US5710011A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Mediators to oxidoreductase enzymes
Assignee: Medisense Inc
•
Filing: 1995-03-06
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Granted: 1998-01-20
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Expires: 2015-03-06
Abstract
Abstract Half-sandwich complexes of transition metals having a single π-ligand with delocalised π bonding are of use in mediating electron transfer between an electrode and a redox protein, for example an oxidoreductase enzyme such as in an amperometric enzyme sensor. Suitable compounds include complexes of the general formula: (π-ligand)M(not-π-ligand).sub.n wherein the complex is charged or neutral, π-ligand represents the single π-bonded ligand, M represents the transition metal atom, n is the number of ligands which are not π-ligands, and the n not-π-ligands are the same or different, are univalent or multivalent, and serve to satisfy the valency of the transitional metal M.
Inventors
- 👤 Nigel Forrow
- 👤 Stephen Walters
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 10:02
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/26; C12Q1/001; C12Q1/004; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817; Y10S436/00; Y10S436/801
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 40
Claim 1
Independent Claim
106 words
A process of mediating electron transfer between an electrode and an oxidoreductase enzyme or other electron transfer redox protein using a mediator compound, wherein said mediator compound is a half-sandwich complex of a transition metal, said complex having only a single π-ligand with delocalised π bonding and having the general formula: (π-ligand)M(not-π-ligand).sub.n wherein the complex may be charged or neutral, π-ligand represents the single π-bonded ligand, M represents the transition metal atom, n is the number of ligands which are not π-ligands, and the n not-π-ligands are the same or different, are univalent or multivalent, and serve to satisfy the valency of the transition metal M.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
106 words
A process of mediating electron transfer between an electrode and an oxidoreductase enzyme or other electron transfer redox protein using a mediator compound, wherein said mediator compound is a half-sandwich complex of a transition metal, said complex having only a single π-ligand with delocalised π bonding and having the general formula: (π-ligand)M(not-π-ligand).sub.n wherein the complex may be charged or neutral, π-ligand represents the single π-bonded ligand, M represents the transition metal atom, n is the number of ligands which are not π-ligands, and the n not-π-ligands are the same or different, are univalent or multivalent, and serve to satisfy the valency of the transition metal M.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the π-ligand is selected from the group consisting of an allyl group, a cyclopropenyl group, a cyclobutadiene group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a benzene group, a cycloheptatrienyl group or a trimethylenemethane group.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the π-ligand has 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, amino and substituted amino groups, aminoalkyl and substituted aminoalkyl groups, a carboxylic acid group; and a sulphonic acid group.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the transition metal M is iron, manganese or chromium.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 1, wherein each not-π-ligand is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, phosphine, isocyanide, nitrosyl, bipyridine, phenanthroline and dithiolate groups.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the transition metal half-sandwich compound is employed as an inclusion complex in β-cyclodextrin.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
99 words
An amperometric enzyme sensor for an analyte, which sensor employs a transition metal half-sandwich compound as the mediator, said half-sandwich transition metal half-sandwich compound including a transition metal complexed to only a single π ligand with delocalized π bonding and having the general formula: (π-ligand)M(not-π-ligand).sub.n wherein the complex may be charged or neutral, π-ligand represents the single-π-bonded ligand, M represents the transition metal atom, n is the number of ligands which are not π ligands, and the n not-π-ligands are the same or different, are univalent or multivalent, and serve to satisfy the valency of the transition metal M.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
99 words
An amperometric enzyme sensor for an analyte, which sensor employs a transition metal half-sandwich compound as the mediator, said half-sandwich transition metal half-sandwich compound including a transition metal complexed to only a single π ligand with delocalized π bonding and having the general formula: (π-ligand)M(not-π-ligand).sub.n wherein the complex may be charged or neutral, π-ligand represents the single-π-bonded ligand, M represents the transition metal atom, n is the number of ligands which are not π ligands, and the n not-π-ligands are the same or different, are univalent or multivalent, and serve to satisfy the valency of the transition metal M.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
124 words
A disposable dry strip test element for an amperometric enzyme sensor, said disposable test element carrying a working electrode, test reagents comprising at least an oxidoreductase enzyme and a half-sandwich complex of a transition metal as the mediator for generation of a current indicative of the level of analyte, and a reference electrode, said complex having a single π ligand with delocalized π bonding and having the general formula: (π-ligand)M(not-π-ligand).sub.n wherein the complex may be charged or neutral, π-ligand represents the single-π-bonded ligand, M represents the transition metal atom, n is the number of ligands which are not π ligands, and the n not-π-ligands are the same or different, are univalent or multivalent, and serve to satisfy the valency of the transition metal M.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
124 words
A disposable dry strip test element for an amperometric enzyme sensor, said disposable test element carrying a working electrode, test reagents comprising at least an oxidoreductase enzyme and a half-sandwich complex of a transition metal as the mediator for generation of a current indicative of the level of analyte, and a reference electrode, said complex having a single π ligand with delocalized π bonding and having the general formula: (π-ligand)M(not-π-ligand).sub.n wherein the complex may be charged or neutral, π-ligand represents the single-π-bonded ligand, M represents the transition metal atom, n is the number of ligands which are not π ligands, and the n not-π-ligands are the same or different, are univalent or multivalent, and serve to satisfy the valency of the transition metal M.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
89 words
An electrically conductive printing ink which includes a half-sandwich complex of a transition metal as the mediator, said half-sandwich complex having a single π ligand with delocalized π bonding and having the general formula: (π-ligand)M(not-π-ligand).sub.n wherein the complex may be charged or neutral, π-ligand represents the single-π-bonded ligand, M represents the transition metal atom, n is the number of ligands which are not π ligands, and the n not-π-ligands are the same or different, are univalent or multivalent, and serve to satisfy the valency of the transitional metal M.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
89 words
An electrically conductive printing ink which includes a half-sandwich complex of a transition metal as the mediator, said half-sandwich complex having a single π ligand with delocalized π bonding and having the general formula: (π-ligand)M(not-π-ligand).sub.n wherein the complex may be charged or neutral, π-ligand represents the single-π-bonded ligand, M represents the transition metal atom, n is the number of ligands which are not π ligands, and the n not-π-ligands are the same or different, are univalent or multivalent, and serve to satisfy the valency of the transitional metal M.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
39 words
The amperometric enzyme sensor of claim 7, wherein the π-ligand is selected from the group consisting of an allyl group, a cyclopropenyl group, a cyclobutadiene group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a benzene group, a cycloheptatrienyl group or a trimethylenemethane group.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
44 words
The amperometric enzyme sensor of claim 7, wherein the π-ligand has 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, amino and substituted amino groups, aminoalkyl and substituted aminoalkyl groups, a carboxylic acid group; and a sulphonic acid group.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
The amperometric enzyme sensor of claim 7, wherein the transition metal M is iron, manganese or chromium.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
The amperometric enzyme sensor of claim 7, wherein each not-π-ligand is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, phosphine, isocyanide, nitrosyl, bipyridine, phenanthroline and dithiolate groups.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
The amperometric enzyme sensor of claim 7, wherein the transition metal half-sandwich complex is employed as an inclusion complex in β-cyclodextrin.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
40 words
The dry strip test element of claim 8, wherein the π-ligand is selected from the group consisting of an allyl group, a cyclopropenyl group, a cyclobutadiene group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a benzene group, a cycloheptatrienyl group or a trimethylenemethane group.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
45 words
The dry strip test element of claim 8, wherein the π-ligand has 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, amino and substituted amino groups, aminoalkyl and substituted aminoalkyl groups, a carboxylic acid group; and a sulphonic acid group.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
The dry strip test element of claim 8, wherein the transition metal M is iron, manganese or chromium.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
27 words
The dry strip test element of claim 8, wherein each not-π-ligand is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, phosphine, isocyanide, nitrosyl, bipyridine, phenanthroline and dithiolate groups.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
22 words
The dry strip test element of claim 8, wherein the transition metal half-sandwich compound is employed as an inclusion complex in β-cyclodextrin.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
40 words
The electrically conductive printing ink of claim 9, wherein the π-ligand is selected from the group consisting of an allyl group, a cyclopropenyl group, a cyclobutadiene group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a benzene group, a cycloheptatrienyl group or a trimethylenemethane group.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
45 words
The electrically conductive printing ink of claim 9, wherein the π-ligand has 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, amino and substituted amino groups, aminoalkyl and substituted aminoalkyl groups, a carboxylic acid group, and a sulfonic acid group.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrically conductive printing ink of claim 9, wherein the transition metal M is iron, manganese or chromium.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrically conductive printing ink of claim 9, wherein each not-π-ligand is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, phosphine, isocyanide, nitrosyl, bipyridine, phenanthroline and dithiolate groups.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
22 words
The electrically conductive printing ink of claim 9, wherein the transition metal half-sandwich compound is employed as an inclusion complex in β-cyclodextrin.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrically conductive printing ink of claim 9, wherein the transition metal M is iron.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrically conductive printing ink of claim 9, wherein the transition metal M is manganese.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrically conductive printing ink of claim 9, wherein the transition metal M is chromium.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the transition metal M is iron.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the transition metal M is manganese.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the transition metal M is chromium.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
14 words
The amperometric enzyme sensor of claim 7, wherein the transition metal M is iron.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
14 words
The amperometric enzyme sensor of claim 7, wherein the transition metal M is manganese.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
14 words
The amperometric enzyme sensor of claim 7, wherein the transition metal M is chromium.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
14 words
The dry test strip of claim 8, wherein the transition metal M is iron.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
14 words
The dry test strip of claim 8, wherein the transition metal M is manganese.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
14 words
The dry test strip of claim 8, wherein the transition metal M is chromium.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2001-01-19 | 2001-07-21 | 2002-01-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2005-01-19 | 2005-07-21 | 2006-01-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-07-21 | 2010-01-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |