Patent US3972789A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3972789A
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Alkaline bright zinc plating and additive composition therefore
Assignee: Richardson Co
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Filing: 1975-02-10
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Granted: 1976-08-03
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Expires: 1995-02-10
Abstract
Abstract An alkaline, electroplating bath for bright zinc plating containing a composition comprising a condensate of a heterocyclic compound and an epihalohydrin, for example a condensate of nicotinamide and epichlorohydrin or a corresponding quaternary salt of such condensate, which bath is capable of producing bright, fine grained zinc deposits over a broad current density range both in the presence and absence of cyanides.
Inventors
- 👤 Frederick W. Eppensteiner
- 👤 Phillip J. DeChristopher
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 17:50
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/22; C25D3/24; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S524/00; Y10S524/901
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
103 words
A bright zinc, electroplating bath comprising an aqueous alkaline solution containing a source of zinc ions and from about 0.001 to about 1.0 grams per liter of a composition selected from the group consisting of a condensate of a heterocyclic compound and an epihalohydrin and the quaternary salt of such condensate wherein the mol ratio of heterocyclic compound to epihalohydrin ranges from about 2:1 to 1:2, said condensate having a molecular weight of from about 400 to 9000, said heterocyclic compound being a pyridine substituted in the 3 or 4 position with a radical selected from the group consisting of carbamoyl and acylhydrazino.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
103 words
A bright zinc, electroplating bath comprising an aqueous alkaline solution containing a source of zinc ions and from about 0.001 to about 1.0 grams per liter of a composition selected from the group consisting of a condensate of a heterocyclic compound and an epihalohydrin and the quaternary salt of such condensate wherein the mol ratio of heterocyclic compound to epihalohydrin ranges from about 2:1 to 1:2, said condensate having a molecular weight of from about 400 to 9000, said heterocyclic compound being a pyridine substituted in the 3 or 4 position with a radical selected from the group consisting of carbamoyl and acylhydrazino.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the heterocyclic compound is nicotinamide.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
The bath of claim 2 wherein the mol ratio of nicotinamide to epihalohydrin ranges from about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5, respectively.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The bath of claim 2 wherein the condensate is a condensate of epichlorohydrin and nicotinamide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
37 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the composition is a quaternary salt of the condensate of a nicotinamide and a epihalohydrin and the mol ratio of the nicotinamide to epihalohydrin ranges from about 2:1 to 1:2, respectively.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The bath of claim 5 wherein the mol ratio of nicotinamide to epihalohydrin ranges from about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5, respectively.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
The bath of claim 5 wherein the composition is a quaternary salt of a condensate of nicotinamide and epichlorohydrin.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
The bath of claim 5 wherein the quaternary salt is formed by reacting the condensate with a quaternizing agent in a mol ratio of from about 0.5 to 1 mols of quaternizing agent per mol of condensate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the molecular weight ranges from about 2000 to 3000.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
23 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the condensate is present within the range of from about 0.02 to about 1.0 grams per liter.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
26 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the quaternary salt of the condensate is present within the range of about 0.009 to about 0.5 grams per liter.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the bath contains a source of cyanide ions.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The plating bath of claim 12 wherein the source of cyanide is sodium cyanide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
The bath of claim 12 wherein the cyanide is present as a salt within the range of from about 2 to about 200 grams per liter.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the bath is free of cyanide ions.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the bath contains a brightener in addition to said composition.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
14 words
The bath of claim 16 wherein the brightener is an organic aldehyde or metal.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the bath contains a grain refiner in addition to said composition.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the source of zinc ions is an aqueous soluble zinc salt or oxide.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
The bath of claim 19 wherein the source of zinc ions is zinc sulfate or zinc oxide.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
12 words
The bath of claim 1 wherein the bath contains a polyvinyl alcohol.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the pH is above 14.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process for the electroplating of zinc which comprises effecting the electroplating within the bath of claim 1.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 23 wherein the plating is effected free of any cyanide ions.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 23 wherein the plating is effected in the presence of cyanide ions.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 23 wherein the bath contains cyanide as a salt within the range of from about 2 to about 160 grams per liter.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 23 wherein the plating is conducted at a temperature of from about 10° to about 100°C and at a current density ranging to about 200 amperes per square foot.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
87 words
An aqueous concentrate for preparing the bath of claim 1 containing a composition selected from the group consisting of a condensate of a heterocyclic compound and a epihalohydrin and the quaternary salt of such condensate wherein the mol ratio of heterocyclic compound to epihalohydrin ranges from about 2:1 to 1:2, said condensate having a molecular weight of from about 400 to 9000, said heterocyclic compound being a pyridine substituted in the 3 or 4 position with a radical selected from the group consisting of carbamoyl and acylhydrazino.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3884774A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-08-03 | 1980-02-02 | 1980-08-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-08-03 | 1984-02-02 | 1984-08-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-08-03 | 1988-02-02 | 1988-08-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |