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US4608192A
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Graphite intercalates containing metal-charge transfer salts
Assignee: Verizon Laboratories Inc
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Filing: 1984-01-16
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Granted: 1986-08-26
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Expires: 2004-01-16
Abstract
Abstract A stabilized graphite intercalation product can be formed by sequential intercalation of graphite. Graphite is initially intercalated with an alkali metal (M). The unstable alkali metal intercalation compound is then intercalated with an organic acid (R) to form a room temperature stable, graphite intercalation containing a metal charge transfer salt of the type M + R - .
Inventors
- 👤 Sophia R. Su
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 21:59
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01B; H01B1/00; H01B1/04; C; C01; C01B; C01B32/00; C01B32/20; C01B32/21; C01B32/22
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
74 words
An intercalated graphite material in which the intercalant has the formula: M.sup.+ R.sup.- wherein: M + is selected from the group consisting of: (a) cations of alkali metals; (b) cuprous chloride (CuCl); and (c) cupric chloride CuCl 2 and R - is an anion radical group of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of: (a) 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane; (b) Tetracyanoethylene; (c) Tetrachloroethylene; (d) 1,2,4,5 Tetracyanobenzene; (e) Diphenylacetylene; (f) 1,2 Dicyanobenzene; and (g) 1,4 Dicyanobenzene.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
74 words
An intercalated graphite material in which the intercalant has the formula: M.sup.+ R.sup.- wherein: M + is selected from the group consisting of: (a) cations of alkali metals; (b) cuprous chloride (CuCl); and (c) cupric chloride CuCl 2 and R - is an anion radical group of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of: (a) 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane; (b) Tetracyanoethylene; (c) Tetrachloroethylene; (d) 1,2,4,5 Tetracyanobenzene; (e) Diphenylacetylene; (f) 1,2 Dicyanobenzene; and (g) 1,4 Dicyanobenzene.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
81 words
An intercalated graphite material in which the intercalant has the formula: M.sup.+ R.sup.- wherein: M + is a cation of a metal selected from the group consisting of: (a) Potassium; (b) Rubidium; (c) Cesium; and (d) Lithium; or M + is cuprous chloride (CuCl) or cupric chloride (CuCl 2 ); and R - is an anion radical group of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of: 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane (TCNQ); Tetracynaoethylene (TCNE); Tetrachloroethylene; 1,2,4,5,Tetracyanobenzene (TCNB); Diphenylacetylene; 1,2 Dicyanobenzene; and 1,4 Dicyanobenzene.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
81 words
An intercalated graphite material in which the intercalant has the formula: M.sup.+ R.sup.- wherein: M + is a cation of a metal selected from the group consisting of: (a) Potassium; (b) Rubidium; (c) Cesium; and (d) Lithium; or M + is cuprous chloride (CuCl) or cupric chloride (CuCl 2 ); and R - is an anion radical group of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of: 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane (TCNQ); Tetracynaoethylene (TCNE); Tetrachloroethylene; 1,2,4,5,Tetracyanobenzene (TCNB); Diphenylacetylene; 1,2 Dicyanobenzene; and 1,4 Dicyanobenzene.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
66 words
Graphite intercalated with a charge transfer salt comprising an organic electron acceptor anion radical selected from the group consisting of: (a) 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane; (b) Tetracyanoethylene; (c) Tetrachloroethylene; (d) 1,2,4,5 Tetracyanobenzene; (e) Diphenylacetylene; (f) 1,2 Dicyanobenzene; and (g) 1,4 Dicyanobenzene, and a material selected from the group consisting of: (a) Potassium; (b) Rubidium; (c) Cesium; (d) Lithium; (e) cuprous chloride (CuCl); and (f) cupric chloride (CuCl 2 ).
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
66 words
Graphite intercalated with a charge transfer salt comprising an organic electron acceptor anion radical selected from the group consisting of: (a) 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane; (b) Tetracyanoethylene; (c) Tetrachloroethylene; (d) 1,2,4,5 Tetracyanobenzene; (e) Diphenylacetylene; (f) 1,2 Dicyanobenzene; and (g) 1,4 Dicyanobenzene, and a material selected from the group consisting of: (a) Potassium; (b) Rubidium; (c) Cesium; (d) Lithium; (e) cuprous chloride (CuCl); and (f) cupric chloride (CuCl 2 ).
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
44 words
A stabilized intercalate of graphite containing a metal charge transfer salt comprising: a cation of an alkali metal, cuprous chloride or cupric chloride and an anion radical group of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of: (a) 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane; (b) Tetracyanoetylene; (c) Tetrachloroethylene;
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
A stabilized intercalate of graphite containing a metal charge transfer salt comprising: a cation of an alkali metal, cuprous chloride or cupric chloride and an anion radical group of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of: (a) 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane; (b) Tetracyanoetylene; (c) Tetrachloroethylene;
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
3 words
(d) 1,2,4,5 Tetracyanobenzene;
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
3 words
(d) 1,2,4,5 Tetracyanobenzene;
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
2 words
(e) Diphenylacethylene;
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
2 words
(e) Diphenylacethylene;
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
4 words
(f) 1,2 Dicyanobenzene; and
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
4 words
(f) 1,2 Dicyanobenzene; and
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
(g) 1,4 Dicyanobenzene, and characterized by the formation of anion-radical salts which stablize the metal intercalant in an ionic state.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
(g) 1,4 Dicyanobenzene, and characterized by the formation of anion-radical salts which stablize the metal intercalant in an ionic state.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
The stabilized intercalate of claim 4 wherein the metal charge transfer salt comprises cuprous chloride (CuCl) or cupric chloride (CuCl 2 ) and the organic acid is 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
The stabilized intercalate of claim 4 wherein the alkali metal is Potassium.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-08-25 | 1990-02-24 | 1990-08-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-08-25 | 1994-02-24 | 1994-08-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-08-25 | 1998-02-24 | 1998-08-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |