Hydrocarbon fuel composition containing carbonate additive

Claim 2

A composition comprising: (a) a particulate emissions reducing amount of an additive comprising at least two carbonates, a first of said carbonates having the general formula: ##STR3## wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate having the general formula: ##STR4## wherein R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, said dicarbonate being present in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate; and (b) a liquid hydrocarbon fuel heavier than gasoline, said carbonate additive constituting between about 0.1 and about 49.9 weight percent of the total weight of the composition.

Claim 3

The composition of claim 1 wherein the total amount of carbonate additive is from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of the total weight of the composition.

Claim 4

The composition of claim 1 wherein the total amount of carbonate additive is from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of the total weight of the composition.

Claim 5

The composition of claim 1 wherein the volume ratio of dicarbonate to carbonate is between 0.1 and 5.

Claim 6

The composition of claim 1 wherein the volume ratio of dicarbonate to carbonate is between 1 and 3.

Claim 7

The composition of claim 1 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different, substituted or unsubstituted, monovalent alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, nitroalkyl, a cyloxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxy, and 1,3-dioxolane-2-one-4yalkyl radicals comprising from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.

Claim 8

The composition of claim 6 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent radicals selected from the group consisting of monovalent alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl and carbalkoxy radicals comprising from 1 to about 7 carbon atoms.

Claim 9

The composition of claim 7 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are monovalent alkyl radicals.

Claim 10

The composition of claim 1 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of kerosene, jet fuel, heating oil, diesel fuel, light gas oil, heavy gas oil, light cycle gas oil, heavy cycle gas oil, and vacuum gas oil.

Claim 11

The composition of claim 1 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is diesel fuel.

Claim 12

A composition comprising: (a) a middle distillate hydrocarbon fuel; and (b) from about 0.1 to about 49.9 weight percent of a metals-free and non-aromatic carbonate additive based on the weight of the hydrocarbon fuel, said additive comprising at least two carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula: ##STR5## wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate having the general formula: ##STR6## wherein R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, said dicarbonate being present in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate, the composition having the property of releasing fewer particulates upon combustion than would the fuel without the additive.

Claim 13

A composition comprising: (a) a middle distillate hydrocarbon fuel; and (b) from about 0.1 to about 49.9 weight percent of a metals-free and non-aromatic carbonate additive based on the weight of the hydrocarbon fuel, said additive comprising at least two carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula: ##STR5## wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate having the general formula: ##STR6## wherein R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, said dicarbonate being present in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate, the composition having the property of releasing fewer particulates upon combustion than would the fuel without the additive.

Claim 14

The composition of claim 11 wherein R 1 ,R.sup. 2, R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent aliphatic or alicyclic radicals comprising from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.

Claim 15

The composition of claim 12 wherein R 1 ,R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent alkyl radicals comprising from 1 to about 7 carbon atoms.

Claim 16

The composition of claim 13 wherein the total amount of carbonate additive is from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of the total weight of the hydrocarbon fuel and the carbonate additive and the discarbonate is present in an amount between 0.1 to about 5 parts, by volume for each part of carbonate in said additive.

Claim 17

The composition of claim 11 wherein the middle distillate fuel is diesel fuel.

Claim 20

The method of claim 16 wherein the total amount of carbonate additive admixed with the hydrocarbon fuel is in an amount from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of the total weight of the hydrocarbon fuel and carbonate additive, and the dicarbonate is present in an amount between 1 to about 3 parts, for each part of carbonate in said additive.

Claim 21

The method of claim 16 wherein R 1 ,R 2 , RR 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent aliphatic or alicyclic radicals comprising from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.

Claim 22

The method of claim 16 where the first carbonate is dimethyl carbonate and the second carbonate is dimethyl dicarbonate.

Claim 23

The method of claim 16 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is diesel fuel.

Claim 24

A composition comprising: (a) a particulate reducing amount of a metals-free non-aromatic particulate emissions suppression additive consisting essentially of at least two metals-free and non-aromatic carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula: ##STR9## wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate having the general formula: ##STR10## wherein R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms; and (b) a liquid hydrocarbon fuel which, if combusted without said additive, would release a substantial proportion of particulates.

Claim 25

A composition comprising: (a) a particulate reducing amount of a metals-free non-aromatic particulate emissions suppression additive consisting essentially of at least two metals-free and non-aromatic carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula: ##STR9## wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate having the general formula: ##STR10## wherein R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms; and (b) a liquid hydrocarbon fuel which, if combusted without said additive, would release a substantial proportion of particulates.

Claim 26

A composition comprising: (a) between 0.1 and 5 weight percent of a metals-free, non-aromatic particulate emission suppression additive consisting essentially of at least two metals-free and non-aromatic carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula: ##STR11## wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate present in an amount between 0.5 part and 5 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate and having the general formula: ##STR12## wherein R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms; and (b) a liquid diesel fuel, said carbonate additive constituting between about 0.1 and about 49.9 weight percent of the total weight of the composition.

Claim 27

A composition comprising: (a) between 0.1 and 5 weight percent of a metals-free, non-aromatic particulate emission suppression additive consisting essentially of at least two metals-free and non-aromatic carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula: ##STR11## wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate compound being a dicarbonate present in an amount between 0.5 part and 5 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate and having the general formula: ##STR12## wherein R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms; and (b) a liquid diesel fuel, said carbonate additive constituting between about 0.1 and about 49.9 weight percent of the total weight of the composition.

Claim 28

The composition of claim 22 wherein the volume ratio of dicarbonate to carbonate is between 1 and 3.

Claim 29

The composition of claim 22 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent radicals selected from the group consisting of monovalent alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl and carbalkoxy radicals comprising from 1 to about 7 carbon atoms.

Claim 30

The composition of claim 24 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are monovalent alkyl radicals.

Claim 31

The composition of claim 22 where the first carbonate is dimethyl carbonate and the second carbonate is dimethyl dicarbonate.

Claim 32

A concentrate comprising: (a) a mixture comprising at least two carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula: ##STR13## wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate being a dicarbonate having the general formula: ##STR14## wherein R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, said dicarbonate being present in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate; in a concentration of between about 0.1 and about 99.9 weight percent of the concentrate; and (b) a solvent for the carbonates, the solvent being miscible in liquid hydrocarbon fuels heavier than gasoline.

Claim 33

A concentrate comprising: (a) a mixture comprising at least two carbonates, the first of said carbonates having the general formula: ##STR13## wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with the second carbonate being a dicarbonate having the general formula: ##STR14## wherein R 3 and R 4 are the same or different monovalent non-aromatic organic radicals with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, said dicarbonate being present in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts, by volume, for each part of said first carbonate; in a concentration of between about 0.1 and about 99.9 weight percent of the concentrate; and (b) a solvent for the carbonates, the solvent being miscible in liquid hydrocarbon fuels heavier than gasoline.

Claim 34

The concentrate of claim 27 wherein the concentration of the carbonates is between about 10 and 50 weight percent thereof.

Claim 35

The concentrate of claim 27 wherein the carbonates are metals-free and non-aromatic.