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US3746874A
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Apparatus using x-rays for measuring the content of an element having a higher mass absorption coefficient than hydrogen and carbon in hydrocarbon compounds
Assignee: Yokogawa Electric Corp
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Filing: 1970-10-06
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Granted: 1973-07-17
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Expires: 1990-10-06
Abstract
Abstract In an apparatus for measuring the concentration of elements such as sulphur, chlorine, nickel or lead contained in hydrocarbon compounds there is provided a source of radioactive rays having an energy level of about 60 to 100 KeV, a target irradiated with the radioactive rays to emanate fluorescent X-rays having an energy level of about 23 to 24.5 KeV, and means to detect the fluorescent X-rays which are transmitted through the petroleum.
Inventors
- 👤 I Hirayama
- 👤 Y Takeuchi
- 👤 S Ohata
- 👤 T Kamino
- 👤 H Kamano
- 👤 K Muraki
- 👤 T Ishiguro
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 16:20
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N23/00; G01N23/02; G01N23/06; G01N23/12; G01N23/083
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
36 words
The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbon compound is petroleum or its refined product and said element is selected from the group consisting of sulphur, chlorine, nichel and lead contained in said hydrocarbon compound.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
175 words
Apparatus for measuring the concentration of an element contained in a hydrocarbon compound comprising concentration detector means including a source of radioactive rays of an energy level of about 60 to 100 KeV, a target irradiated with said radioactive rays to emanate toward said hydrocarbon compound fluorescenT X-rays of an energy level of about 23 to 24.5 KeV, and a detector for detecting said fluorescent X-rays which are transmitted through said hydrocarbon compound; a density detector for detecting the density of said hydrocarbon compound; a measuring circuit for amplifying the concentration signal from said detector; a linearlizing circuit to linearlize the output from said measuring circuit; a divider for dividing the output from said linearlizing circuit with a signal related to the density signal from said density detector, means for converting said density signal into an exponential signal which is a function of the density and a reference concentration of said element and means for differentially adding said exponential signal to said concentration signal to reference said concentration signal with respect to said reference concentration.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said target is a composite target and comprises a combination of two metals selected from the group consisting of silver, tin, lidium and cadmium.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said target comprises a signal metal selected from the group consisting of indium and cadmium.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said detector comprises an ionization chamber.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
139 words
A concentration measuring circuit for use in apparatus for measuring the concentration of an element in a hydrocarbon compound by using the absorption of fluorescent X-rays by said hydrocarbon compound, comprising a concentration detector for measuring the concentration of said element, an amplifier for amplifying the concentration signal from said detector, a linearlizing circuit for linearlizing the output from said amplifying circuit, a divider for dividing the output from said linearlizing circuit with a signal related to the density signal of said hydrocarbon compound, means for converting said density signal into an exponential signal which is a function of the density and a reference concentration of said element and means for differentially adding a signal related to said exponential signal to a signal related to said concentration signal to reference said concentration signal with respect to said reference concentration.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The concentration measuring circuit according to claim 7 wherein said exponential signal is applied to the input of said amplifier.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The concentration measuring circuit according to claim 7 wherein said exponential signal is applied to the input of said divider.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
The concentration measuring circuit according to claim 7 wherein said exponential signal is added to the input of said linearlizing circuit.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
53 words
The concentration measuring circuit according to claim 7 wherein said differentially adding means applies the sum of a density correction signal derived from said exponential signal and a second exponential signal regarding a reference density and a reference concentration of said element to the input of said amplifier differentially with said concentration signal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
69 words
The concentration measuring circuit according to claim 7 wherein said differentially adding means applies an exponential signal which is a function of a reference concentration and a reference density of said element, and a detected concentration signal differentially to the input of said amplifier, and a second exponential signal which is a function of said reference concentration and density of said element differentially to the output from said amplifier.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
153 words
A signal generator for use in apparatus for measuring the concentration of an element contained in a hydrocarbon compound comprising a source of radioactive rays including a curved target and a radioactive substance located at substantially the focus of said target ; a detector including an ionization chamber having a potential electrode and a collector electrode; a measuring tank through which said hydrocarbon is continuously passed and having covers at the opposite ends of said tank, said covers being of a matErial leaving a low absorption coefficient for said radioactive rays, both said source and said detector being of a sealed construction and having a window of a material having a low absorption coefficient for said radioactive rays, said windows being in intimate contact with said covers to reinforce them ; and a diffuser at the inlet port of said measuring tank to cause said hydrocarbon compound to flow uniformly through said tank.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The signal generator according to claim 13 including means for detecting the temperature of said hydrocarbon compound within said measuring tank.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
The signal generator according to claim 13 including a conduit adapted to have steam flow therein to heat said measuring tank.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-07-16 | 1977-01-15 | 1977-07-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-07-16 | 1981-01-15 | 1981-07-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-07-16 | 1985-01-15 | 1985-07-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |