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US4609557A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Manufacture of bread crumb-like product

Assignee: General Foods Corp
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Filing: 1985-05-23
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Granted: 1986-09-02
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Expires: 2005-05-23
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Abstract

Abstract Bread crumb-like product particles having properties comparable to those of conventional bread crumbs are produced by continuously mixing the individual components with a leavening agent in a continuous extruder/cooker, extruding the cooked dough, cutting the extruded dough into small lengths, toasting the cut dough and dividing the toasted dough into a first part and a second part, grinding the first part into discrete dough particles, subjecting the second part to a humidifying chamber then grinding same into discrete dough particles, and combining the ground first part and the humidified ground second part and drying the combination to a desired moisture and texture.

Inventors

  • 👤 Wei-Wen Mao
  • 👤 Robert E. Altomare
  • 👤 Joseph Giacone
  • 👤 Casimiro P. Matias

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-31 02:19
CPC Classifications
A; A21; A21D; A21D8/00; A21D8/06; A21D8/02; A23; A23L; A23L7/00; A23L7/10; A23L7/157

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim 426 words
A process for preparing a bread crumb mix with texture and appearance typifying the internal and external portions of a bread loaf from a single process comprising: (a) feeding a farinaceous material comprising wheat flour in amounts ranging from 55% to 90% by weight and containing wheat gluten; flaky crust flour in amounts of 10% to 30% by weight and malted barley flour in amounts 4% to 15% by weight together with 0% to 4% by weight of an edible acid and a gas forming agent other than fermentable gas generators into a cooker extruder, the gas producing in the final product an open spongy texture similar to that observed in a fully baked, yeast leavened, flour based product; (b) adding sufficient water to the extruder to increase the moisture of the farinaceous mixture to an amount ranging from about 20% to 40% by weight of the farinaceous mixture and mixing to form a dough; (c) cooking the dough within the extruder for a time ranging from about 10 to about 20 seconds and at a temperature ranging from 200° F. to 300° F. and pressure ranging from 2.5 psig to 500 psig to develop the gluten into a uniform structure and substantially gelantinize the starch; (d) extruding the cooked dough; (e) tempering the cooked extruded dough to set the final structure and to complete the cook; (f) cutting the dough into small lengths ranging from 0.5 to 24 inches; (g) toasting the cut extruded dough at a temperature ranging from 250° F. to about 1000° F.; (h) separating the toasted, cut, extruded dough into a first part consisting of from 65% to 85% of the extruded dough and a second part consisting of from 15% to 35% of the extruded dough; (i) subjecting the first part to a grinding device to produce particles having a distribution of sizes ranging from 0.5 inches to about 0.0117 inches; (j) subjecting the second part to a humidifying chamber having humidity ranging from 50% to 100% and temperature ranging from 120° F. to 250° F. for a time ranging from 2 minutes to 10 minutes; (k) subjecting the humidified second part to a grinding device to produce particles having a distribution of sizes ranging from 0.5 inches to about 0.0117 inches; (l) recombining the ground first part and the humidified ground second part; (m) drying the recombined first part and second part at temperature ranging from 200° F. to 350° F. for from 2 minutes to 10 minutes to produce a final crumb moisture ranging from 2% to 10%.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 426 words
A process for preparing a bread crumb mix with texture and appearance typifying the internal and external portions of a bread loaf from a single process comprising: (a) feeding a farinaceous material comprising wheat flour in amounts ranging from 55% to 90% by weight and containing wheat gluten; flaky crust flour in amounts of 10% to 30% by weight and malted barley flour in amounts 4% to 15% by weight together with 0% to 4% by weight of an edible acid and a gas forming agent other than fermentable gas generators into a cooker extruder, the gas producing in the final product an open spongy texture similar to that observed in a fully baked, yeast leavened, flour based product; (b) adding sufficient water to the extruder to increase the moisture of the farinaceous mixture to an amount ranging from about 20% to 40% by weight of the farinaceous mixture and mixing to form a dough; (c) cooking the dough within the extruder for a time ranging from about 10 to about 20 seconds and at a temperature ranging from 200° F. to 300° F. and pressure ranging from 2.5 psig to 500 psig to develop the gluten into a uniform structure and substantially gelantinize the starch; (d) extruding the cooked dough; (e) tempering the cooked extruded dough to set the final structure and to complete the cook; (f) cutting the dough into small lengths ranging from 0.5 to 24 inches; (g) toasting the cut extruded dough at a temperature ranging from 250° F. to about 1000° F.; (h) separating the toasted, cut, extruded dough into a first part consisting of from 65% to 85% of the extruded dough and a second part consisting of from 15% to 35% of the extruded dough; (i) subjecting the first part to a grinding device to produce particles having a distribution of sizes ranging from 0.5 inches to about 0.0117 inches; (j) subjecting the second part to a humidifying chamber having humidity ranging from 50% to 100% and temperature ranging from 120° F. to 250° F. for a time ranging from 2 minutes to 10 minutes; (k) subjecting the humidified second part to a grinding device to produce particles having a distribution of sizes ranging from 0.5 inches to about 0.0117 inches; (l) recombining the ground first part and the humidified ground second part; (m) drying the recombined first part and second part at temperature ranging from 200° F. to 350° F. for from 2 minutes to 10 minutes to produce a final crumb moisture ranging from 2% to 10%.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 23 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the temperature of the product exiting the extruder ranges from 220° F. to about 290° F.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 22 words
A process according to claim 2 wherein the temperature of the product exiting the extruder ranges from 240° F. to 275° F.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 21 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the moisture of the product exiting the extruder ranges from 18% to about 35%.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 21 words
A process according to claim 4 wherein the moisture of the product exiting the extruder ranges from 20% to about 25%.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 17 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the dough is extruded through a 7/16th inch circular die.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 26 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the work done on the dough within the extruder ranges from 15 to 50 watt hours per pound feed.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 22 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the dough is toasted at a temperature ranging from about 400° F. to 500° F.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 19 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the moisture of the dough at cutting ranges from 17% to 30%.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 28 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the extruded dough of the second part is subjected to a humidifying chamber having a humidity ranging from 70% to 80%.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 30 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the extruded dough of the second part is subjected to a humidifying chamber having a temperature ranging from 150° F. to 220° F.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 23 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the moisture of the humidified dough as it exists the chamber ranges from 15% to 25%.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 23 words
A process according to claim 12 wherein the moisture of the humidified dough as it exits the chamber ranges from 16% to 22%.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 28 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the ground first part and the humidified ground second part are dried to temperatures ranging from 200° F. to 250° F.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 19 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the final crumb moisture exiting the dryer ranges from 4% to 8%.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 17 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the wheat flour ranges from 50% to 80% by weight.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 19 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the flaky crust wheat flour ranges from 10% to 20% by weight.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim 18 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the malted barley flour ranges from 4% to 6% by weight.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim 58 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein said farinaceous material further contains sugar in amounts up to 14% by weight, milk substitute in amounts up to 5% by weight; salt in amounts up to 5% by weight; shortening in amounts up to 5% by weight; and emulsifiers in amounts up to 6% by weight of the farinaceous mixture.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim 20 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the temperature within the extruder ranges from 225° F. to about 275° F.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim 18 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the pressure within the extruder ranges from 2.5 to 200 psig.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim 44 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the edible acid is a member selected from a group consisting of lactic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, gluconic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and mixtures thereof.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim 13 words
A process according to claim 22 wherein the edible acid is lactic acid.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim 23 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the edible acid is present in amounts ranging from 0.1% to 2.0% of the farinaceous mixture.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim 35 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the gas forming agent is a member selected from a group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, solid carbon dioxide and carbonates of other metals and mixtures thereof.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim 14 words
A process according to claim 25 wherein the gas forming agent is sodium bicarbonate.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim 26 words
A process according to claim 1 further comprises the addition of yeast in amounts up to about 1% of the farinaceous mixture as a flavor enhancer.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US4218480A Cited
US4364961A Cited
US4440793A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1989-09-01 1990-03-03 1990-09-02 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1993-09-01 1994-03-03 1994-09-02 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1997-09-01 1998-03-03 1998-09-02 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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