Method of increasing the sensitivity of a leak detector in the probe mode

Claim 1

An apparatus for detecting gas leakage from a test object comprising: (a) container means for receiving or enveloping test objects containing a first gas, said container means having a second gas at approximately 1 atmosphere which surrounds the test object; (b) conducting means in communication with said container means for conducting a flow of said first and said second gases from said container means directly to a separator means; (c) said separator means arranged to receive all of said first and second gases flowing through said conducting means and configured for separating said first gas from said second gas and for entraining a sufficient quantity of said second gas to greatly increase the ratio of said first to said second gases exiting said separator means therby enabling continuous detection of said first gas by a mass detector means. (d) said mass detector means connected in direct unobstructed fluid communication with said separator means for detecting the first gas exiting from said separator means and providing an output signal indicative of the presence of and amount of the first gas if there is leakage of said first gas from the test object; (e) a pump means connected in direct fluid communication with the mass detector and which functions to exhaust the measured first gas to the atmosphere; wherein the first gas is helium, the second gas is purified nitrogen which is helium-free, said separator means is a cryogenic pump configured to separate the nitrogen gas from the helium gas by pressure reduction of said nitrogen by expansion, cooling and adsorption and to pump essentially all of the helium entering the conducting means directly to the mass detector means to detect the presence of a leak in the test object; wherein said cryogenic pump contains no helium-entrapping material and comprises a housing defining a chamber; a first cooling surface disposed interior to said housing maintained at about 80° K.; a second cooling surface maintained at about 10° K.-22° K. for adsorbing nitrogen and therby separating the nitrogen gas from the helium gas.

Claim 2

An apparatus for detecting gas leakage from a test object comprising: (a) container means for receiving or enveloping test objects containing a first gas, said container means having a second gas at approximately 1 atmosphere which surrounds the test object; (b) conducting means in communication with said container means for conducting a flow of said first and said second gases from said container means directly to a separator means; (c) said separator means arranged to receive all of said first and second gases flowing through said conducting means and configured for separating said first gas from said second gas and for entraining a sufficient quantity of said second gas to greatly increase the ratio of said first to said second gases exiting said separator means therby enabling continuous detection of said first gas by a mass detector means. (d) said mass detector means connected in direct unobstructed fluid communication with said separator means for detecting the first gas exiting from said separator means and providing an output signal indicative of the presence of and amount of the first gas if there is leakage of said first gas from the test object; (e) a pump means connected in direct fluid communication with the mass detector and which functions to exhaust the measured first gas to the atmosphere; wherein the first gas is helium, the second gas is purified nitrogen which is helium-free, said separator means is a cryogenic pump configured to separate the nitrogen gas from the helium gas by pressure reduction of said nitrogen by expansion, cooling and adsorption and to pump essentially all of the helium entering the conducting means directly to the mass detector means to detect the presence of a leak in the test object; wherein said cryogenic pump contains no helium-entrapping material and comprises a housing defining a chamber; a first cooling surface disposed interior to said housing maintained at about 80° K.; a second cooling surface maintained at about 10° K.-22° K. for adsorbing nitrogen and therby separating the nitrogen gas from the helium gas.

Claim 23

An apparatus detecting gas leakage from a test object comprising: (a) container means for receiving or enveloping test objects containing a first gas, said container means having a second gas at approximately 1 atmosphere which surrounds the test object; (b) conducting means in communication with said container means for conducting a flow of said first and said second gases from said container means directly to a separator means; (c) said separator means arranged to receive all of the first and second gases flowing through the conducting means and configured for separating the first gas from the second gas and for entraining a sufficient quantity of the second gas to greatly increase the ratio of the first to the second gas exiting said separator means thereby enabling continuous detection of the first gas by a mass detector means; (d) said mass detector means connected in direct unobstructed fluid communication with the separator means for detecting the first gas exiting from said separator means and providing an output signal indicative of the presence of and amount of the first gas if there is leakage of the first gas from the test object; (e) a pump means connected in direct fluid communication with the mass detector and which functions to exhaust the measured first gas to the atmosphere; wherein the first gas is helium and the second gas is purified nitrogen, said separator means is an entrainment pump configured to separate the helium gas from the nitrogen gas and to pump substantially all of the helium entering said conducting means directly to the mass detector meas to detect the presence of a leak in the test object; said entrainment pulp is a cryogenic pump configured for reducing the pressure of said nitrogen by expansion, cooling and adsorption and having no helium entrapping substance, said cryogenic pump comprising a housing defining a chamber; a first cooling surface disposed interior to said housing maintained at about 80° K.; a second cooling surface disposed interior to said first cooling surface maintained at about 10° K.-22° K. for adsorbing and thereby separating said nitrogen from said helium gases, a gas entrance port defined by an inlet tube extending from exterior of said housing to interior of said first cooling surface and a gas exit port defined by openings in said first cooling surface and said housing for enabling a mixture of nitrogen and helium gases to enter the cryogenic pump at the entrance port and helium gas to leave via the exit port; a first baffle means disposed interior of said first cooling surface and adjacent said entrance port for directing the entering gases to impinge upon the first cooling surface before impinging upon the second cooling surface; a second baffle means located between the exit port and the second cooling surface for increasing the residence time of the nitrogen gas in the vicinity of the second cooling surface thereby enhancing separation of said nitrogen gas from said helium gas; wherein said second baffle means comprises a plurality of baffle plates arranged to overlap each other for reducing the influx of radiant energy to said second cooling surface and for increasing the residence time of said nitrogen gas in the vicinity of said second cooling surface; and wherein the second baffle means and the outlet port are sized whereby the gaseous conductance through the second baffle means and through the outlet port are substantially the same.

Claim 24

An apparatus detecting gas leakage from a test object comprising: (a) container means for receiving or enveloping test objects containing a first gas, said container means having a second gas at approximately 1 atmosphere which surrounds the test object; (b) conducting means in communication with said container means for conducting a flow of said first and said second gases from said container means directly to a separator means; (c) said separator means arranged to receive all of the first and second gases flowing through the conducting means and configured for separating the first gas from the second gas and for entraining a sufficient quantity of the second gas to greatly increase the ratio of the first to the second gas exiting said separator means thereby enabling continuous detection of the first gas by a mass detector means; (d) said mass detector means connected in direct unobstructed fluid communication with the separator means for detecting the first gas exiting from said separator means and providing an output signal indicative of the presence of and amount of the first gas if there is leakage of the first gas from the test object; (e) a pump means connected in direct fluid communication with the mass detector and which functions to exhaust the measured first gas to the atmosphere; wherein the first gas is helium and the second gas is purified nitrogen, said separator means is an entrainment pump configured to separate the helium gas from the nitrogen gas and to pump substantially all of the helium entering said conducting means directly to the mass detector meas to detect the presence of a leak in the test object; said entrainment pulp is a cryogenic pump configured for reducing the pressure of said nitrogen by expansion, cooling and adsorption and having no helium entrapping substance, said cryogenic pump comprising a housing defining a chamber; a first cooling surface disposed interior to said housing maintained at about 80° K.; a second cooling surface disposed interior to said first cooling surface maintained at about 10° K.-22° K. for adsorbing and thereby separating said nitrogen from said helium gases, a gas entrance port defined by an inlet tube extending from exterior of said housing to interior of said first cooling surface and a gas exit port defined by openings in said first cooling surface and said housing for enabling a mixture of nitrogen and helium gases to enter the cryogenic pump at the entrance port and helium gas to leave via the exit port; a first baffle means disposed interior of said first cooling surface and adjacent said entrance port for directing the entering gases to impinge upon the first cooling surface before impinging upon the second cooling surface; a second baffle means located between the exit port and the second cooling surface for increasing the residence time of the nitrogen gas in the vicinity of the second cooling surface thereby enhancing separation of said nitrogen gas from said helium gas; wherein said second baffle means comprises a plurality of baffle plates arranged to overlap each other for reducing the influx of radiant energy to said second cooling surface and for increasing the residence time of said nitrogen gas in the vicinity of said second cooling surface; and wherein the second baffle means and the outlet port are sized whereby the gaseous conductance through the second baffle means and through the outlet port are substantially the same.

Claim 27

An apparatus detecting gas leakage from a test object comprising: (a) container means for receiving or enveloping test objects containing a first gas, said container means having a second gas at approximately 1 atmosphere which surrounds the test object; (b) conducting means in communication with said container means for conductng a flow of said first and said second gases from said container means directly to a separator means; (c) said separator means arranged to receive all of said first and second gases flowing through said conducting means and configured for separating said first gas from said second gas and for entraining a sufficient quantity of said second gas to greatly increase the ratio of said first to said second gases exiting said separator means thereby enabling continuous detection of said first gas by a mass detector means; (d) said mass detector means connected in direct unobstructed fluid communication with said separator means for detecting the first gas exiting from said separator means and providing an output signal indicative of the presence of and amount of the first gas if there is leakage of said first gas from the test object; (e) a pump means connected in direct fluid communication with the mass detector and which functions to exhaust the measured first gas to the atmosphere; wherein the first gas is helium and the second gas is purified nitrogen said separator means is an entrainment pump configured to separate the helium gas from the nitrogen gas and to pump substantially all of the helium entering said conducting means directly to the mass detector means to detect the presence of a leak in the test object; wherein the separator is a nonevaporable getter comprising multiple barriers with absorbing surfaces comprising a getter material selected from the group consisting of zirconium/aluminum alloys, zirconium/graphite alloys and zirconium/iron alloys.

Claim 28

An apparatus detecting gas leakage from a test object comprising: (a) container means for receiving or enveloping test objects containing a first gas, said container means having a second gas at approximately 1 atmosphere which surrounds the test object; (b) conducting means in communication with said container means for conductng a flow of said first and said second gases from said container means directly to a separator means; (c) said separator means arranged to receive all of said first and second gases flowing through said conducting means and configured for separating said first gas from said second gas and for entraining a sufficient quantity of said second gas to greatly increase the ratio of said first to said second gases exiting said separator means thereby enabling continuous detection of said first gas by a mass detector means; (d) said mass detector means connected in direct unobstructed fluid communication with said separator means for detecting the first gas exiting from said separator means and providing an output signal indicative of the presence of and amount of the first gas if there is leakage of said first gas from the test object; (e) a pump means connected in direct fluid communication with the mass detector and which functions to exhaust the measured first gas to the atmosphere; wherein the first gas is helium and the second gas is purified nitrogen said separator means is an entrainment pump configured to separate the helium gas from the nitrogen gas and to pump substantially all of the helium entering said conducting means directly to the mass detector means to detect the presence of a leak in the test object; wherein the separator is a nonevaporable getter comprising multiple barriers with absorbing surfaces comprising a getter material selected from the group consisting of zirconium/aluminum alloys, zirconium/graphite alloys and zirconium/iron alloys.