Liquid crystal display element and a projection type liquid crystal display apparatus

Claim 2

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and the elastic constant K33 (10 -12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η) 0 .5 >R>(K33/Δε LC ) 0 .5.

Claim 3

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and the elastic constant K33 (10 -12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η) 0 .5 >R>(K33/Δε LC ) 0 .5.

Claim 4

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and the elastic constant K33 (10 -12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η) 0 .5 >R>(K33/Δε LC ) 0 .5.

Claim 5

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of · R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 6

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of · R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 7

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of · R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 8

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of · R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 9

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of · R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 10

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of · R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 11

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 12

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 13

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 14

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 15

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 16

A gray scale liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 17

The gray scale liquid crystal display element of any one of claims 1-8 wherein said solidified matrix is formed by evaporating solvent or water and curing a curable compound.

Claim 18

The gray scale liquid crystal display element of any one of claims 1-8 wherein said solidified matrix is formed by curing a photo-curable or heat-curable compound.

Claim 19

The gray scale liquid crystal display element of any one of claims 1-8 wherein said solidified matrix is a polymer matrix formed by curing a photo-curable acryl compound.

Claim 20

The gray scale liquid crystal display element of any one of claims 1-8 wherein said solidified matrix is a polymer matrix formed by curing a photo-curable acryl compound containing acrylate oligomer.

Claim 21

The gray scale liquid crystal display element of any one of claims 1-8 wherein Δε LC ≦11.6 and Δn≦0.24 and said solidified matrix is a polymer matrix formed by curing a curable compound.

Claim 22

The gray scale liquid crystal display element of any one of claims 1-8 wherein said long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random in a three-dimensional manner.

Claim 23

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and the elastic constant K33 (10 -12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η) 0 .5 >R>(K33/Δε LC ) 0 .5.

Claim 24

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and the elastic constant K33 (10 -12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η) 0 .5 >R>(K33/Δε LC ) 0 .5.

Claim 25

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and the elastic constant K33 (10 -12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η) 0 .5 >R>(K33/Δε LC ) 0 .5.

Claim 26

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and the elastic constant K33 (10 -12 N) of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 4(K33/η) 0 .5 >R>(K33/Δε LC ) 0 .5.

Claim 27

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of 3·R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 28

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of 3·R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 29

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of 3·R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 30

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of 3·R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 31

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of · R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 32

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the average particle diameter R (μm) of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material satisfies the relationship of 0.2<R·Δn<0.7, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and the electrode substrate gap d (μm) and the maximum effective voltage V applied to said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite satisfies the relationship of · R<d<9·R and 0.6R·V<d<1.6R·V.

Claim 33

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 34

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 35

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 36

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the dielectric constant ε M of said liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, satisfies the relationship of Δε LC <1.45 ε M , and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 37

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 38

A projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus comprising in combination a projection light source, a projection optical system and a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite material, disposed between said pair of substrates, which includes a nematic liquid crystal dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, said nematic liquid crystal being such that the refractive index of said liquid crystal is changed depending on states of applying a voltage wherein in one state the refractive index of said liquid crystal substantially coincides with that of said solidified matrix to thereby pass light, and in another state the former does not coincide with the latter to thereby cause the scattering of light, characterized in that the refractive index anisotropy Δn of said liquid crystal used is 0.20≦Δn, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε LC of said liquid crystal used satisfies the relationship of 5<Δε LC <13, and the viscosity η (cSt) of said liquid crystal satisfies the relationship of Δn 2 /η>0.0014, and said liquid crystal dispersed and held in said solidified matrix is in the shape of an ellipse rotated about a long axis, wherein the long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random, with respect to a line normal to an electrode surface.

Claim 39

The projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus of any one of claims 15-22 wherein three liquid crystal display elements are arranged, and said projection light source comprises a light source and a dichroic means as a color-splitting optical system; said projection optical system comprises a dichroic means as a color-synthesizing optical system and a projection lens; whereby light is split into three kinds of color, R, G, and B, each color light being passed through each liquid crystal display element, being subjected to color synthesis and the synthesized light being projected through said projection lens.

Claim 40

The projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus of any one of claims 15-22 wherein an aperture for reducing diffusion light is disposed between said liquid crystal display element and said projection optical system, or in said projection optical system.

Claim 41

The projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus of any one of claims 15-22 wherein three liquid crystal display elements for splitting light into three kinds of color, R, G, and B light are arranged and electrode substrate gaps d R , d G , and d B of the respective liquid crystal display elements have the relationship d.sub.R >d.sub.G >d.sub.B or an average liquid crystal particle diameter R R , R G , and R B of the respective liquid crystal display elements have the relationship R.sub.R >R.sub.G >R.sub.B.

Claim 42

The projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus of any one of claims 20-22 wherein said long axes of said liquid crystal particles are arranged at random in a three-dimensional manner.

Claim 43

The projection type gray scale liquid crystal display apparatus of any one of claims 15-22 wherein said liquid crystal display element is applied in a reflection type display.