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US4912059A
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Phase sensitive differential polarimetry technique and apparatus
Assignee: Johns Hopkins University
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Filing: 1988-10-21
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Granted: 1990-03-27
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Expires: 2008-10-21
Abstract
Abstract A differential polarimeter is disclosed for detecting changes in optical rotation between a test cell and reference cell. The test cell contains a fluid sample exposed to an analyte specific enzyme; the reference cell contains a fluid sample not exposed to the enzyme. To enhance the sensitivity of the system a phase sensitive differential polarimetric technique is taught. In this technique, the phase difference between two resulting sinewave voltages is a measure of analyte concentration.
Inventors
- 👤 Arnold L. Newman
- 👤 William D. Stanbro
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 20:57
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01J; G01J4/00; G01J4/04; G01N; G01N21/00; G01N21/17; G01N21/21; G01N2021/1748; G01N2021/1751; G01N21/75; G01N2021/755
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
118 words
A device for detecting the presence of an analyte in a fluid comprising: an enzyme adapted to react with the analyte changing the optical rotation of the analyte; means forming a first beam of polarized light directed to a test cell containing a sample of the fluid that has been exposed to said enzyme; means forming a second beam of polarized light directed through a reference cell containing a sample of the fluid which has not been exposed to said enzyme; and, a differential analyzing means for comparing the relative optical rotation of said first and second beams after they pass through said test and reference cells respectively, thereby indicating the concentration of the analyte in the fluid.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
118 words
A device for detecting the presence of an analyte in a fluid comprising: an enzyme adapted to react with the analyte changing the optical rotation of the analyte; means forming a first beam of polarized light directed to a test cell containing a sample of the fluid that has been exposed to said enzyme; means forming a second beam of polarized light directed through a reference cell containing a sample of the fluid which has not been exposed to said enzyme; and, a differential analyzing means for comparing the relative optical rotation of said first and second beams after they pass through said test and reference cells respectively, thereby indicating the concentration of the analyte in the fluid.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
The device of claim 1, wherein said test and reference cells each have an inlet and outlet, so that a sample of the fluid can flow into and out of each cell.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
The device of claim 2, further comprising a filter placed at the inlet to said test cell to remove particulates.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
The device of claim 2, further comprising a filter placed at the inlet to said test cell, said enzyme being immobilized on said filter.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
The device of claim 1, wherein said enzyme is immobilized on a surface in said test cell.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
61 words
The device of claim 1, wherein said differential analyzing means further comprises: a first polarizer and a first detector means for generating an electrical signal proportional to the first beam after passing through said test cell; and, a second polarizer and a second detector means for generating an electrical signal proportional to the second beam after passing through said test cell.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
70 words
The device of claim 6, further comprising: a means for rotating the plane of polarization in said first and second polarizer in an essentially synchronous manner; and, a phase detector electrically coupled to said first and second detector means for detecting the phase shift between the electrical signals generated by said first and second detector means, wherein the phase shift is indicative of the concentration of analyte in the fluid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
70 words
The device of claim 1, further comprising: a rotation means for rotating the plane of polarization of said first and second beam of polarized light, prior to those beams entering the test and reference cell, respectively, in an essentially synchronize manner; and wherein said differential analyzing means includes a means to analyze the phase difference between said first and second beams after they pass through said test and reference cells.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
179 words
A device for detecting the presence of an analyte in a fluid comprising: an enzyme adapted to react with the analyte changing the optical rotation of the analyte; means forming a first beam of polarized light directed through a test cell containing a sample of the fluid that has been exposed to said enzyme; means forming a second beam of polarized light directed through a reference cell containing a sample of the fluid that has not been exposed to said enzyme; a rotational means for passing the first and second beams through respective first and second essentially synchronous rotating polarization planes; a first detection means for detecting the amplitude of the first beam that passes through the rotational means, thereby providing a sinusoidal voltage V 1 ; a second detection means for detecting the amplitude of the 2nd beam that passes through the rotational means, that produces a sinusoidal voltage V 2 ; a phase detector means for detecting the phase difference between sinusoidal voltage V 1 and V 2 , the phase difference is indicative of analyte concentration.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
179 words
A device for detecting the presence of an analyte in a fluid comprising: an enzyme adapted to react with the analyte changing the optical rotation of the analyte; means forming a first beam of polarized light directed through a test cell containing a sample of the fluid that has been exposed to said enzyme; means forming a second beam of polarized light directed through a reference cell containing a sample of the fluid that has not been exposed to said enzyme; a rotational means for passing the first and second beams through respective first and second essentially synchronous rotating polarization planes; a first detection means for detecting the amplitude of the first beam that passes through the rotational means, thereby providing a sinusoidal voltage V 1 ; a second detection means for detecting the amplitude of the 2nd beam that passes through the rotational means, that produces a sinusoidal voltage V 2 ; a phase detector means for detecting the phase difference between sinusoidal voltage V 1 and V 2 , the phase difference is indicative of analyte concentration.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said test and reference cells each have inlet and outlet, so that a sample of the fluid can flow into and out of each cell.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
58 words
The device of claim 10, wherein said rotational means further comprises: a first polarizer optically coupled to the first beam after it passes through said test cell; a second polarizer optically coupled to said second beam after it passes through said reference cell; and, a means for rotating said first and second polarizers in an essentially synchronous manner.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
149 words
A device for detecting the presence of an analyte in the fluid comprising: an enzyme adapted to react with the analyte changing the optically rotation of the analyte; a test cell containing a sample of the fluid which is exposed to said enzyme; a reference cell containing a sample of the fluid which has not been exposed to said enzyme; a means for generating a first and second beam of polarized light adapted to pass through said first and second cell, respectively, wherein said first and second beam of polarized light each have a plane of polarization that is rotated in an essentially synchronize manner; and, a differential analyzing means optically coupled to the first and second beams after they pass through said test and reference cells, respectively, for comparing the relative phase shift between said first and second beams, thereby indicating the concentration of analyte in the fluid.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
149 words
A device for detecting the presence of an analyte in the fluid comprising: an enzyme adapted to react with the analyte changing the optically rotation of the analyte; a test cell containing a sample of the fluid which is exposed to said enzyme; a reference cell containing a sample of the fluid which has not been exposed to said enzyme; a means for generating a first and second beam of polarized light adapted to pass through said first and second cell, respectively, wherein said first and second beam of polarized light each have a plane of polarization that is rotated in an essentially synchronize manner; and, a differential analyzing means optically coupled to the first and second beams after they pass through said test and reference cells, respectively, for comparing the relative phase shift between said first and second beams, thereby indicating the concentration of analyte in the fluid.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3856408A
Cited
JPH02167447A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-03-26 | 1993-09-25 | 1994-03-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-03-26 | 1997-09-25 | 1998-03-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-03-26 | 2001-09-25 | 2002-03-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |