US4459312A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Enzymes bonded to living yeast cells
Assignee: C.H. Boehringer Sohn AG and Co KG
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Filing: 1981-06-02
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Granted: 1984-07-10
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Expires: 2001-06-02
Abstract
Abstract Living, fermentable yeast cells are prepared having an enzyme or mixture of enzymes coupled thereto. Enzyme coupling is carried out by contacting at least partially dehydrated living yeast cells with an aqueous enzyme solution to cause the yeast cells to rehydrate and a layer of enzyme to form on the surface of the yeast cells, and than contacting the rehydrated yeast cells with an enzyme-precipitating solution which optionally contains a cross-linking agent to cause the enzyme to become attached to the yeast cells. An aqueous solution of tannin is preferably the enzyme-precipitating solution and gluardialdehyde is preferably the cross-linking agent. Pepsin coupled to Saccharomyces yeast, when used to ferment grape must to produce wine, results in practically foam-free attenuation, quicker fermentation and better self-clarification. Saccharomyces yeast having amgloglucosidase coupled thereto may be used to ferment beer wort to produce a diet beer.
Inventors
- 👤 Winfried Hartmeier
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 21:11
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12C; C12C5/00; C12C5/004; C12C11/00; C12C11/09; C12G; C12G1/00; C12G1/02; C12G1/0203; C12N; C12N1/00; C12N1/14; C12N1/16; C12N11/00; C12N11/16; C12N11/18
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
161 words
A process for the preparation of a water-insoluble co-immobilized enzyme comprising living, fermentable yeast cells having an enzyme or a mixture of enzymes bonded thereto, said process comprising the steps of: (a) at least partially dehydrating living, fermentable yeast cells by substantially removing water from within the living yeast cells to produce dehydrated living yeast cells; (b) contacting the dehydrated living yeast cells from step (a) with an aqueous solution of an enzyme or mixture of enzymes to cause the living yeast cells to rehydrate and the enzyme or mixture of enzymes to form layers upon the surfaces of the living yeast cells; and (c) contacting the rehydrated living yeast cells from step (b) with an enzyme-precipitating substance other than an enzyme-precipitating organic solvent and with a cross-linking agent to obtain living yeast cells having said enzyme or mixture of enzymes bonded thereto, said contacting with said enzyme-precipitating substance being carried out simultaneously with or before contacting with said cross-linking agent.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
161 words
A process for the preparation of a water-insoluble co-immobilized enzyme comprising living, fermentable yeast cells having an enzyme or a mixture of enzymes bonded thereto, said process comprising the steps of: (a) at least partially dehydrating living, fermentable yeast cells by substantially removing water from within the living yeast cells to produce dehydrated living yeast cells; (b) contacting the dehydrated living yeast cells from step (a) with an aqueous solution of an enzyme or mixture of enzymes to cause the living yeast cells to rehydrate and the enzyme or mixture of enzymes to form layers upon the surfaces of the living yeast cells; and (c) contacting the rehydrated living yeast cells from step (b) with an enzyme-precipitating substance other than an enzyme-precipitating organic solvent and with a cross-linking agent to obtain living yeast cells having said enzyme or mixture of enzymes bonded thereto, said contacting with said enzyme-precipitating substance being carried out simultaneously with or before contacting with said cross-linking agent.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the yeast is Saccharomycetes cerevisiae or Saccharomycetes bayanus.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the enzyme is pepsin.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution contains water in an amount that is entirely or almost entirely absorbed by the dehydrated yeast cells.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the yeast cells reach a water saturation content of from about 70 to 75 percent by weight during rehydration.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the aqueous enzyme solution is heated to from about 30° to 40° C.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the step (b) a suspension or a slurry is formed.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the enzyme precipitating medium comprises an aqueous solution of tannin.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 8, wherein the aqueous solution contains from 0.5 to 5 percent of tannin.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is glutardialdehyde.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 10, wherein the aqueous solution contains from about 1 to 10 percent of glutardialdehyde.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
156 words
A water-insoluble co-immobilized enzyme comprising living, fermentable yeast cells having an enzyme or a mixture of enzymes bonded thereto, which is prepared by the steps of: (a) at least partially dehydrating living, fermentable yeast cells by substantially removing water from within the living yeast cells to produce dehydrated living yeast cells; (b) contacting the dehydrated living yeast cells from step (a) with an aqueous solution of an enzyme or mixture of enzymes to cause the living yeast cells to rehydrate and the enzyme or mixture of enzymes to form layers upon the surfaces of the living yeast cells; and (c) contacting the rehydrated living yeast cells from step (b) with an enzyme-precipitating substance other than an enzyme-precipitating organic solvent and with a cross-linking agent to obtain living yeast cells having said enzyme or mixture of enzymes bonded thereto, said contacting with said enzyme-precipitating substance being carried out simultaneously with or before contacting with said cross-linking agent.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
156 words
A water-insoluble co-immobilized enzyme comprising living, fermentable yeast cells having an enzyme or a mixture of enzymes bonded thereto, which is prepared by the steps of: (a) at least partially dehydrating living, fermentable yeast cells by substantially removing water from within the living yeast cells to produce dehydrated living yeast cells; (b) contacting the dehydrated living yeast cells from step (a) with an aqueous solution of an enzyme or mixture of enzymes to cause the living yeast cells to rehydrate and the enzyme or mixture of enzymes to form layers upon the surfaces of the living yeast cells; and (c) contacting the rehydrated living yeast cells from step (b) with an enzyme-precipitating substance other than an enzyme-precipitating organic solvent and with a cross-linking agent to obtain living yeast cells having said enzyme or mixture of enzymes bonded thereto, said contacting with said enzyme-precipitating substance being carried out simultaneously with or before contacting with said cross-linking agent.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 12, wherein the cross-linking agent is glutardialdehyde.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composition of claim 12, wherein a mixture of enzymes is bonded to the yeast cells.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 12, wherein the yeast is Saccharomycetes cerevisiae or Saccharomycetes bayanus.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
10 words
The composition of claim 12, wherein the enzyme is pepsin.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composition of claim 12, wherein substantially each yeast cell has an enzyme coating bonded thereto.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition of claim 17, wherein from about 75 to 100 percent of the yeast cells have an enzyme coating bonded thereto.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
In a process of preparing an alcoholic beverage from a fermentable mixture containing yeast cells, the improvement which comprises using the water-insoluble co-immobilized enzyme of claim 12.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 19, wherein the cross-linking agent is glutardialdehyde.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 19, wherein a mixture of enzymes is bonded to the yeast cells.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 19, wherein the yeast is Saccharomycetes cerevisiae or Saccharomycetes bayanus.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 19, wherein the enzyme is pepsin.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 19, wherein substantially each yeast cell has an enzyme coating bonded thereto.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 24, wherein from about 75 to 100 percent of the yeast cells have an enzyme coating bonded thereto.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-07-10 | 1988-01-09 | 1988-07-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-07-10 | 1992-01-09 | 1992-07-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-07-10 | 1996-01-09 | 1996-07-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |