Patent US4592809A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4592809A
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Electroplating composition and process and surfactant compound for use therein
Assignee: MacDermid Acumen Inc
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Filing: 1985-08-06
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Granted: 1986-06-03
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Expires: 2005-08-06
Abstract
Abstract Non-ionic surfactants prepared by reaction of ethoxylated bisphenols and sulfating agents such as sulfamic acid, sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid are employed in metal electroplating baths and processes to increase the useful operating temperature limits of the baths in comparison to those using other non-ionic surfactants. The surfactants are particularly useful as additives in acid zinc electroplating baths, and especially acid zinc electroplating baths either completely devoid of ammonium ion or containing low amounts of ammonium ion.
Inventors
- 👤 Jaan J. Fong
- 👤 Donald H. Becking
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 23:06
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/56; C25D3/565; C07; C07C; C07C305/00; C07C305/02; C07C305/04; C07C305/10; C07C309/00; C07C309/01; C07C309/28; C07C309/41; C07C309/42; C25D3/22
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 40
Claim 1
Independent Claim
62 words
A compound represented by the formula: ##STR4## wherein: x and y are integers from 1 to 39, and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78; R 1 through R 10 and H or SO 3 X, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 through R 10 must be SO 3 X, and X is any monovalent cation.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
62 words
A compound represented by the formula: ##STR4## wherein: x and y are integers from 1 to 39, and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78; R 1 through R 10 and H or SO 3 X, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 through R 10 must be SO 3 X, and X is any monovalent cation.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
A compound according to claim 1 wherein R 1 and R 10 are SO 3 X.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
A compound according to claim 2 wherein each of R 2 through R 9 is H.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
46 words
A compound according to claim 3 wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is SO 3 X and at least one of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is SO 3 X.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
44 words
A compound according to claim 4 wherein only one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is SO 3 X and only one of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is SO 3 X.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
46 words
A compound according to claim 1 wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is SO 3 X and at least one of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is SO 3 X.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
27 words
A compound according to any of claims 1 through 6 wherein X is selected from the group consisting of H, NH 4 , K, Na and Li.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
A compound according to any of claims 1 through 6 wherein X is NH 4 .
Claim 10
Independent Claim
58 words
A method for preparing a surfactant useful in electroplating process, comprising contacting under reaction conditions an ethoxylated bisphenol of the formula: ##STR5## wherein x and y are integers from 1 to 39 and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78, with a material selected from the group consisting of sulfamic acid, sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
58 words
A method for preparing a surfactant useful in electroplating process, comprising contacting under reaction conditions an ethoxylated bisphenol of the formula: ##STR5## wherein x and y are integers from 1 to 39 and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78, with a material selected from the group consisting of sulfamic acid, sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method according to claim 9 wherein said material is sulfamic acid.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method according to claim 9 wherein said material is sulfuric acid and wherein the resultant reaction product formed is thereafter neutralized with a hydroxide of a cation selected from the group consisting of NH 4 , Na, K and Li.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 9 wherein said material is chlorosulfonic acid and wherein the resultant reaction product is thereafter freed of associated hydrochloric acid.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
The reaction products prepared according to the methods of any of claims 9, 10, 11 or 12.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
88 words
A composition for electroplating metal onto a substrate therefor, comprising an aqueous admixture of a soluble source of metal ion; a soluble electrolyte and, as a surfactant, a compound of the formula: ##STR6## wherein: x and y are integers from 1 to 39, and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78; R 1 through R 10 are H or SO 3 X, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 through R 10 must be SO 3 X; and X is any monovalent cation.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
88 words
A composition for electroplating metal onto a substrate therefor, comprising an aqueous admixture of a soluble source of metal ion; a soluble electrolyte and, as a surfactant, a compound of the formula: ##STR6## wherein: x and y are integers from 1 to 39, and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78; R 1 through R 10 are H or SO 3 X, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 through R 10 must be SO 3 X; and X is any monovalent cation.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electroplating composition according to claim 14 wherein R 1 and R 10 are SO 3 X.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electroplating composition according to claim 15 wherein each of R 2 through R 9 is H.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
47 words
The electroplating composition according to claim 15 wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is SO 3 X and at least one of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is SO 3 X.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
45 words
The electroplating composition according to claim 17 wherein only one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is SO 3 X and only one of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is SO 3 X.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
47 words
The electroplating composition according to claim 14 wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is SO 3 X and at least one of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is SO 3 X.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electroplating composition according to any of claims 14 through 19 wherein X is selected from the group consisting of H, NH 4 , K, Na and Li.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electroplating composition according to any of claims 14 through 19 further comprising a brightener.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electroplating composition according to any of claims 14 through 19 wherein said soluble electrolyte is a non-ammoniated compound and wherein said metal ion is zinc.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
91 words
A composition for electroplating zinc or an alloy thereof onto a substrate therefor, comprising an aqueous admixture of a soluble source of zinc; a soluble electrolyte; and, as a surfactant, a compound of the formula: ##STR7## wherein: x and y are integers from 1 to 39, and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78; R 1 through R 10 are H or SO 3 X, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 through R 10 must be SO 3 X; and X is any monovalent cation.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
91 words
A composition for electroplating zinc or an alloy thereof onto a substrate therefor, comprising an aqueous admixture of a soluble source of zinc; a soluble electrolyte; and, as a surfactant, a compound of the formula: ##STR7## wherein: x and y are integers from 1 to 39, and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78; R 1 through R 10 are H or SO 3 X, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 through R 10 must be SO 3 X; and X is any monovalent cation.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electroplating composition according to claim 23 wherein said soluble electrolyte comprises a non-ammoniated compound.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
25 words
The electroplating composition according to claim 23 wherein said composition is completely free of ammonium ion except for ammonium, if any, associated with said surfactant.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electroplating composition according to claims 24 or 25 further comprising boric acid.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electroplating composition according to claims 24 or 25 further comprising an organic acid.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electroplating composition according to claims 23, 24 or 25 further comprising a brightening agent.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
25 words
The electroplating composition according to claims 23, 24 or 25 further comprising a brightening agent added to the composition in the form of a microemulsion.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electroplating composition according to claims 24 or 25 further comprising boric acid, an organic acid and a brightening agent.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electroplating composition according to claims 14 or 23 further comprising xylene sulfonate or salts thereof.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
151 words
A method for electroplating metal onto the surface or surfaces of a substrate, comprising: (a) preparing an electroplating composition comprising an aqueous solution of a soluble source of metal ion, a soluble electrolyte and, as a surfactant, a compound of the formula: ##STR8## wherein: x and y are integers from 1 to 39, and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78; R 1 through R 10 are H or SO 3 X with the proviso that at least one of R 1 through R 10 must be SO 3 X; and X is any monovalent cation; (b) maintaining said composition at a temperature suitable for electroplating and below the cloud point of the composition; (c) immersing into said composition an anode and said substrate; and (d) applying a voltage across the anode and substrate to thereby cause deposition of metal onto the metallic surface or surfaces of said substrate.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
151 words
A method for electroplating metal onto the surface or surfaces of a substrate, comprising: (a) preparing an electroplating composition comprising an aqueous solution of a soluble source of metal ion, a soluble electrolyte and, as a surfactant, a compound of the formula: ##STR8## wherein: x and y are integers from 1 to 39, and the sum of x+y is from 2 to 78; R 1 through R 10 are H or SO 3 X with the proviso that at least one of R 1 through R 10 must be SO 3 X; and X is any monovalent cation; (b) maintaining said composition at a temperature suitable for electroplating and below the cloud point of the composition; (c) immersing into said composition an anode and said substrate; and (d) applying a voltage across the anode and substrate to thereby cause deposition of metal onto the metallic surface or surfaces of said substrate.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method according to claim 32 wherein said metal ion is zinc; said electrolyte is a non-ammoniated electrolyte; and the pH of said composition is from about 3.0 to about 6.5.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method according to claim 32 wherein said composition further comprises boric acid, an organic acid and a brightener.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method according to claim 34 wherein said brightener is present by being added to said composition in the form of a microemulsion.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-06-02 | 1989-12-02 | 1990-06-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-06-02 | 1993-12-02 | 1994-06-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-06-02 | 1997-12-02 | 1998-06-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |