Isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls

Claim 2

An isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl which is a polymer comprising (1) a backbone having (a) the residue of at least one polyahl initiator; (b) the residue of at least one polyisocyanate; (c) a plurality of poly(alkyleneoxy) moieties; (d) a plurality of poly(alkylene carbonate) moieties; and (2) a plurality of active hydrogen end groups, in an amount sufficient to act as reaction sites when the isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls are advanced to higher molecular weights by heating under reduced pressure.

Claim 3

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 wherein the isocyanate is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic polyisocyanate or a combination thereof.

Claim 4

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 2 wherein the isocyanate is selected from the group consisting of toluene diisocyanate, methylene bis(4-phenylisocyanate) and prepolymers of methylene bis(4-phenylisocyanate).

Claim 5

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 wherein the poly(alkyleneoxy) moieties are poly(ethyleneoxy) moieties, poly(propyleneoxy) moieties or combinations thereof.

Claim 6

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 wherein the poly(alkylene carbonate) moieties are poly(ethylene carbonate) moieties, poly(propylene carbonate) moieties, poly(butylene carbonate) moieties or combinations thereof.

Claim 7

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 wherein the weight percent of isocyanate used to make the modified polyahl is from 1 to 25 percent.

Claim 8

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 wherein the number average molecular weight is from 400 to 20,000.

Claim 9

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen end groups are hydroxyl groups.

Claim 10

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 wherein the polyahl is a diahl.

Claim 11

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) diahl of claim 9 wherein the diahl is a diol.

Claim 12

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 which is a random polymer corresponding to the formula ##STR7## wherein R 1 is separately in each occurence an n-valent hydrocarbon radical or hydrocarbon radical which can contain one or more heteroatoms of O,N or S; R 2 is separately in each occurrence hydrogen, halogen, a nitro group, a cyano group, a C 1-20 hydrocarbyl group or a C 1-20 hydrocarbyl group substituted with one or more halo, cyano, nitro, thioalkyl, tert-amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, carbonyldioxyalkyl, carbonyldioxyaryl, carbonyldioxyaralkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, or aralkylsulfonyl group; M is separately in each occurrence the residue of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic polyisocyanate or a combination thereof; X is separately in each occurrence S, O, NH, ##STR8## X' is separately in each occurrence S, O or NH; A is separately in each occurrence ##STR9## combinations thereof or a covalent bond; Q is separately in each occurrence O, S or NH provided that all carbonate moieties are internal; n is separately in each occurrence an integer of from 1 to 25; s is separately in each occurrence an integer of from 1 to 5; x is separately in each occurrence an integer of from 1 to 40; y is separately in each occurence an integer of from 1 to 120; and z is separately in each occurrence an integer of from 0 to 5.

Claim 13

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 11 wherein M is the residue of a polyisocyanate selected from the group consisting of toluene diisocyanate, methylene bis(4-phenylisocyanate), and prepolymers of methylene bis(4-phenylisocyanate), and combinations thereof; X is oxygen; x is separately in each occurrence an integer from 2 to 10; y is separately in each occurrence an integer from 5 to 15; and z is an integer from 0 to 2, provided that the ratio of y to x is from 1:1 to 3:1.

Claim 14

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 12 wherein R 1 is aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon containing one or more oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur moieties; R 2 is hydrogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 1-20 haloalkyl, C 1-20 alkenyl or phenyl; X is S, O or NH; and n is an integer from 1 to 10.

Claim 15

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 13 wherein R 1 is an n-valent alkane or cycloalkane, or an n-valent alkane or cycloalkane containing one or more oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur moieties; R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; X is O; X' is O; n is an integer from 1 to 5; and s is an integer from 1 to 3.

Claim 16

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 14 wherein R 1 is an n-valent C 1-10 alkane or an n-valent C 1-10 alkane substituted with one or more oxygen moieties; R 2 is hydrogen or methyl; and n is 1 or 2.

Claim 17

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 15 wherein R 2 is hydrogen.

Claim 18

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 16 wherein said modifier is selected from the group consisting of diols, triols and polyether polyols containing two or more hydroxy functional groups.

Claim 19

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 11 wherein the weight percent of isocyanate used to make the modified polyahl is from 1 to 25 percent.

Claim 20

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 11 wherein the number average molecular weight is from 400 to 20,000.

Claim 21

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 8 which is a random polymer corresponding to the formula ##STR10## wherein R 3 is R 4 -X' n ; R 2 is separately in each occurrence hydrogen, halogen, a nitro group, a cyano group, a C 1-20 hydrocarbyl group or a C 1-20 hydrocarbyl group substituted with one or more halogen, cyano, nitro, thioalkyl, tert-amino, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, carbonyldioxyalkyl, carbonyldioxyaryl, carbonyldioxyaralkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, or aralkylsulfonyl group; R 3 is separately in each occurrence an n-valent hydrocarbon radical or hydrocarbon radical which contains one or more heteroatoms of O, N or S; M is separately in each occurrence the residue of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic polyisocyanate or a combination thereof; X' is O, S or NH; n is separately in each occurrence an integer of from 1 to 25; p is an integer of 1 or greater; s is separately in each occurrence an integer of 1 to 5; x is 1; y is separately in each occurrence 1 to 40; and z is separately in each occurrence 1 to 100.

Claim 22

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 20 wherein R 2 is hydrogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 1-20 haloalkyl, C 1-20 alkenyl or phenyl; R 3 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon or an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon containing one or more oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen moieties; X' is S, O or NH; n is an integer of 1 to 10, inclusive; p is 1 to 10, inclusive; y is 5 to 20, inclusive; and z is 20 to 50, inclusive.

Claim 23

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 21 wherein R 2 is hydrogen, C 1-3 alkyl, C 2-3 alkenyl or phenyl; R 3 is an n-valent alkane or cycloalkane or an n-valent alkane or cycloalkane containing an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen moiety; M is the residue of a polyisocyanate selected from the group consisting of toluene diisocyanate, methylene bis(4-phenylisocyanate) and prepolymers of methylene bis(4-phenylisocyanate); n is an integer of 1 to 5, inclusive; p is 1 to 5, inclusive; and s is an integer of from 1 to 5, inclusive.

Claim 24

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 22 wherein R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R 3 is an n-valent C 1-10 alkane containing oxygen moieties; and n is 1 or 2.

Claim 25

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 20 wherein the weight percent modifier is from 1 to 25 percent.

Claim 26

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 24 wherein the number average molecular weight is from 400 to 20,000.

Claim 27

An isocyanate-functional prepolymer comprising the reaction product of at least one isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 and at least one organic polyisocyanate; the proportion of said isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl to said polyisocyanate being such that all polyahl moieties are reacted with isocyanate moieties and isocyanate moieties are present in excess.

Claim 28

A urethane/urea polymer comprising the residue of at least one isocyanate-functional prepolymer of claim 26 and the residue of at least one polyahl selected from the group consisting of aromatic, aliphatic, arylaliphatic, alkylaromatic and cycloaliphatic polyamines, polymercaptans and polyfunctional hydroxyl compounds.

Claim 29

A urethane/urea polymer comprising the residue of one or more of the isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls of claim 1 and one or more organic polyisocyanates.

Claim 30

The isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of claim 1 wherein (1) the poly(alkylene carbonate) moieties are present in sufficient amount to provide a sufficient proportion of carbonate moieties to enable the isocyanate-modified polyahl to react under heating at reduced pressure to increase the molecular weight of the isocyanate-modified polyahl; and (2) the poly(alkyleneoxy) moieties are present in sufficient amount to increase the flexibility of polyurethane/urea polymers made from the isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl.