US6316153B1
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Free-form fabricaton using multi-photon excitation
Assignee: University of Connecticut
•
Filing: 1999-04-21
•
Granted: 2001-11-13
•
Expires: 2019-04-21
Abstract
Abstract A method wherein small, two- or three- dimensional structures are formed by multiple-photon-absorbed photopolymerization and/or cross-linking of a precursor composition. Use of multi-photon excitation allows fabrication of structures and structural features having at least one dimension of less than about one micron, preferably less than about 500 nm, more preferably less than about 250 nm, and most preferably of less than about 100 nm, in bulk phase as well as in solution, and from a wide variety of organic and inorganic precursor subunits, including synthetic polymers and biological polymers such as proteins, lipids, oligonucleotides, and the like. In one embodiment, use of two-photon far field optics allows the formation of structures having X-Y dimensions of less than about 300 mn and a Z dimension of less than about 500 nm, while use of three-photon far field optics allows the formation of structures having X-Y dimensions of less than about 250 mn and a Z dimension of less than about 300 nm. In a particularly preferred embodiment, use of a 4 pi optical configuration in combination with two-photon far field excitation allows the formation of structures having X-Y dimensions of less than about 150 nm and a Z dimension of less than about 100 mn. In another embodiment, use of multi-photon near field optics results in the formation of structures having X, Y, and Z dimensions of less than about 50 nm. In this embodiment, near field fabrication is achieved by two-photon excitation through fiber probes.
Inventors
- 👤 Steven L. Goodman
- 👤 Paul Campagnola
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 18:19
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61L; A61L27/00; A61L27/36; A61L27/38; G; G03; G03G; G03G5/00; A61K; A61K47/00; A61K47/50; A61K47/69; A61K47/6903; A61K47/6921; A61K47/6927; A61K9/00; A61K9/0087; A61K9/0097; A61L27/3683; A61L27/50; B; B33; B33Y; B33Y10/00; B33Y30/00; C; C07; C07K; C07K14/00; C07K14/435; C07K14/745; C07K14/75; C07K14/76; C07K14/765; C07K17/00; C07K17/02; C07K17/04; C12; C12N; C12N11/00; C12N11/02; C12N11/04; G02; G02B; G02B21/00; G02B21/32; G03F; G03F7/00; G03F7/0037; G03F7/004; G03F7/027; G03F7/028; G03F7/029; G03F7/038; G03F7/20; G03F7/2051; G03F7/2053; A61L2400/00; A61L2400/12; A61L2400/18; G01; G01Q; G01Q80/00; G03F7/2022
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 103
Claim 1
Independent Claim
62 words
A method for the fabrication of a small structure, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of the small structure, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
62 words
A method for the fabrication of a small structure, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of the small structure, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first portion has a dimension in the Z direction of less than about 500 nanometers.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one portion has dimensions in the X-Y direction of less than about 250 nanometers.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one first portion has a dimension in the Z direction in the range of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one portion has a dimension in the Z direction of less than about 100 nanometers.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X, Y, and Z directions of less than about 50 nanometers.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
83 words
The method of claims 1 , wherein the photoactivatable precursor composition comprises photoactivatable precursors selected from the group consisting of photopolymerizable organic monomers, photopolymerizable inorganic monomers, cross-linkers, monomers having at least one olefinic bond, oligomers having at least one olefinic bond, polymers having at least one olefinic bond, olefins, halogenated olefins, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, bisacrylamides, styrenes, epoxides, cyclohexeneoxide, amino acids, peptides, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, synthetic nucleotide analogues, nucleic acids, sugars, carbohydrates, cytokines, hormones, receptors, growth factors, drugs, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 7 , wherein the photoactivatable precursor composition comprises photoactivatable precursors selected from the group consisting of proteins, fibrinogen, bovine serum albumin, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and polyurethane precursors.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 7 , wherein the precursor is a protein.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 7 , wherein the precursor composition further comprises a photoinitiator.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
98 words
The method of claim 10 , wherein the photoinitiatot is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, azobisisobutyronitrile, peroxides, benzoyl peroxide, aliphatic ketones and diketones, aromatic diketones, benzophenone, 9-fluorenone 2-carboxylic acid, ion pairs, the ion pair Fe 3+ OH − , the ion pair Pb 2+ Cl − ), photosensitive dyes, eosin, rose Bengal, erydirosin, photosensitive transition metal derivatives, and Mn 2 (CO) 10 in the presence of organic halides, triarylsulfonium salts with complex metal halide anions, diaryliodonium salts with complex metal halide anions, mixed arene cyclopentadienyl metal salts of complex metal halide anions, and (6-benzene)(5-cyclopentadienyl)Fe(II) hexafluorophosphate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein activation is in bulk, in solution, adsorbed to a substrate, in suspension, or an emulsion.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein activation is by two-photon, three-photon, or four-photon excitation.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein activation results in polymerization or cross-lining of the precursor composition.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein the first portion is fabrication from a first precursor composition and a second portion is fabricated from a second precursor composition.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein the first portion is fabricated at a first wavelength, and a second portion is fabricated at a second wavelength.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
59 words
A method for the fabrication of a small structure, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of the small structure, wherein the point volume of the first portion has dimensions of less than about 1 micron.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
59 words
A method for the fabrication of a small structure, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of the small structure, wherein the point volume of the first portion has dimensions of less than about 1 micron.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein the point volume of the first portion has at least one dimension of less than about 500 nm.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein the point volume of the first portion has at least one dimension of less than about 250 nm.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein the point volume of the first portion has at least one dimension of less than about 100 nm.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein the point volume of the first portion has at least one dimension of less than about 50 nm.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
83 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein the photoactivatable precursor composition comprises photoactivatable precursors selected from the group consisting of photopolymerizable organic monomers, photopolymerizable inorganic monomers, cross-linkers, monomers having at least one olefinic bond, oligomers having at least one olefinic bond, polymers having at least one olefinic bond, olefins, halogenated olefins, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, bisacrylamides, styrenes, epoxides, cyclohexeneoxide, amino acids, peptides, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, synthetic nucleotide analogues, nucleic acids, sugars, carbohydrates, cytokines, hormones, receptors, growth factors, drugs, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 22 , wherein the photoactivatable precursor composition comprises photoactivatable precursors selected from the group consisting of proteins, fibrinogen, bovine serum albumin, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and polyurethane precursors.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 22 , wherein the precursor is a protein.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 22 , wherein the precursor composition further comprises a photoinitiator.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
98 words
The method of claim 25 , wherein the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, azobisisobutyronitrile, peroxides, benzoyl peroxide, aliphatic ketones and diketones, aromatic diketones, benzophenone, 9-fluorenone 2-carboxylic acid, ion pairs, the ion pair Fe 3+ OH − , the ion pair Pb 2+ Cl − , photosensitive dyes, eosin, rose Bengal, erythrosin, photosensitive transition metal derivatives, and Mn 2 (CO) 10 in the presence of organic halides, triarylsulfonium salts with complex metal halide anions, diatyliodonium salts with complex metal halide anions, mixed arene cyclopentadienyl metal salts of complex metal halide anions, and (6-benzene)(5-cyclopentadienyl)Fe(II) hexafluorophosphate.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein activation is in bulk, in solution, adsorbed to a substrate, in suspension, or an emulsion.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein activation is by two-photon, three-photon, or four-photon excitation.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein activation results in polymerization or cross-linking of the precursor composition.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein the first portion is fabrication from a first precursor composition and a second portion is fabricated from a second precursor composition.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 17 , wherein the first portion is fabricated at a first wavelength, and a second poon is fabricated at a second wavelength.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
80 words
A method for entrapping an agent within a construct, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition comprising at least one construct precursor and at least one agent; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of the construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, wherein the agent is entrapped within the construct.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
80 words
A method for entrapping an agent within a construct, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition comprising at least one construct precursor and at least one agent; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of the construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, wherein the agent is entrapped within the construct.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 32 , wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of growth factors, nucleotides, ions, buffering agents, dyes, proteins, peptides, enzymes, carbohydrates, glycosaminoglycans, nucleotides, liposomes, cells, drugs, and combinations thereof.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
22 words
The method of 32 , wherein the construct has controlled release properties, controlled degradation properties, controlled diffisivity properties, or a combination thereof.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
22 words
The method of 32 , wherein the construct has controlled release properties, controlled degradation properties, controlled diffisivity properties, or a combination thereof.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method of claim 34 , wherein diffusion or release properties are controlled by control of the affinity of the agent for the construct, the degree of crosslink density of the construct, the rate of degradation of the construct, the composition of the construct, or a combination thereof.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 35 , wherein control of the degree of affinity of the agent for the construct is by appropriate selection of backbone and/or crosslink compositions.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 35 , wherein control of the cross-link or polymerization density is by varying illumination time, intensity (photon energy density), constructs spatial dimensions, addition of overlayers without entrapped reagents, by three-dimensional patterning, or by combinations thereof.
Claim 42
Independent Claim
25 words
The method of 32 , wherein the at least one first portion has a dimension in the Z direction of less than about 500 nanometers.
Claim 43
Independent Claim
25 words
The method of 32 , wherein the at least one first portion has a dimension in the Z direction of less than about 500 nanometers.
Claim 44
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of 32 , wherein the at least one portion has dimensions in the X-Y direction of less than about 250 nanometers.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of 32 , wherein the at least one portion has dimensions in the X-Y direction of less than about 250 nanometers.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 39 , wherein the at least one first portion has a dimension in the Z direction in the range of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 39 , wherein the at least one portion has a dimension in the Z direction of less than about 100 nanometers.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 32 , wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X, Y, and Z directions of less than about 50 nanometers.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
83 words
The method of claim 32 , wherein the photoactivatable precursor composition comprises photoactivatable precursors selected from the group consisting of photopolymerizable organic monomers, photopolymerizable inorganic monomers, crosslinkers, monomers having at least one olefinic bond, oligomers having at least one olefinic bond, polymers having at least one olefinic bond, olefins, halogenated olefins, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, bisacrylamides, styrenes, epoxides, cyclohexeneoxide, amino acids, peptides, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, synthetic nucleotide analogues, nucleic acids, sugars, carbohydrates, cytokines, hormones, receptors, growth factors, drugs, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 43 , wherein the photoactivatable precursor composition comprises photoactivatable precursors selected from the group consisting of proteins, fibrinogen, bovine serun albumin, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and polyurethane precursors.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 43 , twherein the precursor is a protein.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 43 , wherein the precursor composition further comprises a photoinitiator.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
98 words
The method of claim 46 , wherein the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, azobisisobutyronitrile, peroxides, benzoyl peroxide, aliphatic ketones and diketones, aromatic diketones, benzophenone, 9-fluorenone 2-carboxylic acid, ion pairs, the ion pair Fe 3+ OH − , the ion pair Pb 2+ Cl − ), photosensitive dyes, eosin, rose Bengal, erytlirosin, photosensitive transition metal derivatives, and Mn 2 (CO) 10 in the presence of organic halides, triarylsulfonium salts with complex metal halide anions, diaryliodonium salts with complex metal halide anions, mixed arene cyclopentadienyl metal salts of complex metal halide anions, and (6-benzene)(5-cyclopentadienyl)Fe(II) hexafluorophosphate.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 32 , wherein activation is in bulk, in solution, adsorbed to a substrate, in suspension, or an emulsion.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 32 , wherein activation is by two-photon, three-photon, or four-photon excitation.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 32 , wherein activation results in polymerization or cross-linking of the precursor composition.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 32 , wherein the first portion is fabrication from a first precursor composition and a second portion is fabricated from a second precursor composition.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 32 , wherein the first portion is fabricated at a first wavelength, and a second portion is fabricated at a second wavelenght.
Claim 59
Independent Claim
75 words
A method for entrapping an agent within a construct, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of the construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers; forming the remainder of the construct; and entrapping the agent within the formed construct.
Claim 60
Independent Claim
75 words
A method for entrapping an agent within a construct, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of the construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers; forming the remainder of the construct; and entrapping the agent within the formed construct.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of growth factors, nucleotides, ions, buffering agents, dyes, proteins, peptides, enzymes, carbohydrates, glycosaminoglycans, nucleotides, liposomes, cells, drugs, and combinations thereof.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
170 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of entrapped enzymes that continuously act on molecules which diffuse into the gel or construct before the molecules diffulse out of the gel or construct; enzymes, chelators, or other molecules which act on molecules which diffuse into the gel, and through this action become unable to leave the gel or construct; motile proteins, peptides, or non-biochemical structures which cause the fabricated construct to wiggle, change shape, or change its diffusion properties when specific molecules, ions, or others agents diffuise into the gel; photodynamic molecules which change color, refraction, diffusion, transport, shape, or other physical properties or biochemical activities when illuminated at certain wavelengths, polarizations, or other states of light; entrapped chemoactive molecules which change color, refraction, diffusion, transport or other physical and/or biochemical properties due to the activity of chemical agents which diffuise into a gel or other construct such as ions, pH, and biomolecules; proteins for nano-Ochterlony-like immunodiffuision assays; living cells; or combinations thereof.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 55 , wherein the proteins or cells are entrapped by encapsulation, covalent cross-linking with the construct, or a combination thereof.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein the at least one first portion has a dimension in the Z direction of less than about 500 nanometers.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein the at least one portion has dimensions in the X-Y direction of less than about 250 nanometers.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 58 , wherein the at least one first portion has a dimension in the Z direction in the range of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 58 , wherein the at least one portion has a dimension in the Z direction of less than about 100 nanometers.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X, Y, and Z directions of less than about 50 nanometers.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
83 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein the photoactivatable precursor composition comprises photoactivatable precursors selected from the group consisting of photopolymerizable organic monomers, photopolymerizable inorganic monomers, cross-linkers, monomers having at least one olefinic bond, oligomers having at least one olefinic bond, polymers having at least one olefinic bond, olefins, halogenated olefins, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, bisacrylamides, styrenes, epoxides, cyclohexeneoxide, amino acids, peptides, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, synthetic nucleotide analogues, nucleic acids, sugars, carbohydrates, cytokines, hormones, receptors, growth factors, drugs, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 62 , wherein the photoactivatable precursor composition comprises photoactivatable precursors selected from the group consisting of proteins, fibrinogen, bovine serum albumin, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and polyurethane precursors.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 62 , wherein the precursor is a protein.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 62 , wherein the precursor composition further comprises a photoinitiator.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
98 words
The method of claim 65 , wherein the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, azobisisobutyronitrile, peroxides, benzoyl peroxide, aliphatic ketones and diketones, aromatic diketones, benzophenone, 9-fluorenone 2-carboxylic acid, ion pairs, the ion pair Fe 3+ OH − , the ion pair Pb 2+ Cl − ), photosensitive dyes, eosin, rose Bengal, erythrosin, photosensitive transition metal derivatives, and Mn 2 (CO) 10 in the presence of organic halides, triarylsulfonium salts with complex metal halide anions, diaryliodonium salts with complex metal halide anions, mixed arene cyclopentadienyl metal salts of complex metal halide anions, and (6-benzene)(5-cyclopentadienyl)Fe(II) hexafluorophosphate.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein activation is in bulk, in solution, adsorbed to a substrate, in suspension, or an emulsion.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein activation is by two-photon, three-photon, or four-photon excitation.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein activation results in polymerization or cross-linking of the precursor composition.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein the first portion is fabrication from a first precursor composition and a second portion is fabricated from a second precursor composition.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 53 , wherein the first portion is fabricated at a first wavelength, and a second portion is fabricated at a second wavelength.
Claim 79
Independent Claim
78 words
A method for modifying the surface of a material, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition and a surface; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, and wherein the at least one first portion is covalently linked to the surface.
Claim 80
Independent Claim
78 words
A method for modifying the surface of a material, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition and a surface; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, and wherein the at least one first portion is covalently linked to the surface.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 72 , wherein the surface is the surface of an integrated chip.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 73 , wherein the surface comprises bovine serum albumin which has been crosslinked by multiphoton excitation, and the construct photoactivatable precursor comprises fibrinogen.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 73 , wherein the modified surface provides a scaffold for tissue cell culture.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 73 , wherein the surface is modified by attachment to at least one motile protein.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 76 , wherein the motile protein is selected from the group consisting of kinesin, microtubules, actin, axonemes, flagella, or a combination thereof.
Claim 86
Independent Claim
82 words
A method for manufacture of the surface of sensor array chip, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition and a chip surface; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a sensor, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, and wherein the at least one first portion is covalently linked to the chip surface.
Claim 87
Independent Claim
82 words
A method for manufacture of the surface of sensor array chip, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition and a chip surface; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a sensor, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, and wherein the at least one first portion is covalently linked to the chip surface.
Claim 88
Independent Claim
99 words
A method for provide spatial orientation of an agent, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition and a first agent; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, and wherein the at least one first portion is covalently linked to the agent; repeating the activation with a second agent, such that the second agent is spatially arrayed relative to the first agent.
Claim 89
Independent Claim
99 words
A method for provide spatial orientation of an agent, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition and a first agent; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, and wherein the at least one first portion is covalently linked to the agent; repeating the activation with a second agent, such that the second agent is spatially arrayed relative to the first agent.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 79 , wherein the agent first and second agents are selected from the group consisting of enzymes, antibodies, receptors, ribosomes and combinations thereof.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 80 , wherein the first and second agents perform biochemical synthesis, or perform separations.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 80 , wherein the second agent is arrayed by self-assembly, application of electrostatic fields, magnetic fields, shear forces, laser tweezers, magnetic tweezers, and combinations thereof.
Claim 93
Independent Claim
76 words
A method for modifying explanted tissue, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition and explanted tissue; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, and wherein the at least one first portion is covalently linked to the explanted tissue.
Claim 94
Independent Claim
76 words
A method for modifying explanted tissue, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition and explanted tissue; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a construct, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers, and wherein the at least one first portion is covalently linked to the explanted tissue.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 83 , wherein the construct crosslinks the tissue, links chelating agents or antibacterial agents to the tissue, or a combination thereof.
Claim 96
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for the manufacture of a form for multiple production, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a the form, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 97
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for the manufacture of a form for multiple production, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a the form, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 85 , wherein the form is a mold, stamper, mask, or mask for photolithography.
Claim 99
Independent Claim
69 words
A method for the manufacture of complex three-dimensional forms, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition which undergoes dynamic shape change upon fabrication; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a the form, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 100
Independent Claim
69 words
A method for the manufacture of complex three-dimensional forms, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition which undergoes dynamic shape change upon fabrication; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a the form, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 101
Independent Claim
74 words
A method for the manufacture of complex three-dimensional forms, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition which undergoes dynamic shape change upon exposure to a change in environment; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a the form, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 102
Independent Claim
74 words
A method for the manufacture of complex three-dimensional forms, comprising providing a photoactivatable precursor composition which undergoes dynamic shape change upon exposure to a change in environment; activating the precursor composition using multi-photon excitation in at least one first location in the precursor composition to form at least one first portion of a the form, wherein the at least one first portion has dimensions in the X-Y directions of less than about 300 nanometers.
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 88 , wherein the change in environment is a change in temperature, solvent, ionic strength, presence of a ligand, or a combination thereof.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2004-11-12 | 2005-05-14 | 2005-11-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2008-11-12 | 2009-05-14 | 2009-11-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2012-11-12 | 2013-05-14 | 2013-11-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |