Patent US4036206A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4036206A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Selective solar energy absorption
Assignee: EIDP Inc
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Filing: 1976-07-30
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Granted: 1977-07-19
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Expires: 1996-07-30
Abstract
Abstract Superior solar energy absorption selectivity is found with blackened white brass electroplated surfaces in which the white brass contains 0.5 to 20% by weight copper, balanced zinc, which has been electroplated using certain brighteners such as 1-benzl pyridinium, 3-carboxylate and then blackened with a weak solution of nitric acid.
Inventors
- 👤 John Frederick Straub
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 21:54
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D5/00; C25D5/48; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/56; C25D3/565; F; F24; F24S; F24S70/00; F24S70/20; F24S70/225; F24S70/25; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E10/00; Y02E10/40; Y10; Y10S; Y10S126/00; Y10S126/907; Y10S126/908; Y10S205/00; Y10S205/923; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/922; Y10S428/9335; Y10S428/934; Y10S428/935; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/12; Y10T428/12993
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
159 words
In a process for the selective absorption of solar energy wherein the ratio at 120° C. (250° F.) of absorptivity of the surface for solar energy, α S , to black body radiation emissivity, ε B , of the surface with respect to heat energy is at least 5:1, the improvement comprising absorbing the solar energy on a blackened white brass electroplated surface in which the electroplate contains about 0.5 to 20% by weight copper, balance zinc, and which electroplate has been prepared by the electrolytic deposition of bright white brass from an alkaline cyanide electroplating bath containing dissolved therein zinc, copper, cyanide and, in an amount to yield a metal deposit of improved brightness, at least one brightener which is an inner salt of a quaternized pyridine carboxylic acid having the general formula: ##STR2## and which bright white brass electroplate has been blackened by contact with an oxidizing acid solution containing 0.1% to 10% by weight nitric acid.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
159 words
In a process for the selective absorption of solar energy wherein the ratio at 120° C. (250° F.) of absorptivity of the surface for solar energy, α S , to black body radiation emissivity, ε B , of the surface with respect to heat energy is at least 5:1, the improvement comprising absorbing the solar energy on a blackened white brass electroplated surface in which the electroplate contains about 0.5 to 20% by weight copper, balance zinc, and which electroplate has been prepared by the electrolytic deposition of bright white brass from an alkaline cyanide electroplating bath containing dissolved therein zinc, copper, cyanide and, in an amount to yield a metal deposit of improved brightness, at least one brightener which is an inner salt of a quaternized pyridine carboxylic acid having the general formula: ##STR2## and which bright white brass electroplate has been blackened by contact with an oxidizing acid solution containing 0.1% to 10% by weight nitric acid.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
The improvement of claim 1 wherein the electroplate contains about 1 to 15% by weight copper, balance zinc.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
29 words
The improvement of claim 1 wherein the brightener is 1-benzyl pyridinium, 3-carboxylate and it is present in the electroplating bath in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 g/l.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The improvement of claim 1 wherein said electroplating bath also contains an aldehyde brightener.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
The improvement of claim 1 wherein said oxidizing acid solution also contains the Cr VI ion.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
163 words
An apparatus for the selective absorption of solar energy wherein the ratio at 120° C. (250° F.) of absorptivity of the surface for solar energy, α S , to black body radiation emissivity, ε B , of the surface with respect to heat energy is at least 5:1, the improvement comprising the absorber on which the solar energy is absorbed being a blackened white brass electroplated surface in which the electroplate contains about 0.5 to 20% by weight copper, balance zinc, and which electroplate has been prepared by the electrolytic deposition of bright white brass from an alkaline cyanide electroplating bath containing dissolved therein zinc, copper, cyanide, and in an amount to yield a metal deposit of improved brightness, at least one brightener which is an inner salt of a quaternized pyridine carboxylic acid having the general formula: ##STR3## and which bright white brass electroplate has been blackened by contact with an oxidizing acid solution containing 0.1% to 10% by weight nitric acid.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
163 words
An apparatus for the selective absorption of solar energy wherein the ratio at 120° C. (250° F.) of absorptivity of the surface for solar energy, α S , to black body radiation emissivity, ε B , of the surface with respect to heat energy is at least 5:1, the improvement comprising the absorber on which the solar energy is absorbed being a blackened white brass electroplated surface in which the electroplate contains about 0.5 to 20% by weight copper, balance zinc, and which electroplate has been prepared by the electrolytic deposition of bright white brass from an alkaline cyanide electroplating bath containing dissolved therein zinc, copper, cyanide, and in an amount to yield a metal deposit of improved brightness, at least one brightener which is an inner salt of a quaternized pyridine carboxylic acid having the general formula: ##STR3## and which bright white brass electroplate has been blackened by contact with an oxidizing acid solution containing 0.1% to 10% by weight nitric acid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
The improvement of claim 6 wherein the electroplate contains about 1 to 15% by weight copper, balance zinc.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
29 words
The improvement of claim 6 wherein the brightener is 1-benzyl pyridinium, 3-carboxylate, and it is present in the electroplating bath in an amount of about 0.1 to 10 g/l.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
The improvement of claim 6 wherein said oxidizing acid solution also contains the Cr VI ion.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
The improvement of claim 6 wherein said electroplating bath also contains an aldehyde brightener.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2817627A
Cited
US3920413A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-07-18 | 1981-01-17 | 1981-07-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-07-18 | 1985-01-17 | 1985-07-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-07-18 | 1989-01-17 | 1989-07-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |