Patent US3976569A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3976569A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Water softening process
Assignee: Energy Research and Development Administration ERDA
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Filing: 1975-02-25
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Granted: 1976-08-24
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Expires: 1995-02-25
Abstract
Abstract This invention involves an improved process for softening hard water which comprises selectively precipitaing CaCO3 to form a thin layer thereof, increasing the pH of said water to precipitate magnesium as magnesium hydroxide and then filtering the resultant slurry through said layer. The CaCO3 layer serves as a thin permeable layer which has particularly useful application in cross-flow filtration applications.
Inventors
- 👤 John D. Sheppard
- 👤 David G. Thomas
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 15:35
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01D; B01D69/00; B01D69/14; C; C02; C02F; C02F5/00; C02F5/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 6
Claim 1
Independent Claim
94 words
An improved process for softening hard water feed which comprises selectively precipitating CaCO 3 from said feed at a pH sufficient to deposit a permeable filtration layer consisting essentially of CaCO 3 on a porous substrate, while flowing said feed tangentially past said substrate increasing the pH of said feed to precipitate magnesium as magnesium hydroxide and then flowing the thus treated water tangentially past the deposited CaCO 3 at a velocity and pressure sufficient to effect transpiration of the water through said CaCO 3 and substrate to produce a transpired clarified water product.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
94 words
An improved process for softening hard water feed which comprises selectively precipitating CaCO 3 from said feed at a pH sufficient to deposit a permeable filtration layer consisting essentially of CaCO 3 on a porous substrate, while flowing said feed tangentially past said substrate increasing the pH of said feed to precipitate magnesium as magnesium hydroxide and then flowing the thus treated water tangentially past the deposited CaCO 3 at a velocity and pressure sufficient to effect transpiration of the water through said CaCO 3 and substrate to produce a transpired clarified water product.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
115 words
An improved process for softening hard water feed which comprises adjusting said feed to a pH in the range 8 to 10 and a temperature in the range of 15° to 35°C while flowing said water tangentially past a surface of a tubular porous substrate to cause deposition of a permeable filtration layer consisting essentially of CaCO 3 on said surface, adjusting said feed to a pH in the range of 10.8 to 11.5 which effects precipitation of magnesium as Mg(OH) 2 and then flowing the thus treated water tangentially past said CaCO 3 layer at a velocity and pressure sufficient to collect a transpired clarified water product from an opposite surface of said substrate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
115 words
An improved process for softening hard water feed which comprises adjusting said feed to a pH in the range 8 to 10 and a temperature in the range of 15° to 35°C while flowing said water tangentially past a surface of a tubular porous substrate to cause deposition of a permeable filtration layer consisting essentially of CaCO 3 on said surface, adjusting said feed to a pH in the range of 10.8 to 11.5 which effects precipitation of magnesium as Mg(OH) 2 and then flowing the thus treated water tangentially past said CaCO 3 layer at a velocity and pressure sufficient to collect a transpired clarified water product from an opposite surface of said substrate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method according to claim 2 in which the substrate is a woven fabric.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method according to claim 2 in which the velocity of the feed water flowing past said permeable layer of CaCO 3 is from 3 to 35 ft/sec and is at a pressure of from 15 to 70 psig.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-08-24 | 1980-02-23 | 1980-08-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-08-24 | 1984-02-23 | 1984-08-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-08-24 | 1988-02-23 | 1988-08-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |