3-12 carbon atoms which may be branched or straight-chain and have more than one double bond. Cyclic olefinic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexene, cyclopentene, cyclohexadiene, cyclopentadiene, cyclooctene and cyclooctadiene may also be used. Solvents, e.g. saturated hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols and ethers, may be used if desired. The reaction is suitably carried out at a pressure of 50-750 p.s.i.g. and a temperature in the range 100-300 DEG C. When the carboxylic acid is added in the form of a salt the preferred ones are the ammonium salts or those of the alkali metals or of the transition element present in the catalyst. Examples are given of the conversion of propylene to isobutyl alcohol and aldehyde.ALSO:A catalyst for use in the oxo process comprises a complex of a transition metal having an atomic number from 23 to 85 with at least one molecule of a biphyllic ligand containing trivalent phosphorus, arsenic or antimony in the presence of a carboxylic acid whose salt with the transition metal is soluble or a soluble salt of such an acid. The transition metals are preferably those of Group VIII, in particular cobalt. The carboxylic acid may contain one or more carboxylic groups, be aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or heterocyclic and may contain other functional groups such as hydroxy, amino, keto and ether groups. If the acid is added in the form of a salt suitable salts are the ammonium salts, alkali metal salts or the salts of the transition metal in the catalyst, e.g. cobalt.

Inventors

• 👤 Charles R Greene
• 👤 Robert E Meeker

Bibliographic Details