US4126591A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Direct surface modification of pigments by plant phosphatides for their suspension in coating compounds
Assignee: American Lecithin Co Inc
•
Filing: 1977-04-07
•
Granted: 1978-11-21
•
Expires: 1997-04-07
Abstract
Abstract Coating compositions, such as, paints with mixed pigmentation containing pigment with widely different specific gravities, have the tendency to show in the pigment sedimentation a separation of the pigment components. Such separated components do not redisperse readily with the coating composition vehicle, upon shaking or mixing, to fully restore the initial color shades. The three factors of flotation, flocculation, and sedimentation cause the separation of the coating composition components. Plant phosphatides, which are referred to as lecithins, (and modified plant phosphatides) can be used as the only additive resulting in a joint sedimentation of the entire pigment mixture without separation of the pigment components from each other. As a result, on shaking or mixing, the entire pigmentation reenters the coating composition jointly, and the initial color shade of the coating composition is restored. The lecithin or modified lecithin is used in an amount between 4 to 10 percent based on the amount of pigment. Advantageously, the lecithin material is directly applied to the pigment surfaces. In such an embodiment, as little as 0.5 percent of lecithin can be used.
Inventors
- 👤 Max Kronstein
- 👤 Joseph Eichberg
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 09:20
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09D; C09D7/00; C09D7/40; C09D7/60; C09D7/63; C08; C08K; C08K5/00; C08K5/49; C08K5/51; C08K5/52; C08K5/521
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 57
Claim 1
Independent Claim
180 words
In the production of pigmented filmforming compositions comprising finely divided pigment particles or mixtures of such pigment materials and a drying vehicle, where the finely divided pigment particles or mixtures of such pigment materials composed of units of widely varying specific gravities are held in uniform dispersion and readily kept fully redispersible when conglomerated during storage into a packed and otherwise poorly dispersible sedimentation the improvement which comprises either incorporating at least 4 percent to 10 percent of lecithin or modified lecithin into the pigmentation already predispersed in the vehicle, based on total pigmentation, said modification being achieved by bleaching or by hydroxylation of lecithin, or pre-treating the finely divided pigment particles with lecithin or modified lecithin first in order to provide polymer or heterophase phosphatide on the surface of the particles before said particles are mixed with the film-forming materials, so that repulsive conditions are obtained between different such particles, in order to facilitate dispersion of such particles and to avoid, when dispersed in fluid and after a storage period, their conglomeration into a packed and poorly dispersible sedimentation.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
180 words
In the production of pigmented filmforming compositions comprising finely divided pigment particles or mixtures of such pigment materials and a drying vehicle, where the finely divided pigment particles or mixtures of such pigment materials composed of units of widely varying specific gravities are held in uniform dispersion and readily kept fully redispersible when conglomerated during storage into a packed and otherwise poorly dispersible sedimentation the improvement which comprises either incorporating at least 4 percent to 10 percent of lecithin or modified lecithin into the pigmentation already predispersed in the vehicle, based on total pigmentation, said modification being achieved by bleaching or by hydroxylation of lecithin, or pre-treating the finely divided pigment particles with lecithin or modified lecithin first in order to provide polymer or heterophase phosphatide on the surface of the particles before said particles are mixed with the film-forming materials, so that repulsive conditions are obtained between different such particles, in order to facilitate dispersion of such particles and to avoid, when dispersed in fluid and after a storage period, their conglomeration into a packed and poorly dispersible sedimentation.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein 0.5 to 3.5 parts of plant phosphatides are applied to 100 parts of pigment.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pigmented film-forming composition contains dispersing fluids which are film-forming materials for coating compounds and paints.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the plant phosphatides are used without first separating them into (a) the lower molecular weight and alcohol-soluble fraction and (b) the higher molecular weight alcohol-insoluble or micellular fraction.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein lecithin is separated into an alcohol-soluble fraction and an alcohol-insoluble fraction, and primarily the alcohol-insoluble fraction of lecithin is used as the lecithin component in the pigmented film-forming composition.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lecithin in its crude form contains some oil substance as carrier substance.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the crude lecithin has been chemically modified by bleaching or hydroxylation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lecithin has first by itself been modified to make it water dispersible for the dispersion of the pigments.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lecithin has been combined with water dispersible synthetic wetting agents for the dispersion of the pigments.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lecithin is diluted with a fluid, which is compatible with the drying vehicle, before the lecithin is combined with the drying vehicle.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
63 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 wherein, in diluting the lecithin with the fluid, a solvent is used as the fluid and is so readily and fully volatile that using it as diluent in a very thin lecithin layer it will allow its use on magnetic pigments for their application on tapes without interfering with the magnetic properties of the applied layer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
28 words
Finely divided pigment material which has been surface-treated with the higher molecular weight constitutents contained in lecithin or lecithin which has been modified by bleaching or by hydroxylation.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
Finely divided pigment material which has been surface-treated with the higher molecular weight constitutents contained in lecithin or lecithin which has been modified by bleaching or by hydroxylation.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
186 words
The process of overcoming in a coating composition that includes a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance to their specific gravity, which comprises incorporating a lecithin, or modification thereof, into said coating composition containing said solid pigment components in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said modification having been obtained by hydroxylating or by bleaching or by reacting an organometal acetate with said lecithin, said effective amount being 4.0 percent by weight, or more, based on the weight of said solid pigment components, said effective amount being more than the amount of said lecithin, or modification thereof, required for the optimum wetting and dispersion of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, and said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
186 words
The process of overcoming in a coating composition that includes a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance to their specific gravity, which comprises incorporating a lecithin, or modification thereof, into said coating composition containing said solid pigment components in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said modification having been obtained by hydroxylating or by bleaching or by reacting an organometal acetate with said lecithin, said effective amount being 4.0 percent by weight, or more, based on the weight of said solid pigment components, said effective amount being more than the amount of said lecithin, or modification thereof, required for the optimum wetting and dispersion of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, and said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process claimed in claim 13 wherein said coating composition is a paint.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process claimed in claim 14 wherein said solid pigment components are metal oxides or silicon oxides.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process claimed in claim 14 wherein said fluid vehicle is a drying coating vehicle.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process claimed in claim 14 wherein said lecithin is used in the form of a combination of a low-molecular alcohol-soluble fraction thereof and of a higher-molecular alcohol-insoluble fraction thereof.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process claimed in claim 14 wherein said lecithin is used in a crude form, which retains some of the oil matter of the plant seeds from which said lecithin is obtained, said oil substance acting as a carrier for the phosphatides in the lecithin.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process claimed in claim 18 wherein said oil carrier part in said crude lecithin has been chemically modified by hydroxylation or by bleaching.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process claimed in claim 14 wherein at least two of said solid pigment components also have different color, this process also overcomes the tendency of such at least two said solid components to separately settle and this preserves the color of said paint.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process claimed in claim 14 wherein said paint is in emulsion form and wherein said lecithin has first been modified into a more water dispersible form and then is used in said emulsion, thereby avoiding separation of said solid pigment components.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
46 words
The process claimed in claim 4 wherein said lecithin is used in combination with a minor amount of a synthetic surfactant which does not decrease the effectiveness of said lecithin in overcoming the tendency of said solid pigment components to separate according to their specific gravity.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process claimed in claim 14 wherein said lecithin is a soybean lecithin or corn lecithin and wherein said lecithin is used in a form which consists of a mixture of at least two fractions, at least one being higher molecular and alcohol insoluble.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process claimed in claim 14 wherein said amount of said lecithin, or modification thereof, is between 4 and 10 percent by weight based on the weight of said solid pigment components.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
137 words
The coating composition that comprises a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, and contains lecithin, or modification thereof, said modification having been obtained by hydroxylation or bleaching lecithin, said lecithin, or modification thereof, being present in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said pigments components, said effective amount being 4.0 percent by weight, or more, based on the weight of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance with their specific gravity, and said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
137 words
The coating composition that comprises a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, and contains lecithin, or modification thereof, said modification having been obtained by hydroxylation or bleaching lecithin, said lecithin, or modification thereof, being present in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said pigments components, said effective amount being 4.0 percent by weight, or more, based on the weight of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance with their specific gravity, and said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
14 words
The coating composition claimed in claim 25 wherein said coating composition is a paint.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
33 words
The coating composition claimed in claim 25 wherein said amount of said lecithin, or modification thereof, is between 4 and 10 percent by weight based on the weight of said solid pigment components.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
139 words
The process of overcoming in a coating composition that includes a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance to their specific gravity, which comprises treating said solid pigment components with a lecithin or modification thereof, said modification having been obtained by hydroxylating or bleaching lecithin, and then forming said coating composition containing said solid pigment components, said lecithin being used in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, and said coating composition returns to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
139 words
The process of overcoming in a coating composition that includes a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance to their specific gravity, which comprises treating said solid pigment components with a lecithin or modification thereof, said modification having been obtained by hydroxylating or bleaching lecithin, and then forming said coating composition containing said solid pigment components, said lecithin being used in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, and said coating composition returns to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process claimed in claim 28 wherein said coating composition is a paint.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process claimed in claim 29 wherein said fluid vehicle is a drying coating vehicle.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process claimed in claim 29 wherein said lecithin is used in the form of a combination of a low-molecular alcohol-soluble fraction thereof and of a higher-molecular alcohol-insoluble fraction thereof.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process claimed in claim 29 wherein said lecithin is used in a crude form, which retains some of the oil matter of the plant seeds from which said lecithin is obtained, said oil substance acting as a carrier for the phosphatides in the lecithin.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process claimed in claim 29 wherein said oil carrier part in said crude lecithin has been chemically modified by hydroxylation or by bleaching.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
43 words
the process claimed in claim 29 wherein at least two of said solid pigment components also have different color, this process also overcomes the tendency of such at least two said solid components to separately settle which preserves the color of said paint.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process claimed in claim 29 wherein said paint is in emulsion form and wherein said lecithin has first been modified into a more water dispersible form and then is used in said emulsion, thereby avoiding separation of said solid pigment components.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process claimed in claim 29 wherein said lecithin is a soybean lecithin or corn lecithin and wherein said lecithin is used in a form which consists of a mixture of at least two fractions, at least one being higher molecular and alochol insoluble.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
146 words
The coating composition that comprises a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, which has been pretreated with lecithin, or modification thereof, said modification having been obtained by hyroxylation or bleaching lecithin, said lecithin, or modification thereof, being present in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said pigments components, said effective amount being more than the amount of said lecithin, or modification thereof, required for the optimum wetting and disperson of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance with their specific gravity, and said coating composition returning to the original color and state coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
146 words
The coating composition that comprises a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, which has been pretreated with lecithin, or modification thereof, said modification having been obtained by hyroxylation or bleaching lecithin, said lecithin, or modification thereof, being present in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said pigments components, said effective amount being more than the amount of said lecithin, or modification thereof, required for the optimum wetting and disperson of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance with their specific gravity, and said coating composition returning to the original color and state coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
14 words
The coating composition claimed in claim 37 wherein said coating composition is a paint.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
33 words
The coating composition claimed in claim 37 wherein said amount of said lecithin, or modification thereof, is between 1 and 10 percent by weight based on the weight of said solid pigment components.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
144 words
The process of overcoming in a coating composition that includes a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance to their specific gravity, which comprises treating said solid pigment components with a modified lecithin, said modification having been obtained by reacting organometal acetate with lecithin, and then forming said coating composition containing said solid pigment components, said modified lecithin being used in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period, and having anitmold and antifouling properties.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
144 words
The process of overcoming in a coating composition that includes a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance to their specific gravity, which comprises treating said solid pigment components with a modified lecithin, said modification having been obtained by reacting organometal acetate with lecithin, and then forming said coating composition containing said solid pigment components, said modified lecithin being used in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period, and having anitmold and antifouling properties.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process claimed in claim 40 wherein said organometal acetate is an organolead acetate or an organotin acetate.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
33 words
Finely divided material which has been surface-treated with the higher molecular weight constitutents contained in lecithin which has been modified by the introduction of organometal acetate and which has antimold and antifouling properties.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
33 words
Finely divided material which has been surface-treated with the higher molecular weight constitutents contained in lecithin which has been modified by the introduction of organometal acetate and which has antimold and antifouling properties.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
18 words
Pigment material claimed in claim 42 wherein said organometal acetate is an organolead acetate or an organotin acetate.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
182 words
The coating composition that comprises a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, and contains modified lecithin, said modified lecithin having been obtained by reacting organometal acetate with lecithin, said modified lecithin being present in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said pigments components, said effective amount being 4.0 percent by weight, or more, based on the weight of said solid pigment components, of said modified lecithin, said effective amount being more than the amount of said modified lecithin required for the optimum wetting and dispersion of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance with their specific gravity, said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period, and the toxic characteristics of said organometal acetate imparting to said lecithin their resistance to molds and to fouling media.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
182 words
The coating composition that comprises a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, and contains modified lecithin, said modified lecithin having been obtained by reacting organometal acetate with lecithin, said modified lecithin being present in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said pigments components, said effective amount being 4.0 percent by weight, or more, based on the weight of said solid pigment components, of said modified lecithin, said effective amount being more than the amount of said modified lecithin required for the optimum wetting and dispersion of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance with their specific gravity, said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixing or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period, and the toxic characteristics of said organometal acetate imparting to said lecithin their resistance to molds and to fouling media.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
19 words
The coating composition claimed in claim 44 wherein said organometal acetate is an organolead acetate or an organotin acetate.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
195 words
The process of overcoming in a coating composition that included a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance to their specific gravity, which comprises incorporating a modified lecithin into said coating composition containing said solid pigment components in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said modification having been obtained by reacting an organometal acetate with said lecithin, said effective amount being 4.0 percent by weight, or more, based on the weight of said solid pigment components, said effective amount being more than the amount of said modified lecithin required for the optimum wetting and despersion of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixed or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period, and the toxic characteristics of said organometal acetate imparting to said lecithin their resistance to molds and to fouling media.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
195 words
The process of overcoming in a coating composition that included a fluid vehicle which is compounded with a mixture of powdered or granular solid pigment components, said solid pigment components having different specific gravities, the tendency of said solid pigment components, upon storage, to separate from each other in accordance to their specific gravity, which comprises incorporating a modified lecithin into said coating composition containing said solid pigment components in an amount effective to significantly improve the storage stability of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said modification having been obtained by reacting an organometal acetate with said lecithin, said effective amount being 4.0 percent by weight, or more, based on the weight of said solid pigment components, said effective amount being more than the amount of said modified lecithin required for the optimum wetting and despersion of said solid pigment components in said coating composition, said coating composition returning to the original color and state said coating composition originally had upon mixed or shaking of said coating composition after a storage period, and the toxic characteristics of said organometal acetate imparting to said lecithin their resistance to molds and to fouling media.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process claimed in claim 46 wherein said organometal acetate is an organolead acetate or an organotin acetate.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-11-20 | 1982-05-22 | 1982-11-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-11-20 | 1986-05-22 | 1986-11-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-11-20 | 1990-05-22 | 1990-11-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |